SHIP-TO-SHORE (STS) MOVEMENT

Overview
Ship-to Shore Planning Ship-to-Shore Execution (Waterborne)

Organization C2

Ship-to-Shore Movement
that portion of the assault phase of an amphibious operation which includes the deployment of the landing force from the assault shipping to designated landing areas. JP 3-02

Ship-to-Shore Objective

Land troops, equipment, and supplies At prescribed times & places In formation that supports scheme of maneuver ashore

Ship-to-Shore Planning Sequence

1. Scheme of maneuver ashore 2. Ship-to-shore 3. Embarkation 4. Debarkation

Landing Force Organization

Tactical Organization Organization for Landing

Boat space Boat teams Waves Boat groups CSS attachments

Organization for Embarkation

Planning Ship-to-Shore Movement

Parallel Concurrent Detailed

Assault forces clear the beach, advance inland and close with the enemy rapidly after landing. V MEF IWO JIMA OPORDER

Planning Considerations

Scheme of maneuver ashore LF tactical integrity Availability of amphibious shipping, AAVs, landing craft, and helicopters Threat to the LF Defense of the ATF OTH or near shore launch Flexibility Fire support Logistics/culminating point Speed and positive control

Timing

Starts when ordered by CATF "Land the landing force Ends when unload of assault shipping completed

Unloading Phases

Initial unloading - Tactical & Selective General unloading - - - Logistics-oriented

Landing Force Landing Plan

Priorities Organization Means Serials Loading Coordination

Landing Categories

Scheduled Waves On-call Waves Nonscheduled Units Prepositioned Emergency Supplies Remaining Supplies

Scheduled Waves
Time Place Formation Serialized First use AAVs/landing craft First and subsequent use of helos Precise time schedule

On-Call Waves

Early need ashore Time/place? Request by serial number Follow scheduled waves

Non-Scheduled Units
Remaining units Prior to general unloading Not pre-boated Landing sequence table Serialized

Prepositioned Emergency Supplies

Meet critical needs

- Floating dumps
- Prestaged helicopter lifted supplies

Serialized
(water/ammo/rations/medical)

"W.A.R.M"

Remaining Supplies

All other supplies in assault shipping Loaded selectively until: Dump levels are up General unloading Not serialized

Serial Numbers

Art and science Allocated administratively Assigned for landing

Building Blocks

Concept of operations Landing sites Formation For landing Serial numbers H-hour/D-day Assault waves Landing craft/helo availability

Ship-to-Shore Documents
1 Landing Diagram

2 Serial Assignment Table 3 Landing Craft & Vehicle Assignment Table (LCAVAT) 4 Landing Sequence Table 5 AAV /ACV Availability Table 6 AAV /ACV Employment Plan 7 Helicopter Availability Table 8 Helicopter & Serial Assignment Landing Table (HEALT) 9 Heliteam Wave & Serial Assignment Landing Table 10 Helicopter Landing Diagram

Sequence of Preparation

Concept of Operations AAV & Landing Craft Availability Tables Landing Plan Tab (w/o exhibits) Landing Diagram Landing Craft & Vehicle Assignment Table (LCAVAT) Serial Assignment Table Assault Schedule AAV Employment Plan Landing Sequence Table

Sea Operating Areas

Anti-submarine Screening Area Assault Area Transport Area AAV Launch Area Control Ship Stations Fire Support Area LHA/LHD Operating Area / Helo/VTOL transport

area Sea Echelon Area

Sea Echelon Area

Located outside of the Transport Areaminimizes the number of ships allowed to enter or remain in the Transport area at any one time.

