High Rise

Performance Based Seismic Evaluation of Icon Hotel in Dubai
Farshad Berahman
BSc MSc PhD Senior Structural Engineer
WS Atkins Middle East

Dubai, UAE
Burj Al Arab Dubai
Atkins Tall Buildings
Icon Hotel, Dubai
Icon Hotel Dubai Promenade
Icon Hotel Location
Icon Hotel The Site
Icon Hotel Building Geometry

Key Facts
34th
level-Mechanical Floor
160 m
96m 165m
203 Guest Hotel Room 172 Branded Service Apartments 42 storey wheel Total built up area 110,000 sqm
Lift cores
Sky Lift 8th level-Mechanical Floor
78m Atrium
Elevation
10.8m
13.2 m 4.3m Plan
Icon Hotel Pre-Concept
The areas with high shear stresses: 1. 2. 3. Thicken the wall - more weight and more concrete Reduce the number of openings - Not favourable Architecturally Use steel plates to reinforce the highly stressed concrete walls - Not standard practice
Punched Concrete Walls
Icon Hotel Pre-Concept
Permanent Composite Trusses
Sketches Courtesy LERA
Peer Review LERAs Proposed Alternative
Icon Hotel Concept Design - Functional Framing & Form Finding
Icon Hotel Pre- Construction Advisor - SAMSUNG
Images Courtesy Samsung
Icon Hotel Preliminary Design
Y X
Gravity Load Path
Icon Hotel Axial Forces Under Gravity Loads
Axial Force Diagram
Icon Hotel Construction Sequence
Images Courtesy Tekla
Icon Hotel Mega Frame LLRS

Deformation has bending configuration and story drift increase with height Deformation has shear configuration with maximum inclination near the base
Icon Hotel
Steel Weight
Trusses, Arches and vertical elements: 10250 ton Floor Beams: 7000 ton
ICON HOTEL
29th January 2009
Icon Hotel Modes of Vibration
T1 = 4.3 Sec
T2 = 3.3 Sec
T3 = 3.0 Sec
Icon Hotel Specialist Studies
Geotechnical Study Liquefaction Analysis Soil Improvement Seismic Hazard Study Wind Tunnel Study Pile Raft Settlement Analysis Floor vibration analysis Connections Detail Design Long Term Effect (Column Shortening) Performance Based Seismic Evaluation
Icon Hotel Wind Tunnel Studies
Images & Data Courtesy RWDI
Inter story drift less than H/1000
For more information please visit CTBUH website and search for CTBUH 2010 Mumbai Conference
Foundation Type
Other areas are on pile groups or individual piles
Piled Raft
ICON HOTEL 29th January 2009
Pile Raft Settlement Analysis-Predicted Settlement (DL+LL) by PIGLET
Maximum Settlement: 90mm
ICON HOTEL
29th January 2009
Pile Raft Settlement Analysis-Predicted Settlement (DL+LL) by FEAR
CONTOURS OF VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT

Co n t o u r L e g e n d
1. 000E - 02 2. 200E - 02 3. 400E - 02 4. 600E - 02 5. 800E - 02 7. 000E - 02 8. 200E - 02 9. 400E - 02 1. 060E - 01 1. 180E - 01 1. 300E - 01 1. 420E - 01 1. 540E - 01 1. 660E - 01
I c o n Ho t e l S et t lem ent As s es s m ent E q u iv a l e n t Ra f t
ICON HOTEL
29th
January 2009
Icon Hotel Design of Connections
Floor System
Strength Deflection Vibration Acoustic 2hrs Fire
10.8m
Density 400kg/m^2
13.2 m 4.3m
Density 560 kg/m^2
Design of Floor for Vibration Traditional approach
F1>4 Hz
PDR SB 1 SB 2 217 kg/m 117 kg/m
Current Design 114 kg/m 100 kg/m
Icon Hotel Floor Vibration Analysis
Floor Vibration Analysis-In-house Program
R-Factor
Floor Vibration Analysis-MIDAS model
Walking Load
Vibration Mode Shapes-MIDAS model
PDR and Detail Design Cost Comparison
More than 21 million AED
SAVED
ICON HOTEL
29th January 2009
Icon Hotel Column Shortening
MIDAS Model
ICON HOTEL
Icon Hotel Differential Shortening Between Inner and Outer Walls
ICON HOTEL
29th January 2009
Icon Hotel
ICON HOTEL
29th January 2009
Icon Hotel Seismic hazard study
Seismic Hazard Study

