Thanks for downloading a sample plan

from Bplans.com
A sample plan is a great way to get started, but you cant just print
this plan out and turn it into the bank. Youre still going to have to put
in all your own information and do all of your own financial forecasts.
With LivePlan, you can easily use this sample as inspiration and create
your own plan, complete with financial tables and graphs. Youll also
be able to:

Save time with linked financial tables (the formulas are built in,
so you dont have to do the calculations!)
Benefit from tons of help, advice, and resources.
Present your plan with confidence, with automatic charts and
graphs corresponding to your financial data.
Work on your plan anywhere, on any computer.

For 20 dollars I ended up getting a quarter of a million dollars of

funding. Thats worth it!
Todd C. Tablegate
Click here to save 50% off the first month of LivePlan!

Cover Page

This sample business plan has been made available to users of Business Plan Pro, business
planning software published by Palo Alto Software. Names, locations and numbers may have been
changed, and substantial portions of text from the original plan may have been omitted to preserve
confidentiality and proprietary information.
You are welcome to use this plan as a starting point to create your own, but you do not have
permission to resell, reproduce, publish, distribute or even copy this plan as it exists here.
Requests for reprints, academic use, and other dissemination of this sample plan should be emailed
to the marketing department of Palo Alto Software at marketing@paloalto.com. For product
information visit our Website: www.paloalto.com or call: 1-800-229-7526.

Copyright Palo Alto Software, Inc., 1995-2009 All rights reserved.

Legal Page
Confidentiality Agreement
The undersigned reader acknowledges that the information provided by
_________________________ in this business plan is confidential; therefore, reader agrees not to
disclose it without the express written permission of _________________________.
It is acknowledged by reader that information to be furnished in this business plan is in all respects
confidential in nature, other than information which is in the public domain through other means
and that any disclosure or use of same by reader, may cause serious harm or damage to
_________________________.
Upon request, this document is to be immediately returned to _________________________.
___________________
Signature
___________________
Name (typed or printed)
___________________
Date

This is a business plan. It does not imply an offering of securities.

Table of Contents

1.0 Executive Summary...............................................................................................................................1

Chart: Highlights..................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Objectives..........................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Mission...............................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Keys to Success..................................................................................................................................2
2.0 Company Summary...............................................................................................................................2
2.1 Company Ownership.........................................................................................................................2
2.2 Start-up Summary..............................................................................................................................2
Table: Start-up Funding.......................................................................................................................3
Chart: Start-up......................................................................................................................................4
Table: Start-up.....................................................................................................................................4
3.0 Products..................................................................................................................................................4
4.0 Market Analysis Summary....................................................................................................................5
4.1 Market Segmentation.........................................................................................................................6
Table: Market Analysis........................................................................................................................6
Chart: Market Analysis (Pie)...............................................................................................................7
4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy.......................................................................................................7
4.3 Industry Analysis...............................................................................................................................7
4.3.1 Competition and Buying Patterns...............................................................................................8
5.0 Strategy and Implementation Summary.................................................................................................8
5.1 Competitive Edge...............................................................................................................................8
5.2 Marketing Strategy.............................................................................................................................9
5.3 Sales Strategy.....................................................................................................................................9
5.3.1 Sales Forecast..............................................................................................................................9
Chart: Sales Monthly.....................................................................................................................10
Chart: Sales by Year......................................................................................................................10
Table: Sales Forecast.....................................................................................................................11
5.4 Milestones........................................................................................................................................11
Table: Milestones...............................................................................................................................11
Chart: Milestones...............................................................................................................................11
6.0 Web Plan Summary.............................................................................................................................12
6.1 Website Marketing Strategy............................................................................................................12
6.2 Development Requirements.............................................................................................................12
7.0 Management Summary........................................................................................................................12
7.1 Personnel Plan..................................................................................................................................12
Table: Personnel.................................................................................................................................12
8.0 Financial Plan.......................................................................................................................................13
8.1 Important Assumptions....................................................................................................................13
Table: General Assumptions..............................................................................................................13
................................................................................................................................................................13
Table: Break-even Analysis...............................................................................................................14
Chart: Break-even Analysis...............................................................................................................14
8.3 Projected Profit and Loss.................................................................................................................15
Page 1

Table of Contents

Chart: Profit Monthly.........................................................................................................................15

Chart: Profit Yearly............................................................................................................................15
Chart: Gross Margin Monthly............................................................................................................16
Chart: Gross Margin Yearly...............................................................................................................16
Table: Profit and Loss........................................................................................................................17
................................................................................................................................................................17
Table: Cash Flow...............................................................................................................................18
Chart: Cash.........................................................................................................................................19
8.5 Projected Balance Sheet...................................................................................................................20
Table: Balance Sheet..........................................................................................................................20
8.6 Business Ratios................................................................................................................................20
Table: Ratios......................................................................................................................................21
Table: Sales Forecast...................................................................................................................................1
......................................................................................................................................................................1
Table: Personnel...........................................................................................................................................2
......................................................................................................................................................................2
Table: General Assumptions........................................................................................................................3
......................................................................................................................................................................3
Table: Profit and Loss..................................................................................................................................4
......................................................................................................................................................................4
Table: Cash Flow.........................................................................................................................................5
Table: Balance Sheet....................................................................................................................................6

