GEMINI MARINE PTE LTD

10 Admiralty Street North Link Building , #01-83 Singapore 757695 Tel: +65 6542-9419 Fax: +65 6542-9429 Email: info@performance-boating.com Service Yard 110 Tanah Merah Coast Road Singapore 498800 Service hotline +65-90805233

CORE COMPETENCY
Manufacturing
Custom RIB builder from 7 13m Inflatable tubes and fender Fittings, trailers and cradles

Product Sales
Lifeboat, Rescue and Workboats Shipboard and Safety Equipment Engine and Parts

Marine Services
LRS (lifeboat repair station) DRC (diesel engine repair centre) YS (yacht services)

CORE BUSINESS
GEMINI MARINE

DEFENCE
- Special Naval Craft - Defence Marketing - Maritime Consultancy - Security Service

COMMERCIAL
- Lifeboat & Rescue Craft - Davit & Winch System - Diesel Engine

LEISURE
- Yacht Sale - Yacht Services

Basic understanding of diesel engine General care and maintenance New technology on marine diesel engine IPS Aquamatic Diesel Inboard Sail Drive

How diesel engines work

Compressing any gas raises its temperature, the method by which fuel is ignited in diesel engines. Air is drawn into the cylinders and is compressed by the pistons. At near the end of the compression stroke, diesel fuel is injected into the combustion chamber through an injector (or atomizer). The fuel ignites from contact with the air that due to compression has been heated to a temperature of about 700900 C. The resulting combustion causes increased heat and expansion in the cylinder which increases pressure and moves the piston downward.

How diesel engines work 1. intake 2. compression 3. power 4. exhaust

How diesel engines work

A connecting rod transmits this motion to a crankshaft to convert linear motion to rotary motion for use as power in a variety of applications.

Crankshaft (red), Pistons and connecting rod (gray) Cylinders (blue)

How diesel engines work

Intake air to the engine is usually controlled by mechanical valves in the cylinder head. Engine power is dependent on the quantity of air/fuel mixture ingested and the efficiency of its combustion and conversion into power. To increase the quantity of mixture combusted, the engine displacement can be increased, the speed of operation of the engine can be increased, or the mixture quantity (volume) can be delivered at a higher pressure, which is the function of such devices as turbochargers and superchargers.

How diesel engines work

A turbocharger is an exhaust-gas driven forced induction device used in internal combustion engines to improve engine performance by forcing compressed air into the combustion chambers, allowing more fuel to be burned, resulting in a larger power output. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor linked by a shared axis. The turbine inlet receives exhaust gases from the engine exhaust manifold causing the turbine wheel to rotate. This rotation drives the compressor, compressing ambient air and delivering it to the air intake of the engine.

How diesel engines work

A supercharger (also known as a blower) is an air compressor used to force more air (and hence more oxygen) into the combustion chamber(s) of an internal combustion engine. The additional mass of air that is forced into the engine improves on its volumetric efficiency which allows it to burn more fuel in a given cycle - which in turn makes it produce more power. A supercharger can be powered mechanically by belt, gear, or chain-drive from the engine's crankshaft.

How diesel engines work

All other factors being equal, a larger displacement engine is more powerful than a smaller one. It is the easiest method of adding power since it neither requires higher rotational speeds nor complicated auxiliaries. Engine displacement is defined as the total volume of air/fuel mixture an engine can draw in during one complete engine cycle; it is normally stated in cubic centimetres. In a piston engine, this is the volume that is swept as the pistons are moved from top dead centre to bottom dead centre.

