DTMF BASED CELL PHONE OPERATED LAND ROVER

ABSTRACT You may have seen so many land rover projects like moon-walker and robo-vehicle. Most probably they are remote controlled (either IR or RF) or they may be automatic guided vehicles (AGV). This device is also remote controlled land rover but as a remote control one can use his cell phone that means he can move the land rover by sending different commands from his cell phone, not only that, he can control it from anywhere in the world (of course where GSM / CDMA network is available). Also this technology does not require the vehicle to be limited by the length of the cable or in direct line of sight with controller (as with infrared set up) and also well known BLUETOOTH is still expensive and short range to be commercially viable. We did a massive field work before starting this project and we found that this device provides a nice platform to be used in the field of surveillance, scientific research, and of course in search and rescue operation. Our device works with the help of some basic components like microcontroller (AT89S52), a DTMF decoder (which decodes dial tones A robot is a mechanical or virtual intelligent agent that can perform tasks automatically or with guidance, typically by remote control. In practice a robot is usually an electromechanical machine that is guided by 1.1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES received from the cell phone) and dc power supply. This device would have also worked with GPS technology but with the help of DTMF technology the cost has been cut down drastically. Keywords: GPS technology, DTMF decoder, GSM / CDMA network.

computer and electronic programming. Robots can be autonomous, semi-autonomous or remotely controlled. Robots range from

humanoids such as ASIMO and TOPIO to Nano robots, Swarm robots, industrial robots, mobile and servicing robots. By mimicking a lifelike appearance or automating movements,

a robot may convey a sense that it has intent or agency of its own. The branch of technology that deals with robots is robotics. Robot is fast gaining popularity in industries for a wide variety of uses. 1.General-purpose autonomous robots General-purpose autonomous robots can perform a variety of functions

They are used in different areas like: a).Car production b).Packaging c).Automated guided vehicles

3. Dirty, dangerous, dull or inaccessible tasks There are many jobs which humans would rather leave to robots. The job may be boring, such as domestic cleaning, or dangerous, such as exploring inside a volcano. Other jobs are physically inaccessible, such as exploring another planet, cleaning the inside of a long pipe, or performing laparoscopic surgery. 4.Military robots Military robots include the

independently. General-purpose autonomous robots typically can navigate independently in known spaces, handle their own re-charging needs, interface with electronic doors and elevators and perform other basic tasks. Like computers, general-purpose robots can link with networks, software and accessories that increase their usefulness. They may recognize people or objects, talk, provide companionship, monitor environmental quality, respond to alarms, pick up supplies and perform other useful tasks. General-purpose robots may perform a variety of functions simultaneously or they may take on different roles at different times of day. Some such robots try to mimic human beings and may even resemble people in appearance; this type of robot is called a humanoid robot. Humanoid robots are still in a very limited stage, as no humanoid robot, can, as of yet, actually navigate around a room that it has never been in. Thus humanoid robots are really quite limited, despite their intelligent behaviors in their well-known environments. 2.Factory robots Robotics at school has three main applications, Robotic kits, Virtual tutors, and teacher's assistants. 5.Schools SWORDS robot which is currently used in ground-based combat. It can use a variety of weapons and there is some discussion of giving it some degree of autonomy in battleground situations.

6. Healthcare Robots in healthcare have two main functions. Those which assist an

receiver and transmitter units. DTMF signaling is used for telephone signaling over the line in the voice-frequency band to the call switching centre. The version of DTMF used for telephone tone dialing is known as TouchTone. DTMF assigns a specific frequency (consisting of two separate tones) to each key

individual, such as a sufferer of a disease like

Multiple Sclerosis, and those which aid in the overall systems such as pharmacies and hospitals.

1.2 OBJECTIVE The main objective of our project is to control the robot by using cell phone and make it obey using DTMF technology. The objective of our project is to control the robot by mobile phone. In this project, the robot is controlled by a mobile phone that makes a call to the mobile phone attached to the robot. In the course of a call, if any button is pressed, a tone corresponding to the button pressed is heard at the other end of the call. This tone is called dual-tone multiple frequency (DTMF) tone. The robot perceives this DTMF tone