Page 2

Sun Heat

1.0 Executive Summary

Sun Heat is a start-up company registered in California offering solar home water heating
systems lead by Sara Clark.
The Market
The market for solar heating is huge in Southern California where they get over 245 days of sun
a year. Sun Heat has identified two distinct market segments that they will market their
products to. The first segment is the DIY segment of individuals. The second segment is people
that will utilize a skilled installer to have the system implemented at their home. The DIY
segment has an annual growth rate of 9% and 3.9 million potential customers. The professional
install market has a 8% annual growth rate and 2.7 million possible customers.
The Products
Sun Heat will sell two different versions of a solar home water heating system: a do-it-yourself
system and a unit installed by a licensed installer. Both groups are cost conscious and
environmentally aware.
Sun Heat's system can save the individual family from 70%-90% of the total amount spent on
the electricity used for heating water.
Management
Sun Heat is being lead by Sara Clark who has the education and experience to execute on this
proven business model. Sara has an undergraduate degree in environmental studies and
Masters degrees in engineering and business administration. Sales are forecasted to grow
substantially in year two and year three. Net profit will be correspondingly growing for years
two and three.
Chart: Highlights

Highlights
$500,000

$400,000

Sales

$300,000

Gross Margin
$200,000

Net Profit

$100,000

$0

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Page 1

Sun Heat

1.1 Objectives

To become the premier manufacturer of solar based water heating systems.

To quickly gain market penetration within the first three years.
To develop a customer-centric organization based on cutting edge technology.

1.2 Mission
Sun Heat's mission is to become the premier solar water heater company offering the highest
quality products and customer service while saving customers money and making positive
contributions to our environment.
1.3 Keys to Success
Sun Heat has identified three keys to success that help the company grow into a mature market
leader:

Providing cutting edge, reliable, and simple-to-install and maintain solar water heating
systems.
Broadening the market of solar heating into a mainstream energy source.
Designing and implementing strict financial controls.

2.0 Company Summary

Sun Heat has been formed as a California registered Corporation. The main shareholder is Sara
Clark.
2.1 Company Ownership
Sun Heat has been established as a CA corporation. The main shareholder is Sara Clark,
Founder and President.
2.2 Start-up Summary
Sun Heat will require the following items for start up of the business:

Computer system- the required components of this system include seven terminals, four
laster printers, one central server, broadband Internet connections, and Microsoft Office for
all computers, two ACT! licenses, and two QuickBooks Pro licenses.
Laptop computer and LCD projector.
Website development.
Office furniture including desks, cabinets and chairs for seven stations.
Waiting room furniture.
Eight extension telephone system including a hardware-based voice mail system.
Three large white boards.
Sales room promotional displays.
Fax machine and copier.
Racks and shelving for the warehouse.
Forklift.

Page 2

Sun Heat

Table: Start-up Funding

Start-up Funding
Start-up Expenses to Fund
Start-up Assets to Fund
Total Funding Required

$9,000
$156,000
$165,000

Assets
Non-cash Assets from Start-up
Cash Requirements from Start-up
Additional Cash Raised
Cash Balance on Starting Date
Total Assets

$62,000
$94,000
$0
$94,000
$156,000

Liabilities and Capital

Liabilities
Current Borrowing
Long-term Liabilities
Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills)
Other Current Liabilities (interest-free)
Total Liabilities

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Capital
Planned Investment
Investor 1
Investor 2
Other
Additional Investment Requirement
Total Planned Investment

$60,000
$55,000
$50,000
$0
$165,000

Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses)

Total Capital

($9,000)
$156,000

Total Capital and Liabilities

$156,000

Total Funding

$165,000

Page 3

Sun Heat

Chart: Start-up

Start-up

$160,000
$140,000
$120,000
$100,000
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$0
Expenses

Assets

Investment

Loans

Table: Start-up
Start-up
Requirements
Start-up Expenses
Legal
Stationery etc.
Brochures
Consultants
Insurance
Total Start-up Expenses

$4,000
$1,000
$1,000
$2,000
$1,000
$9,000

Start-up Assets
Cash Required
Other Current Assets
Long-term Assets
Total Assets

$94,000
$0
$62,000
$156,000

Total Requirements

$165,000

3.0 Products
Sun Heat will sell two versions of a solar home water heating system. One will be a unit sold as
a do-it-yourself model. The second model is sold as a unit to be installed by a licensed installer.
By providing two models, Sun Heat will appeal to two different customer segments, one that
likes the challenge of projects and has the skills to execute the plans, and people who desire a
solar heating system but have no desire or skills to install it themselves.
The sun is the planet's most powerful source of energy and also the most unused source of
energy by humans. Solar power is a clean, environmentally friendly source of energy. It is

Page 4

Sun Heat

renewable meaning it is impossible to consume the energy at a faster rate than it takes to
replenish it for future users. There are no toxic by products or emissions. Sun Heat is an
effective system that harnesses the sun's energy for family water heating needs.
Solar water heating systems are in high demand. Typically 30%-40% of a family's electricity bill
is devoted to devoted water. Sun Heat's system can save the individual family from 70%-90%
of the total amount spent on the electricity used for heating water. The system generally meets
all of the summer time heating needs. During times of decreased sunlight, the system will
preheat the water then bring it up to temperature by the conventional water heating system all
ready in place.
The Sun Heat system is designed for single family dwellings. The Sun Heat system consists of a
solar collector, a large storage container, a pump, and different valves throughout the system.
This system is an open loop set up. The plumbing from the storage tank to the collectors is
affected by city water pressure, it is "on the grid." A closed system would not be connected to
city water and heat exchangers would be needed, increasing complexity and cost while
decreasing efficiency.
Usually solar collectors or solar panels are located on the roof of the house. To get the full
benefit of a solar heater there must be an area available that has sufficient exposure to the
sun. The facing angle may be in any direction within 30 degrees of due south. The panels have
insulated tubes within the collectors that heat the water. A pump moves hot water from the
collectors to the storage tank and moves cold water into the collectors for heating. Several
valves are used as safeguards within the system. A pressure and temperature relief valve is
located near the steam vent. If a system or power failure occurs this valve protects
against overheating inside the solar panels which could cause damage. Safety relief valves are
located throughout the system to protect it should other components fail.
Sun Heat's products are manufactured by a large industry supplier and shipped to the Sun Heat
factory for partial assembly. With this procurement/manufacturing method, Sun Heat is able to
minimize large capital expenditures for manufacturing while being able to offer high quality
products.
Sun Heat provides a five year warranty on their products against manufacturer's defects. Five
years is the industry standard. Additionally, Sun Heat will require all of their licensed installers
to offer a 18 month warranty on the installation labor. This requirement ensures that Sun Heat
products are installed properly and minimizes the risk of decreasing brand equity due to faulty
installation.
4.0 Market Analysis Summary
Sun Heat has identified two distinct market segments for marketing their products. The first
segment is the "DIY" segment of handy individuals. The second is the "Convenience" segment
that will utilize a skilled installer to have the system installed at their home. The solar water
heating industry is reasonably diverse. There are some companies that sell kits that must be
assembled and then installed by the individual. There are other companies that only sell
professional installed systems. Some companies sell solar water heaters specifically for
swimming pools, others market their products for households.