How diesel engines work

In a standard piston engine, displacement is calculated by multiplying the number of cylinders in the engine with the area of a piston and the length of the stroke. With circular pistons, displacement can be calculated from the bore diameter and stroke using the following formula:

General care and maintenance

General care and maintenance

General care and maintenance

Recommended maintenance schedule Daily or before starting: Engine, engine room and general inspection Engine oil level Coolant level Inspect drive, propeller, steering

General care and maintenance

Check for leakage

General care and maintenance

Check engine oil level

General care and maintenance

Check your coolant level

General care and maintenance

Recommended maintenance schedule Every 2 weeks: Check drive belt Clean sea water filter

General care and maintenance

Recommended maintenance schedule Every 50 200hrs or at least once a year: Change engine oil Change oil filter

General care and maintenance

Recommended maintenance schedule Every 200hrs or at least once a year: Change air filter Check impellor Change anodes Change fuel filters

General care and maintenance

Smoke signals Black or grey smoke result of unburned fuel Could be due to: Too much load on the engine Dirty hull, extra drag Over pitch prop Fouled prop Dirty air filters Turbo failure Exhaust hose Faulty injector or injection pump

General care and maintenance

Smoke signals Blue smoke result of burnt engine oil Could be due to: Worn valve Seized piston ring Oil seal failure Crankcase overfilled Thermostat stuck open, engine running below tempt

General care and maintenance

Smoke signals White smoke result of water vapour Could be due to: Water in fuel Blown head gasket, ingress of cooling water Cracked exhaust manifold

New technology on marine diesel engine IPS Aquamatic Diesel Inboard Sail Drive

Volvo Penta IPS

Volvo Penta IPS

Propshaft kW/hp 182/248 217/295 259/352 307/418

Crankshaft kW/hp 191/260 228/310 272/370 320/435

Rated rpm 3500 3500 3500 3500

No of cyl 4 6 6 6

Displacement litres/cui 3.7/226 5.5/336 5.5/336 5.5/336

IPS 350 IPS 400 IPS 500 IPS 600

Aquamatic

diesel sterndrive

Propshaft kW/hp 90/122 90/122 114/155 114/155 133/181 133/181

Crankshaft kW/hp 96/130 96/130 120/163 120/163 140/190 140/190

Rated rpm 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000

No of cyl 5 5 5 5 5 5

Displacement litres/cui 2.4/146 2.4/146 2.4/146 2.4/146 2.4/146 2.4/146

D3-130/SX D3-130/DPS D3-160/SX D3-160/DP-S D3-190/SX D3-190/DPS

Aquamatic

diesel sterndrive

Propshaft kW/hp 158/215 184/250 198/269 219/298 219/298 248/337 248/337

Crankshaft kW/hp 165/225 191/260 206/280 228/310 228/310 257/350 257/350

Rated rpm 3500 3500 3500 3500 3500 3500 3500

No of cyl 4 4 6 6 6 6 6

Displacement litres/cui 3.7/226 3.7/226 5.5/336 5.5/336 5.5/336 5.5/336 5.5/336

D4-225/DP D4-260/DP D6-280/DP D6-310/DP D6-310/DPR D6-350/DP D6-350/DPR

Diesel Inboard
diesel inboard Propshaft kW/hp 201/274 223/303 267/363 310/422 357/485 410/558 481/654 510/694 553/752 Crankshaft kW/hp 206/280 228/310 272/370 320/435 368/500 423/575 496/675 526/715 570/775 Rated rpm 3500 3500 3500 3500 2600 2500 2300 2300 2300 No of cyl 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Displacement litres/cui 5.5/336 5.5/336 5.5/336 5.5/336 9.4/571 9.4/571 12.1/740 12.1/740 12.1/740

D6-280 D6-310 D6-370 D6-435 D9-500 D9-575 D12-675 D12-715 D12-800

Sail Drive
diesel sailboat range D1-13 D1-20 D1-30 D2-40 D2-55 D2-75 D3-110 D4-180 Propshaft kW/hp 8.6/11.8 13.3/18.0 20.1/27.3 27.9/38.0 39/53 53/72 78/106 128/174 Rated rpm 3200 3200 3200 3200 3000 3000 3000 2800 No of cyl 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 4 Displacement litres/cui 0.51 (31) 0.76 (46.5) 1.13 (69) 1.51 (92.1) 2.2 (134.2) 2.2 (134.2) 2.4 (146) 3.7 (226)