so that it can easily be identified by the electronic circuit. The signal generated by the DTMF encoder is a direct algebraic summation, in real time, of the amplitudes of two sine (cosine) waves of different frequencies, i.e., pressing 5 will send a tone made by adding 1336 Hz and 770 Hz to the other end of the mobile phone. 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF REPORT The first chapter of the report deals about robot importance, its popularity in using worldwide. In second chapter we have discussed about the block diagram of our project and through this we have tried to elaborate the working of our project by explaining the functions of different blocks. we have also explained DTMF technique with the datasheet attached at the end of the project. The chapter ends by estimating the cost of project and explaining about the advantages of the project. The third chapter deals totally with the hardware description of the project. In

with the help of the phone stacked in the robot. The received tone is processed by the ATmega16 microcontroller with the help of DTMF decoder MT8870. The decoder decodes the DTMF tone into its equivalent binary digit and this binary number is sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is pre programmed to take a decision for any given input and outputs its decision to motor drivers in order to drive the motors for forward or backward motion or a turn. The mobile that makes a call to the mobile phone stacked in the robot acts as a remote. So this simple robotic project does not require the construction of

these components of the power supply has been explained with complete circuit diagram. The microcontroller (ATmega16) which we have used in project has been completely described with labeled circuit diagram. DTMF decoder (cm8870) which is used in decoding the multiple dial tone frequency used by mobile phone is explained properly with circuit diagram. At the end of this chapter rectifier circuit has been explained which is used to convert Ac voltage to Dc one. In fourth chapter we have dealt with software description of our project. In this we have explained the program which is used to control the microcontroller. For explaining the program we have taken help of the flow chart which explains the entire process step by step. The procedure to write and execute the

Radio control (often abbreviated to R/C or simply RC) is the use of radio signals to remotely control a device. The term is sed frequently to refer to the control of model vehicles from a hand-held radio transmitter. Industrial, military, and scientific research organizations make [traffic] use of radiocontrolled vehicles as well. A remote control vehicle is defined as any mobile device that is controlled by a means that does not restrict its motion with an origin external to the device. This is often a radio control device, cable between control and vehicle, or an infrared controller. A remote control vehicle (Also called as RCV) differs from a robot in that the RCV is always controlled by a human and takes no positive action autonomously. One of the key technologies which underpin this field is that of remote vehicle control. It is vital that a vehicle should be capable of proceeding accurately to a target area;

program has been explained briefly. In fifth and final chapter result and conclusion has been given and also

maneuvering within that area to fulfill its mission and returning equally accurately and safely to base.

bibliography has been given. In this chapter one can find the name of various books and url addresses from where the idea of doing this project has generated.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION

2.2BLOCKDIAGRAM

in order to drive the motors for forward or backward motion or a turn. The mobile that makes a call to the mobile phone stacked in the robot acts as a remote. So this simple robotic project does not require the construction of receiver and transmitter units. DTMF signaling is used for telephone signaling over the line in the voice frequency band to the call switching center.

FIG 2.1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CELL PHONE OPERATED LAND ROVER

The version of DTMF used for telephone dialing is known as touch tone. DTMF assigns a specific frequency (consisting of two separate tones) to each key s that it can

2.3 WORKING OF THE PROJECT The method of project operation is given below. Makes call to the mobile phone (as receiver) attached to the robot. Now after answering the call, and in the course of the call, if any button is pressed control corresponding to the button pressed is heard at the other end of the call. This tone is called dual tone multi frequency tome (DTMF) robot receives this DTMF tone

easily be identified by the electronic circuit. The signal generated by the DTMF encoder is the direct algebraic submission, in real time of the amplitudes of two sine (cosine) waves of different frequencies, i.e pressing 5 will send a tone made by adding 1336 Hz and 770Hz to the other end of the mobile. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 3.1 INTRODUCTION The present chapter introduces the operation

with the help of phone stacked in the robot. The received tone isprocessed by the AT89S52 microcontroller with the help of DTMF decoder MT8870 the decoder decodes the DTMF tone in to its equivalent binary digit and this binary number is send to the microcontroller, the microcontroller is

of power supply circuits built using filters, rectifiers, and then voltage regulators. Starting with an ac voltage, a steady dc voltage is obtained by rectifying the ac voltage, then filtering to a dc level, and finally, regulating to obtain a desired fixed dc voltage. The regulation is usually obtained from an IC voltage regulator unit, which takes a dc voltage and provides a somewhat lower dc voltage,

preprogrammed to take a decision for any give input and outputs its decision to motor drivers

which remains the same even if the input dc voltage varies, or the output load connected to the dc voltage changes. Voltage regulators simple capacitor filter to produce a dc voltage. This resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple or ac voltage variation.

comprise a class of widely used ICs. Regulator IC units contain the circuitry for reference source, comparator amplifier, control device, and overload protection all in a single IC. Although the internal construction of the IC is somewhat different from that described for discrete voltage regulator circuits, the external operation is much the same. IC units provide regulation of either a fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative voltage, or an adjustably set voltage. A fixed three-terminal voltage regulator has an unregulated dc input voltage, Vi, applied to one input terminal, a regulated dc output voltage, Vo, from a second terminal, with the third terminal connected to ground.