Page 5

Sun Heat

4.1 Market Segmentation

Sun Heat has identified two market segments to target.
DIY
These people do a lot of repairs and upgrades on their home. They have lots of building and
repair skills and like to tackle projects while learning new skills. This customer segment has a
variety of motivations for do-it-yourself work. One motivation is saving money. Another is the
satisfaction of completing the project on their own. Additionally, customizing the project may be
appealing. Some demographic information of this group includes:

Age 29-56.
Primarily male.
Married with at least one child at home.
Household income ranges from $50,000-$80,000.
73% have an undergraduate degree.
Undertake at least one project every three months.
Spend $250-$3000 per year on assorted projects at home stores such as Lowes or Home
Depot.

Convenience
This segment is looking for the advantages of a solar based water heating system without the
challenge of installation. They appreciate the value of the solar heating system. This group
recognizes the environmental and/or economic benefits of solar water heating and will choose a
professional installer. Demographic information is as follows:

Ages 35-65.
Married with at least one child at home.
Household incomes of $62,000-$110,000.
79% have an undergraduate degree.
27% have a graduate degree or post undergraduate coursework.
Have paid a contractor to carry out at least one home improvement project within the last
12 months.

Market Channels
Sun Heat will be be sold through several channels:

DIY Retailers: This channel purchases Sun Heat products in quantity and then resells them
to individuals to install.

Professional Installers: This channel is comprised of approved Sun Heat installers.

Table: Market Analysis

Market Analysis
Potential Customers

Growth

DIY
Convenience
Total

9%
8%
8.59%

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

3,968,987
2,789,254
6,758,241

4,326,196
3,012,394
7,338,590

4,715,554
3,253,386
7,968,940

5,139,954
3,513,657
8,653,611

5,602,550
3,794,750
9,397,300

CAGR
9.00%
8.00%
8.59%

Page 6

Sun Heat

Chart: Market Analysis (Pie)

Market Analysis (Pie)

DIY
Convenience

4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy

Sun Heat has decided to concentrate on these two market segments for several reasons. One
reason is the lack of high quality products currently available to the DIY crowd. Another is the
sheer size of the do-it-yourself market. This segment participates within the $23 billion DIY
home improvement market and within the last six years has grown at double digit rates
largely fueled by the Internet making information available to assist do-it-yourselfers in
completing home improvement projects. The increase in size and activity within the available
market makes it particularly attractive.
The new wave of environmentalism provides another reason of targeting these two market
segments. More and more people want to reduce their negative impact on the environment and
solar hot water heating is an easy and economical way to do it.
4.3 Industry Analysis
The industry is composed of many different manufacturers of solar water heating components
and systems. Some companies operate serving the industrial market, others serve the
residential market. There are several companies that make components they sell to different
assemblers. There are other companies that make all the components for their systems inhouse. Some solar heating systems are complex using computers to make adjustments such as
the angle of the collectors based on the sun's position. Others systems are quite basic. It is
interesting to note that almost no one competes within different markets, each company has
chosen a different niche and sticks with that one alone. To be noted in section 5.1 is part of Sun
Heat's competitive edge, serving two markets. This makes perfect sense since the products for
the two markets are quite similar.

Page 7

Sun Heat

4.3.1 Competition and Buying Patterns

Sun Heat has several competitors. Its main competition comes from:

Mega Sun: This is a Helioakami company. Their products are good but because they are
made in the EU (Greece) shipping and manufacturing costs make their prices less
competitive.

Solar Energy Systems: This company, based in CA manufactures very basic, do-ityourself systems. Their products are noticeably cheaper but are of poor quality with
few features.

Shell Solar: This is a high end manufacturer pioneering the use of copper to increase
efficiency. While their product is more efficient, the cost of copper makes their products too
expensive for much of Sun Heat's target market.

Imagination Solar: A simple but inefficient DIY system.

Go Solar Company: This company currently manufactures solar electric systems but will
be releasing a solar water heating system within the next 11 months.

The buying patterns of customers is as follows:

DIY: These customers will typically go into a Lowes or Home Depot and solicit the advice of
the floor sales agents.

Professional Installs: These customers typically rely on word of mouth or advice from
their contractors.

5.0 Strategy and Implementation Summary

Sun Heat has two competitive edges to gain market penetration. The first is the ability to serve
both the DIY and the professional install market. No competitors do that. The quality of Sun
Heat's systems will also allow the company to expand market penetration. Marketing will be
focused on education about the environmental and economic benefits of installing a solar water
heating system
5.1 Competitive Edge
Sun Heat has two competitive edges that will distinguish them from the competition. First, Sun
serves both the DIY market and the professional install market. This is a competitive edge
because Sun Heat can reconfigure one product for both market segments, immediately
increasing the number of potential customers, at minimal costs to Sun Heat. The equipment is
the same with minor changes to packaging and installation instructions. The DIY system will
also include some tools.
The second competitive edge, related to the first is the benchmark level of product quality for
the DIY customers. By serving the two markets and meeting the need of a high quality product
for professional install segment, Sun Heat is able to then offer the same high quality product to

Page 8

Sun Heat

the DIY segment. Currently, Sun Heat competitors only offer DIYers very basic models whose
quality does not approach Sun Heat's.
5.2 Marketing Strategy
Sun Heat's marketing campaign focuses on raising awareness about the environmental and
economic benefits of having a solar-based water heating system. Environmental benefits
include using a renewable resource and no toxic discharge or emissions, thus allowing
individuals to make serious commitments to the Earth. Customers will also enjoy the economic
savings afforded by a solar water heating system.
Sun Heat's marketing will focus on advertising and trade shows. In each of these venues they
will target the DIY and professional install markets along with retailers carrying Sun Heat
products. In addition, Sun Heat will develop relationships with utilities in an attempt to offer
rebates or other financial incentives for utility customers using the alternative energy source.
5.3 Sales Strategy
The two-part sales strategy addresses each customer segment. As mentioned in the previous
section, to reach the DIY segment, Sun Heat will work with retailers selling DIY units to inform
them about the product and its superiority to the competition. Retailers sell the DIY units, it is
important to have good relationships with them and to support them with as much information
and resources as possible.
Sun Heat is in the process of developing a licensing program to address the professional install
market segment. This program includes product information, installation training and
certification of installers. The licensing program is the foundation of the relationship between
installers and Sun Heat. To support this relationship, Sun Heat assigns each installer an account
executive for technical support. By offering this unmatched assistance, installers will more
readily recommend Sun Heat, thereby driving sales.
For the professional install market, participation in trade shows will be the first step in the
relationship between Sun Heat and the installer. In order to develop a strong network of
installers, Sun Heat will offer an excellent margin system to installers using Sun Heat units. The
margin will be similar to the margin that Sun Heat offers the DIY retailers, so for every sale that
the installer makes, he makes a commission as well as revenue from the installation. This
system provides the installer with an incentive to recommend Sun Heat over the
competition. Installers will be sold the product on credit with enough time for them to collect
from their customer before paying Sun Heat. Promotions will be used to help generate sales
and will typically occur during the trade shows, giving Sun Heat an opportunity when they are
face to face with the installer. High quality sales literature will be passed out to each customer
segment illustrating the superior quality of Sun Heat products.
5.3.1 Sales Forecast
As a start up organization, sales will increase in a slow but steady fashion. Sun Heat has
adopted a conservative sales forecast to increase the likelihood of reaching the goals. Please
review the following table which provides detailed sales information by month for the first year
and yearly forecasts for the following two years. Following the table are two graphs, one for
sales by month, the other is sales by year.

Page 9

Sun Heat

Chart: Sales Monthly

Sales Monthly
$30,000
$27,000
$24,000
$21,000
$18,000

Professional install

$15,000

DIY

$12,000
$9,000
$6,000
$3,000
Month 12

Month 11

Month 10

Month 9

Month 8

Month 7

Month 6

Month 5

Month 4

Month 3

Month 2

Month 1

$0

Chart: Sales by Year

Sales by Year

$500,000

$400,000

Professional install

$300,000

DIY
$200,000

$100,000

$0
Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Page 10

Sun Heat

Table: Sales Forecast

Sales Forecast
Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Professional install
DIY
Total Sales

$131,573
$108,736
$240,309

$216,025
$187,942
$403,967

$279,887
$243,502
$523,389

Direct Cost of Sales

Professional install
DIY
Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales

Year 1
$59,208
$48,931
$108,139

Year 2
$97,211
$84,574
$181,785

Year 3
$125,949
$109,576
$235,525

Sales

5.4 Milestones
Sun Heat has several milestones to use as goals for the organization. The following table details
the pertinent information.
Table: Milestones
Milestones
Milestone
Completion of business plan
First large DIY contract
Revenue exceeding $200K
Profitability
Totals

Start Date
1/1/2003
1/1/2003
1/1/2003
1/1/2003

End Date
1/15/2003
4/30/2003
11/1/2003
3/1/2004

Budget
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0

Manager
Sara
Sales
Sales
Sara

Department
Marketing
Department
Department
Department

Chart: Milestones

Milestones

Completion of business plan

First large DIY contract

Revenue exceeding $200K

Profitability

Q1 `03

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 `04

Page 11

Sun Heat

6.0 Web Plan Summary

Sun Heat will create a website to distribute product information. This will be an efficient source
of disbursement since once the site is complete, maintenance costs are low and the site can
serve a large number of potential users. The site also will be a source of technical information
for current owners Sun Heat units.
6.1 Website Marketing Strategy
The marketing and sales department will be instructed to rely heavily on the website as a
clearinghouse for information about Sun Heat products. Energy saving estimates, technical
requirements, installations guidelines as well as product comparisons will be available. All
printed materials will refer to the website as an information source. Sun Heat recognizes the
value of the website and will promote it accordingly.
6.2 Development Requirements
Sun Heat has identified a programmer (after reviewing their portfolio) who has the time,
technical skills, and artistic vision to create Sun Heat's site. The site will take four to six weeks
to complete and then require bi-monthly updates.
7.0 Management Summary
Sara Clark will lead Sun Heat. Sara has undergraduate degrees in environmental studies and
Masters in engineering and business administration. While pursuing this degree, Sara worked
with a photovoltaic manufacturer, she worked on a team and took an idea of a solar panel for
charging cellular batteries from the conceptual stage to the sales stage.
7.1 Personnel Plan

Sara: product design, component procurement, business development, marketing/sales,

high level accounting.
Sales (2): set up licensing program, installer support, retail resellers sales and support, as
well as direct sales.
Warehouse (2): inventory, sales fulfillment.
Customer support (1): all aspects of customer service.
Bookkeeper (1): this person will be responsible for accounts payable/receivable as well as
some HR functions.