Courtesy Fugro West Inc.
Magnitude Probability Density Function

The estimated equal hazard horizontal response spectrum at rock boundary
set 1 2 3
Earthquake 1994 Northridge, USA 1976 Gazli, USSR 1992 Landers, USA
Magnitude Distance (Km) 6.7 6.8 7.3 18.2 22.3 42.5
Recording station
Designation
90053 Canoga Parl- CNP 106 CNP Topanga Can 196 9201 Karakyr 12025 Palm Springs Airport GAZ000 GAZ090 PSA 000 PSA090

Icon Hotel Performance Based Design Seismic Evaluation
Icon Hotel Performance Based Design Seismic Evaluation
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Perform 3D
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Material Behaviour
Un confined C70 (70 Mpa) concrete
Figure 18. Stress-Strain relationship for unconfined C70 concrete
Steel S355(355 Mpa yield strength) built up section
Reinforcement (460 Mpa yied strength)
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Damping
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Performance objectives

Design Stage Earthquake Level Performance objective Analysis Type Design Stage I-A E2 LS/CD 3-D Linear Response Spectrum Analysis Seismic Zone 2A UBC 97-Soil type Sc UBC 97-R=4.5-Bearing Wall System %2 for inelastic deformation=0.7*R*elastic deformation Member to be designed according to UBC 97 Factored load combinations Design Strength Strength & Story drift ratio Design Stage I-B E2 LS/CD 2-D Nonlinear Time History Analysis Time history obtained from Seismic Hazard Study-475 years return period N/A 2.5% (DM 2009) Design Stage III E3 CP/ED 2-D Nonlinear Time History Analysis Time history obtained from Seismic Hazard Study-2475 years return period N/A 3.5% (DM 2009)
Earthquake load/Time History Ductility Factor Story Drift Ratio Limit Member Strength Design Load Factors Material strength Acceptance Criteria
Design to be verified Service load combinations Expected strength Strain & Story drift ratio
Design to be verified Service load combinations Expected strength Strain & Story drift ratio
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Desired Behaviour
the envelope of inter-story drifts.

Bhaviour under gravity load
Concrete Coupling beams behave nonlinear
Compression strain about 0.0012

Envelope of the concrete compression strain at critical locations
Coupling beams behave nonlinearly
Lander
Concrete compression strain 0.0016 1992-scaled earthquake
All the members remained elastic except coupling beams Building met the performance objectives.
Figure 28. The envelope of shear force and the capacity of central shear wall.
The envelope inter-story drift ratios for MCE
The envelope of shear force and the capacity of central shear wall.
Figure 28. The envelope of shear force and the capacity of central shear wall.
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Dissipated Energy
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Usage Ratios
Scaled Lander 1992 increased 4x to see the extreme behaviour
Conclusions and observation

Large gravity transfer structures can be used efficiently to mobilise frame action by coupling the core walls. Icon hotel Performance Based Design evaluation showed that this building will behave in a desired manner for future anticipated earthquake. Bearing wall system: Ductility ?? Overstrength Minimum base shear from the code. Do we need to follow? Performance based design provides valuable information for the seismic design of geometrically complex structures which lie beyond the realms of established building codes.

High Rise

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Performance Based Seismic Evaluation of Icon Hotel in Dubai

WS Atkins Middle East

Burj Al Arab Dubai

Atkins Tall Buildings

Icon Hotel, Dubai

Icon Hotel Dubai Promenade

Icon Hotel Location

Icon Hotel The Site

Icon Hotel Building Geometry

Sky Lift 8th level-Mechanical Floor

13.2 m 4.3m Plan

Icon Hotel Pre-Concept

Punched Concrete Walls

Icon Hotel Pre-Concept

Permanent Composite Trusses

Sketches Courtesy LERA

Peer Review LERAs Proposed Alternative

Icon Hotel Concept Design - Functional Framing & Form Finding

Icon Hotel Pre- Construction Advisor - SAMSUNG

Images Courtesy Samsung

Icon Hotel Preliminary Design

Gravity Load Path

Icon Hotel Axial Forces Under Gravity Loads

Axial Force Diagram

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence