Tank Storage Association

Conference & Exhibition 22nd September 2011

Innovative solutions using bentonite materials to address secondary and tertiary containment issues Steve Flynn Rawell Environmental Ltd

Bentonite for COMAH Containment Issues

Bentonite: A natural clay which when hydrated forms a barrier to the passage of liquids Supplied in rolls called a GCL, laid like a carpet buried with 300mm fill GCL carpet, Easily fixes to concrete structures Self heals minor punctures Minimal maintenance as membrane always below ground yp y y y 2 types of GCL Dry needs to be carefully hydrated on site to function Prehydrated already functions just need to overlap

Bentonite Lining options Dry or Prehydrated

Dry Bentonite Dry Bentonite

Needs water to hydrate for bentonite to swell and form an impermeable seal If hydrated with contaminated (site) water - bentonite will not function Impurities in ground/water can prevent swell and cause failure Therefore need to import inert material below and above membrane Failure = Cation Exchange = causes change from Na+ to Ca++ = shrinks/cracks

Bentonite Lining options Dry or Prehydrated Prehydrated Bentonite

Prehydrated bentonite is already a formed barrier ie 2.8 x 10-13 m/s Prehydrated Rawmat HDB does not need more water to form seal Liquid polymer protected bentonite unaffected by hydrocarbons Cation Exchange does not break down Rawmat HDB polymer protected Fast simple installation with general contractors Can be laid onto contaminated ground no need for removal to landfill Simple strip earth, lay membrane, replace earth to form conforming barrier Cost effective system fraction of cost of concrete/clay

Examples of Issues to Consider

Bund walls Vertical Concrete, Earth Berms, Composite Hybrids , , p y Concrete Supports Pipe Supports, Staircases, Ring Beams Tank Bases Concrete Ring Beams, Compacted Stone Donuts Tank Floor Upgrades Jacked Tanks, Replacement Floors Bund Floor Drainage Rawdrain & PolyStorm, ACCO Drain, Pipe P Pi Penetrations T ll T il / F d pipes / i t ti Tell Tails Feed i /pipes th through E th W ll h Earth Walls Tank Chimes Corrosion Protection to Tank Floors

Sealing to Concrete Bund Wall

Bund wall

Rawmat HDB Type P terminated a minimum of 50mm below ground level and finished with a Rawmat termination bar fixed at 250mm centres with Rawmat soft washer fixings

300mm imported cover material

Rawpaste Mastic applied in interface between Rawmat and concrete bund wall

Compacted sub - base

Rawmat HDB Type P laid white non - woven geotextile uppermost t til t

Rawseal TR35 angle fillet

Earth Bund Wall Sealing Options

Geogrid Rawmat HDB

300mm Finish Level

Rawcell filled with concrete at top of bund

Concrete cap forming anchor trench

Rawcell cellular confinement

Rawmat HDB Type PP

200mm thick layer of stone in Rawcell

Sealing to Concrete Structures

Rawmat HDB Type P terminated a minimum of 50mm below ground level and finished with a Rawmat termination bar fixed at 250mm centres with Rawmat soft washer fixings Rawpaste Mastic applied in interface between concrete sleeve, Rawmat HDB and Rawseal TR35.

Existing concrete 300mm Imported cover material

Compacted sub - base Rawseal TR35 angle fillet Rawmat HDB Type P laid white non - woven geotextile uppermost

Tank Base Donut

Rawdrain 444

Rawmat HDB Type PP

SEE DRAWING No. 1708RB FOR OVERLAP DETAILS

Tank Base Concrete Ring Beam

Tank

Ring Beam

Rawmat HDB

Rawmat HDB

Tank Floor Upgrades Jacking & Letterbox

Bund Floor Drainage

Polystorm drain wrapped in terram and half filled with clean gravel

Stone
75mm Clean Gravel

50mm Stone Layer

Rawpaste Mastic
400 - 450mm graded backfill placed over Rawmat & Rawdrain

Geotextile

250mm contaminated fill layer Rawdrain 444

Rawmat HDB Type P Drain Holes

Compacted sub-base

Rawdrain 444

Rawmat Type PP

Pipe Penetration through Earth Bund Wall

Main sheet of Rawmat HDB Type P laid white side facing upwards

300

Patch of Rawmat HDB Type P. White geotextile removed from and placed clay core side down. Patch must be a minimum of 200mm larger in all directions than diameter of pipe.

500

Rawpaste Mastic applied between sheets and around penetration Upper white geotextile to be cut back in area to be overlapped by patch Pipe

500

300mm compacted suitable fill material

Collar of Rawmat HDB Type P with the white non-woven geotextile removed and the clay core placed directly to the pipe and held in place by wire or cable ties. 1

Pipe penetration through earth bund that is no steeper than 1:2.5

2.5

Patch of Rawmat HDB Type P. White geotextile removed from and placed clay core side down. Patch must be a minimum of 200mm larger in all directions than diameter of pipe.

Rawpaste Mastic applied between sheets and around penetration

Collar of Rawmat HDB Type P with the white non-woven geotextile removed and the clay core placed directly to the pipe and held in place by wire or cable ties.

Close-Up

Isometric View

Sealing Leak Detection Pipes

Main sheet of Rawmat HDB Type PP with the lower geotextile removed in the area overlapping the first patch piece Rawdrain 444 extended above pipe to protect the Rawmat

Patch of Rawmat HDB Type PP with the upper geotextile removed Rawseal TR35 angle fillet placed tightly around monitoring pipe.

Collar of Rawmat HDB Type PP with the geotextile removed from both sides

Monitoring Pipe

Rawpaste Mastic applied between all overlaps and applied to pipe

Tank Floor Corrosion Protection - Stopaq

Tank Floor Corrosion Protection - Stopaq

Tank

EZ Wrappingband

FN4200 sealant

Backer Rod

Concrete ring beam

Some E S Examples of l f Prehydrated Bentonite Membranes used to provide Secondary Containment Solutions

Case Study: Linking Bund Wall to Floor

Concrete cap forming anchor trench Irregular surface overlain with board and loose material smoothed out behind board which is then folded back to provide firm smooth surface for Rawmat HDB Type PP

Rawmat HDB Type PP

150mm thick layer of concrete in geocell

150mm nails through board into clay

Trench backfilled to bund floor level

As dug backfill

Board extends from base of trench and over slope

Imported clay

Trench cut square and Rawmat HDB Type PP buried in new clay

Case Study: Bund Wall Upgrade & Cut-Off Trench Dig

Case Study: Membrane Installation to Wall & Trench

Case Study: Cellular Confinement filled with concrete

Case Study: Installation to Corners & Completion of Bund

Case Study: Installation of membrane beneath Jacked tank

Case Study: Lapping, Covering of Membrane

Case Study: Extension of Bund - Singapore

Case Study: Installation in Heat, Humidity, Heavy Rainfall

Case Study: Sludge Lagoon Reconstruction - Australia

Case Study: Installation, lapping, Rawgrid

Case Study: Covering, Consolidation, Examination

Case Study: Membrane unaffected, Installation continues,

Case Study: Installation Continues..

Case Study: Sludge Lagoons Reinstated & Operational

US State of Florida Dept of Environmental Protection

Unconditional Approval pp
Rawmat HDB - Prehydrated Bentonite Bund Floor & Berm Lining Under Tank Lining Use in Saline Environments No Need to Test Ground Conditions No Need to Flood Bund

Tank Storage Association g

Conference & Exhibition 22nd September 2011

Thank you for your attention Questions? To find out more, please visit our stand
Steve Flynn y Rawell Environmental Ltd