Table: Personnel
Personnel Plan
Sara
Sales
Sales
Warehouse
Warehouse
Customer service
Bookkeeper/ HR
Total People
Total Payroll

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

$24,000
$22,000
$18,000
$14,300
$11,700
$13,000
$15,400
7

$30,000
$24,000
$24,000
$15,600
$15,600
$15,600
$16,800
7

$36,000
$26,000
$26,000
$15,600
$15,600
$15,600
$16,800
7

$118,400

$141,600

$151,600

Page 12

Sun Heat

8.0 Financial Plan

The following sections will outline important financial information.
8.1 Important Assumptions
The following table details important Financial Assumptions.
Table: General Assumptions
General Assumptions
Plan Month
Current Interest Rate
Long-term Interest Rate
Tax Rate
Other

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

1
10.00%
10.00%
30.00%
0

2
10.00%
10.00%
30.00%
0

3
10.00%
10.00%
30.00%
0

Page 13

Sun Heat

8.2 Break-even Analysis

The Break-even Analysis indicates what will be needed in monthly revenue to reach the breakeven point.
Table: Break-even Analysis
Break-even Analysis
Monthly Revenue Break-even

$29,872

Assumptions:
Average Percent Variable Cost
Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost

45%
$16,430

Chart: Break-even Analysis

Break-even Analysis
$12,000
$9,000
$6,000
$3,000
$0
($3,000)
($6,000)
($9,000)
($12,000)
($15,000)
$0
$5,000

$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$15,000
$25,000
$35,000
$45,000
$55,000

Page 14

Sun Heat

8.3 Projected Profit and Loss

The following table will indicate Projected Profit and Loss.
Chart: Profit Monthly

Profit Monthly
$0
($2,000)
($4,000)
($6,000)
($8,000)
($10,000)
($12,000)
Month 1
Month 3
Month 5
Month 7
Month 9
Month 11
Month 2
Month 4
Month 6
Month 8
Month 10
Month 12

Chart: Profit Yearly

Profit Yearly

$40,000
$20,000
$0
($20,000)
($40,000)
($60,000)
Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Page 15

Sun Heat

Chart: Gross Margin Monthly

Gross Margin Monthly

$16,000
$14,000
$12,000
$10,000
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
$0
Month 1
Month 3
Month 5
Month 7
Month 9
Month 11
Month 2
Month 4
Month 6
Month 8
Month 10
Month 12

Chart: Gross Margin Yearly

Gross Margin Yearly

$300,000
$270,000
$240,000
$210,000
$180,000
$150,000
$120,000
$90,000
$60,000
$30,000
$0
Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Page 16

Sun Heat

Table: Profit and Loss

Pro Forma Profit and Loss
Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Sales
Direct Cost of Sales
Other Costs of Goods
Total Cost of Sales

$240,309
$108,139
$0
$108,139

$403,967
$181,785
$0
$181,785

$523,389
$235,525
$0
$235,525

Gross Margin
Gross Margin %

$132,170
55.00%

$222,182
55.00%

$287,864
55.00%

Payroll
Sales and Marketing and Other Expenses
Depreciation
Rent
Utilities
Insurance
Payroll Taxes
Other

$118,400
$5,400
$12,396
$24,000
$9,000
$7,800
$17,760
$2,400

$141,600
$5,400
$1,033
$25,000
$750
$7,800
$21,240
$2,400

$151,600
$5,400
$1,033
$26,000
$750
$7,800
$22,740
$2,400

Total Operating Expenses

$197,156

$205,223

$217,723

Profit Before Interest and Taxes

EBITDA
Interest Expense
Taxes Incurred

($64,986)
($52,590)
$0
$0

$16,959
$17,992
$0
$5,088

$70,141
$71,174
$0
$21,042

Net Profit
Net Profit/Sales

($64,986)
-27.04%

$11,871
2.94%

$49,099
9.38%

Expenses

Page 17

Sun Heat

8.4 Projected Cash Flow

The following chart and table will indicate Projected Cash Flow.
Table: Cash Flow
Pro Forma Cash Flow
Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

$60,077
$136,262
$196,340

$100,992
$273,031
$374,022

$130,847
$370,691
$501,538

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$196,340

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$374,022

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$501,538

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

$118,400
$155,929
$274,329

$141,600
$247,529
$389,129

$151,600
$315,723
$467,323

Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out

Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing
Other Liabilities Principal Repayment
Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment
Purchase Other Current Assets
Purchase Long-term Assets
Dividends
Subtotal Cash Spent

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$274,329

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$389,129

$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$467,323

Net Cash Flow

Cash Balance

($77,989)
$16,011

($15,107)
$904

$34,215
$35,119

Cash Received
Cash from Operations
Cash Sales
Cash from Receivables
Subtotal Cash from Operations
Additional Cash Received
Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received
New Current Borrowing
New Other Liabilities (interest-free)
New Long-term Liabilities
Sales of Other Current Assets
Sales of Long-term Assets
New Investment Received
Subtotal Cash Received
Expenditures
Expenditures from Operations
Cash Spending
Bill Payments
Subtotal Spent on Operations
Additional Cash Spent

Page 18

Sun Heat

Chart: Cash

Cash
$100,000
$80,000
$60,000

Net Cash Flow

$40,000

Cash Balance

$20,000

Month 12

Month 11

Month 10

Month 9

Month 8

Month 7

Month 6

Month 5

Month 4

Month 3

Month 2

Month 1

$0

Page 19

Sun Heat

8.5 Projected Balance Sheet

The following table will indicate the Projected Balance Sheet.
Table: Balance Sheet
Pro Forma Balance Sheet
Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

$16,011
$43,969
$0
$59,980

$904
$73,914
$0
$74,818

$35,119
$95,765
$0
$130,883

$62,000
$12,396
$49,604
$109,584

$62,000
$13,429
$48,571
$123,389

$62,000
$14,462
$47,538
$178,421

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Accounts Payable
Current Borrowing
Other Current Liabilities
Subtotal Current Liabilities

$18,570
$0
$0
$18,570

$20,504
$0
$0
$20,504

$26,438
$0
$0
$26,438

Long-term Liabilities
Total Liabilities

$0
$18,570

$0
$20,504

$0
$26,438

$165,000
($9,000)
($64,986)
$91,014
$109,584

$165,000
($73,986)
$11,871
$102,885
$123,389

$165,000
($62,115)
$49,099
$151,984
$178,421

$91,014

$102,885

$151,984

Assets
Current Assets
Cash
Accounts Receivable
Other Current Assets
Total Current Assets
Long-term Assets
Long-term Assets
Accumulated Depreciation
Total Long-term Assets
Total Assets
Liabilities and Capital
Current Liabilities

Paid-in Capital
Retained Earnings
Earnings
Total Capital
Total Liabilities and Capital
Net Worth

8.6 Business Ratios

The following table details important Business Ratios specific to Sun Heat as well as industry
ratios for the Other Electric Power Generation industry, NAICS code 221119.

Page 20

Sun Heat

Table: Ratios
Ratio Analysis
Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Industry Profile

n.a.

68.10%

29.56%

10.72%

Accounts Receivable
Other Current Assets
Total Current Assets
Long-term Assets
Total Assets

40.12%
0.00%
54.73%
45.27%
100.00%

59.90%
0.00%
60.64%
39.36%
100.00%

53.67%
0.00%
73.36%
26.64%
100.00%

10.41%
40.72%
51.79%
48.21%
100.00%

Current Liabilities
Long-term Liabilities
Total Liabilities
Net Worth

16.95%
0.00%
16.95%
83.05%

16.62%
0.00%
16.62%
83.38%

14.82%
0.00%
14.82%
85.18%

12.65%
40.12%
52.77%
47.23%

100.00%
55.00%
82.04%
0.00%
-27.04%

100.00%
55.00%
52.06%
0.00%
4.20%

100.00%
55.00%
45.62%
0.00%
13.40%

100.00%
47.48%
13.69%
0.03%
9.26%

3.23
3.23
16.95%
-71.40%
-59.30%

3.65
3.65
16.62%
16.48%
13.74%

4.95
4.95
14.82%
46.15%
39.31%

2.10
1.69
60.03%
7.72%
19.31%

Sales Growth
Percent of Total Assets

Percent of Sales
Sales
Gross Margin
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses
Advertising Expenses
Profit Before Interest and Taxes
Main Ratios
Current
Quick
Total Debt to Total Assets
Pre-tax Return on Net Worth
Pre-tax Return on Assets
Additional Ratios

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Net Profit Margin

Return on Equity

-27.04%
-71.40%

2.94%
11.54%

9.38%
32.31%

n.a
n.a

4.10
56
9.40
27
2.19

4.10
71
12.17
29
3.27

4.10
79
12.17
27
2.93

n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a

0.20
1.00

0.20
1.00

0.17
1.00

n.a
n.a

$41,410
0.00

$54,314
0.00

$104,446
0.00

n.a
n.a

0.46
17%
0.86
2.64
0.00

0.31
17%
0.04
3.93
0.00

0.34
15%
1.33
3.44
0.00

n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a

Activity Ratios
Accounts Receivable Turnover
Collection Days
Accounts Payable Turnover
Payment Days
Total Asset Turnover
Debt Ratios
Debt to Net Worth
Current Liab. to Liab.
Liquidity Ratios
Net Working Capital
Interest Coverage
Additional Ratios
Assets to Sales
Current Debt/Total Assets
Acid Test
Sales/Net Worth
Dividend Payout

Page 21

Appendix
Table: Sales Forecast

Sales Forecast
Month 1

Month 2

Month 3

Month 4

Month 5

Month 6

Month 7

Month 8

Month 9

Month 10

Month 11

Month 12

$15,655
$13,620
$29,275

$15,878
$13,814
$29,692

$16,002
$13,922
$29,924

Month 10

Month 11

Month 12

Sales
Professional install
DIY
Total Sales
Direct Cost of Sales

0%
0%

$0
$0
$0
Month 1

$0
$0
$0
Month 2

$6,589
$0
$6,589

$9,854
$8,573
$18,427

$11,454
$9,965
$21,419

$13,545
$11,784
$25,329

$13,989
$12,170
$26,159

$14,022
$12,199
$26,221

$14,585
$12,689
$27,274

Month 3

Month 4

Month 5

Month 6

Month 7

Month 8

Month 9

Professional install

$0

$0

$2,965

$4,434

$5,154

$6,095

$6,295

$6,310

$6,563

$7,045

$7,145

DIY

$0

$0

$0

$3,858

$4,484

$5,303

$5,477

$5,490

$5,710

$6,129

$6,216

$6,265

Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales

$0

$0

$2,965

$8,292

$9,639

$11,398

$11,772

$11,800

$12,273

$13,174

$13,361

$13,466

$7,201

Page 1

Appendix
Table: Personnel

Personnel Plan

Sara
Sales
Sales
Warehouse
Warehouse
Customer service
Bookkeeper/ HR
Total People
Total Payroll

0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

Month 1

Month 2

Month 3

Month 4

Month 5

Month 6

Month 7

Month 8

Month 9

$2,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
1

$2,000
$2,000
$0
$1,300
$0
$0
$1,400
4

$2,000
$2,000
$0
$1,300
$0
$1,300
$1,400
5

$2,000
$2,000
$2,000
$1,300
$1,300
$1,300
$1,400
7

$2,000
$2,000
$2,000
$1,300
$1,300
$1,300
$1,400
7

$2,000
$2,000
$2,000
$1,300
$1,300
$1,300
$1,400
7

$2,000
$2,000
$2,000
$1,300
$1,300
$1,300
$1,400
7

$2,000
$2,000
$2,000
$1,300
$1,300
$1,300
$1,400
7

$2,000
$2,000
$2,000
$1,300
$1,300
$1,300
$1,400
7

$2,000

$6,700

$8,000

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

Month
10
$2,000
$2,000
$2,000
$1,300
$1,300
$1,300
$1,400
7
$11,300

Month
11
$2,000
$2,000
$2,000
$1,300
$1,300
$1,300
$1,400
7
$11,300

Month
12
$2,000
$2,000
$2,000
$1,300
$1,300
$1,300
$1,400
7
$11,300

Page 2

Appendix
Table: General Assumptions

General Assumptions
Plan Month

Month 1

Month 2

Month 3

Month 4

Month 5

Month 6

Month 7

Month 8

Month 9

Month 10

Month 11

10

11

Month 12
12

Current Interest Rate

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

Long-term Interest
Rate
Tax Rate

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

10.00%

30.00%

30.00%

30.00%

30.00%

30.00%

30.00%

30.00%

30.00%

30.00%

30.00%

30.00%

30.00%

Other

Page 3

Appendix
Table: Profit and Loss
Pro Forma Profit and
Loss
Month 10

Month 11

Month 12

Sales

Month 1
$0

$0

$6,589

$18,427

$21,419

$25,329

$26,159

$26,221

$27,274

$29,275

$29,692

$29,924

Direct Cost of Sales

$0

$0

$2,965

$8,292

$9,639

$11,398

$11,772

$11,800

$12,273

$13,174

$13,361

$13,466

Other Costs of Goods

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

Total Cost of Sales

$0

$0

$2,965

$8,292

$9,639

$11,398

$11,772

$11,800

$12,273

$13,174

$13,361

$13,466

Gross Margin
Gross Margin %

Month 2

Month 3

Month 4

Month 5

Month 6

Month 7

Month 8

Month 9

$0

$0

$3,624

$10,135

$11,780

$13,931

$14,388

$14,422

$15,001

$16,101

$16,331

$16,458

0.00%

0.00%

55.00%

55.00%

55.00%

55.00%

55.00%

55.00%

55.00%

55.00%

55.00%

55.00%

$2,000

Expenses
Payroll

$6,700

$8,000

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

Sales and Marketing and

Other Expenses
Depreciation

$450

$450

$450

$450

$450

$450

$450

$450

$450

$450

$450

$450

$1,033

$1,033

$1,033

$1,033

$1,033

$1,033

$1,033

$1,033

$1,033

$1,033

$1,033

$1,033

Rent

$2,000

$2,000

$2,000

$2,000

$2,000

$2,000

$2,000

$2,000

$2,000

$2,000

$2,000

$2,000

Utilities

$750

$750

$750

$750

$750

$750

$750

$750

$750

$750

$750

$750

Insurance

$650

$650

$650

$650

$650

$650

$650

$650

$650

$650

$650

$650

$300
$200

$1,005
$200

$1,200
$200

$1,695
$200

$1,695
$200

$1,695
$200

$1,695
$200

$1,695
$200

$1,695
$200

$1,695
$200

$1,695
$200

$1,695
$200

$7,383

$12,788

$14,283

$18,078

$18,078

$18,078

$18,078

$18,078

$18,078

$18,078

$18,078

$18,078

($7,383)

($12,788)

($10,659)

($7,943)

($6,298)

($4,147)

($3,690)

($3,656)

($3,077)

($1,977)

($1,747)

($1,620)

($6,350)

($11,755)

($9,626)

($6,910)

($5,265)

($3,114)

($2,657)

($2,623)

($2,044)

($944)

($714)

($587)

Payroll Taxes
Other
Total Operating
Expenses
Profit Before Interest and
Taxes
EBITDA

15%

Interest Expense

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

Taxes Incurred

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

Net Profit
Net Profit/Sales

($7,383)
0.00%

($12,788)
0.00%

($10,659)

($7,943)

($6,298)

($4,147)

($3,690)

($3,656)

($3,077)

($1,977)

($1,747)

($1,620)

-161.77%

-43.11%

-29.40%

-16.37%

-14.11%

-13.94%

-11.28%

-6.75%

-5.89%

-5.41%

Page 4

Appendix
Table: Cash Flow
Pro Forma Cash Flow
Month 1

Month 2

Month 3

Month 4

Month 5

Month 6

Month 7

Month 8

Month 9

Cash Received

Month
10

Month
11

Month
12

Cash from Operations

Cash Sales

$0

$0

$1,647

$4,607

$5,355

$6,332

$6,540

$6,555

$6,818

$7,319

$7,423

$7,481

Cash from Receivables

$0

$0

$0

$165

$5,238

$13,895

$16,162

$19,018

$19,621

$19,692

$20,505

$21,967

Subtotal Cash from Operations

$0

$0

$1,647

$4,771

$10,592

$20,227

$22,702

$25,573

$26,440

$27,011

$27,928

$29,447

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

$0
$0

New Other Liabilities (interestfree)