PROS
(+) ship defense (+) dispersion of large force (+) OTH surprise (+) less area to clear of mines

CONS
(-) momentum of LF attack (-) command and control

Sea Echelon Area

Positive

- Defense of ATF - Standoff from enemy shore weapons and mines near shore
Negatives

- Reduced responsiveness of nonscheduled waves - Reduced effectiveness of C2 ashore - Increased screen requirements over a greater area

Transport Area
(an area used solely for the purpose of debarking personnel & equipment)

Inner Transport Area (ITA)

- used to expedite landing - used when launching AAVs - used by shallower draft vessels
Outer Transport Area (OTA)

- LHA/LHD will normally be assigned - PCRS

Helicopter/VTOL Transport Area

- provides ample maneuvering room for chasing winds

Inner transport area

Outer transport area

Helo/VTOL transport area

Landing Area Diagram

Swept Lanes Beach Designations PCO Station Line of Departure (LOD) Launching Areas Big Deck Area Inbound/Outbound Lanes Fire Support Areas LCAC Control Features

Surface ShiptoShore Control

CATF Central Control Officer CCO/CCS Primary Control Officer PCO/PCS
Secondary Control Officer

CLF TACLOG

Primary Control Officer PCO/PCS

Secondary Control Officer

Primary Control Officer PCO/PCS

Secondary Control Officer

GREEN BEACH

RED BEACH

ORANGE BEACH

TACLOG
Tactical Logistics Group Who is in it? Who is in charge?

Navy Control Organization

Central Control Officer (CCO/CCS)

- Assistant Central Control Officer

Primary Control Officer (PCO/PCS)

- Secondary Control Officer (SCO/SCS)

Combat Cargo Officer

Central Control Officer (CCO)

CATFs representative Plans and supervises waterborne ship-to- shore movement Assigns the PCO/PCS units Liaison with TACLOG & TAO Assistant CCO

Primary Control Officer (PCO)

Detailed plans (PCO instructions) Controls boats and traffic Directs timed waves Liaises with TACLOG Monitors surf/weather Tracks offload status Ensures maximum craft use Monitors repair/refueling status

SCO

CCO
PCO

PCO

RED BEACH

SCO

Boat Group Commander

Under tactical control of PCO Numbered colored beach Leads first displacement craft wave to line of breakers Traffic control officer Directs returning waves to ships

LOD

GREEN 1

AAVs

LCPL

BOAT GROUP CDR

Assistant Boat Group Commander

Embarked in LCPL Organizes assembly area Follows last boated wave to beach Assists boat group commander Salvage officer

RENDEZVOUS AREA

ASSEMBLY AREA

LOD

Assistant Boat Group Commander

LOD

Boat Wave Commander

Embarked in landing craft

Responsible for one boated wave Forms and guides wave to and from beach Maintain boat and wave intervals Touchdown on time

BWC

GREEN 1

BGC

Wave Guide Officer

Embarked in LCPLnormally provided by ship in which wave is embarked

Guide AAVs to LOD and then across on command of

PCSensure touchdown at beach on time

One LCPL marks left flank and one LCPL marks right

flank Also referred to as safety boats

LOD WGO
RED BEACH

ABGC

WGO

LCAC Control
Independent Advisory Positive

LCAC CONTROL
CLZ

CPP X CDP CCP

LAUNCH AREA DEPARTURE POINT TRANSIT LANE CONTROL POINT PENETRATION POINT LANDING ZONE LANDING SITE CLA CDP CCP CPP CLZ CLS

CLA

Conduct of Ship-to-Shore
PCO brief Pre-H-hour activities
- Prescribed load/ammo - Ships first Lt, CCO, and landing force

Pre-H-hour transfers Land the landing force Set condition 1A/flight quarters

Conduct of Ship-to-Shore
Assault troops muster in debark stations. Well decks ballast down:
Launch craft Move to rendezvous area & form waves

LST/LPD/LSD high speed launch underway.

Conduct of Ship-to-Shore
AAVs launch and flank PCS: positive control - Touchdown at H-hour

Subsequent waves TACLOG with PCS

Command & Control

CO S-2 S-3 S-3A AO FSC COMM O EMBARK O S-4 CCO LFOC JIC LFOC TACLOG SACC/TACC SACC Where needed TACLOG or debark TACLOG/LFOC Debark control

Displacement
COA #1
A Command: Helo Airborne prior to H-hour In LFOC, O/O displace B Command: Afloat

COA #2
A Command: Surface Scheduled waves (AAVC-7/landing craft) On-call/Free Boat B Command: Afloat

EMCON

What does EMCON mean to you? What is a quiet landing?

Radars VHF UHF HF SATCOM STOM?

Summary
STS Planning STS Execution (Waterborne)

Organization C2

Navy Planning Perspective