New Long-term Liabilities

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

Sales of Other Current Assets

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

Sales of Long-term Assets

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

New Investment Received

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

Subtotal Cash Received

$0

$0

$1,647

$4,771

$10,592

$20,227

$22,702

$25,573

$26,440

$27,011

$27,928

$29,447

Month 4

Additional Cash Received

Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received
New Current Borrowing

Expenditures

0.00%

Month 1

Month 2

Month 3

Month 5

Month 6

Month 7

Month 8

Month 9

Month
10

Month
11

Month
12

$2,000

$6,700

$8,000

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$11,300

$145

$4,374

$5,160

$8,409

$14,082

$15,442

$17,156

$17,518

$17,560

$18,048

$18,925

$19,110

$2,145

$11,074

$13,160

$19,709

$25,382

$26,742

$28,456

$28,818

$28,860

$29,348

$30,225

$30,410

Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

Principal Repayment of Current

Borrowing
Other Liabilities Principal
Repayment
Long-term Liabilities Principal
Repayment
Purchase Other Current Assets

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

Purchase Long-term Assets

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

Dividends

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$0

$2,145

$11,074

$13,160

$19,709

$25,382

$26,742

$28,456

$28,818

$28,860

$29,348

$30,225

$30,410

Expenditures from Operations

Cash Spending
Bill Payments
Subtotal Spent on Operations
Additional Cash Spent

Subtotal Cash Spent

Page 5

Appendix
Net Cash Flow

($2,145)

($11,074)

($11,513)

($14,938)

($14,790)

($6,515)

($5,754)

($3,245)

($2,421)

($2,337)

($2,296)

Cash Balance

$91,855

$80,782

$69,268

$54,331

$39,541

$33,026

$27,273

$24,028

$21,607

$19,270

$16,973

($962)
$16,011

Table: Balance Sheet

Pro Forma Balance Sheet
Month 1
Assets

Month 2

Month 3

Month 4

Month 5

Month 6

Month 7

Month 8

Month 9

Month
10

Month
11

Month
12

Starting
Balances

Current Assets
Cash
Accounts Receivable
Other Current Assets
Total Current Assets

$94,000
$0
$0
$94,000

$91,855
$0
$0
$91,855

$80,782
$0
$0
$80,782

$69,268
$4,942
$0
$74,210

$54,331
$18,597
$0
$72,928

$39,541
$29,424
$0
$68,965

$33,026
$34,526
$0
$67,552

$27,273
$37,983
$0
$65,256

$24,028
$38,631
$0
$62,659

$21,607
$39,466
$0
$61,073

$19,270
$41,730
$0
$60,999

$16,973
$43,493
$0
$60,466

$16,011
$43,969
$0
$59,980

$62,000
$1,033
$60,967
$152,822

$62,000
$2,066
$59,934
$140,716

$62,000
$3,099
$58,901
$133,111

$62,000
$4,132
$57,868
$130,796

$62,000
$5,165
$56,835
$125,800

$62,000
$6,198
$55,802
$123,354

$62,000
$7,231
$54,769
$120,025

$62,000
$8,264
$53,736
$116,395

$62,000
$9,297
$52,703
$113,776

$62,000
$10,330
$51,670
$112,669

$62,000
$11,363
$50,637
$111,103

$62,000
$12,396
$49,604
$109,584

Month 1

Month 2

Month 3

Month 4

Month 5

Month 6

Month 7

Month 8

Month 9

Month
10

Month
11

Month
12

Long-term Assets
Long-term Assets
Accumulated Depreciation
Total Long-term Assets
Total Assets

$62,000
$0
$62,000
$156,000

Liabilities and Capital

Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable
Current Borrowing
Other Current Liabilities
Subtotal Current Liabilities

$0
$0
$0
$0

$4,205
$0
$0
$4,205

$4,887
$0
$0
$4,887

$7,941
$0
$0
$7,941

$13,569
$0
$0
$13,569

$14,871
$0
$0
$14,871

$16,572
$0
$0
$16,572

$16,933
$0
$0
$16,933

$16,960
$0
$0
$16,960

$17,418
$0
$0
$17,418

$18,288
$0
$0
$18,288

$18,469
$0
$0
$18,469

$18,570
$0
$0
$18,570

Long-term Liabilities
Total Liabilities

$0
$0

$0
$4,205

$0
$4,887

$0
$7,941

$0
$13,569

$0
$14,871

$0
$16,572

$0
$16,933

$0
$16,960

$0
$17,418

$0
$18,288

$0
$18,469

$0
$18,570

Paid-in Capital
Retained Earnings
Earnings
Total Capital
Total Liabilities and Capital

$165,000
($9,000)
$0
$156,000
$156,000

$165,000
($9,000)
($7,383)
$148,617
$152,822

$165,000
($9,000)
($20,171)
$135,829
$140,716

$165,000
($9,000)
($30,830)
$125,170
$133,111

$165,000
($9,000)
($38,773)
$117,227
$130,796

$165,000
($9,000)
($45,071)
$110,929
$125,800

$165,000
($9,000)
($49,218)
$106,782
$123,354

$165,000
($9,000)
($52,908)
$103,092
$120,025

$165,000
($9,000)
($56,564)
$99,436
$116,395

$165,000
($9,000)
($59,642)
$96,358
$113,776

$165,000
($9,000)
($61,619)
$94,381
$112,669

$165,000
($9,000)
($63,366)
$92,634
$111,103

$165,000
($9,000)
($64,986)
$91,014
$109,584

Net Worth

$156,000

$148,617

$135,829

$125,170

$117,227

$110,929

$106,782

$103,092

$99,436

$96,358

$94,381

$92,634

$91,014

Page 6