A regulator circuit removes the ripples and also remains the same dc value even if the input dc voltage varies, or the load connected to the output dc voltage changes. This voltage regulation is usually obtained using one of the popular voltage regulator IC units \3.2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION A block diagram containing the parts of a typical power supply and the voltage at various points in the unit is shown in figure. The ac voltage, typically 120 V rms, is connected to a transformer, which steps that ac voltage down

3.2 POWER SUPPLY The ac voltage,

to the level for the desired dc output. A diode rectifier

typically 220V rms, is connected to a transformer, which steps that ac voltage down to the level of the desired dc output. A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified voltage that is initially filtered by a

then provides a full-wave rectified voltage that is initially filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce a dc voltage. This resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple or ac voltage variation. A regulator circuit can use this dc input to provide a dc voltage that not only has much less ripple voltage but

also remains the same dc value even if the input dc voltage varies somewhat, or the load connected to the output dc voltage changes. This voltage regulation is usually obtained using one of a number of popular voltage regulator IC units. 3.2.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE Transformer The potential transformer will step down the power supply voltage (0-230V) to (0-6V) level. Then the secondary of the potential

will allow current flow to pass through them; D4 and D2 are reverse biased and will block current flow. The path for current flow is from point B through D1, up through RL, through D3, through the secondary of the transformer back to point B. this path is indicated by the solid arrows. Waveforms (1) and (2) can be observed across D1 and D3. One-half cycle later the polarity across the secondary of the transformer reverse, forward biasing D2 and D4 and reverse biasing D1 and D3. Current flow will now be from point A through D4, up through RL, through D2, through the secondary of T1, and back to point A. This path is indicated by the broken arrows. Waveforms (3) and (4) can be observed across D2 and D4.

transformer will be connected to the precision rectifier, which is constructed with the help of opamp. The advantages of using precision rectifier are it will give peak voltage output as DC, rest of the circuits will give only RMS output. Bridge rectifier When four diodes are

The current flow through RL is always in the same direction. In flowing through RL this current develops a voltage corresponding to that shown waveform (5). Since current flows through the load (RL) during both half cycles of the applied voltage, this bridge rectifier is a full-wave rectifier. One advantage of a

connected as shown in figure, the circuit is called as bridge rectifier. The input to the circuit is applied to the diagonally opposite corners of the network, and the output is taken from the remaining two corners. Let us assume that the transformer is working properly and there is a positive potential, at point A and a negative potential at point B. the positive potential at point A will forward bias D3 and reverse bias D4. The negative potential at

bridge rectifier over a conventional full-wave rectifier is that with a given transformer the bridge rectifier produces a voltage output that is nearly twice that of the conventional fullwave circuit.

point B will forward bias D1 and reverse D2. At this time D3 and D1 are forward biased and

This may be shown by assigning values to some of the components shown in views A and B. assume that the same transformer is used in both circuits. The peak voltage developed between points X and y is 1000 volts in both circuits. In the conventional full-wave circuit shownin view A, the peak voltage from the center tap to either X or Y is 500 volts. Since only one diode can conduct at any instant, the maximum voltage that can be rectified at any instant is 500 volts. The maximum voltage that appears across the load resistor is nearly-but never exceeds-500 v0lts, as result of the small voltage drop across the diode. In the bridge rectifier shown in view B, the maximum voltage that can be rectified is the full secondary voltage, which is 1000 volts. Therefore, the peak output voltage across the load resistor is nearly 1000 volts. With both circuits using the same transformer, the bridge rectifier circuit

the internal construction of the IC is somewhat different from that described for discrete voltage regulator circuits, the external

operation is much the same. IC units provide regulation of either a fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative voltage, or an adjustably set voltage. A power supply can be built using a transformer connected to the ac supply line to step the ac voltage to a desired amplitude, then rectifying that ac voltage, filtering with a capacitor and RC filter, if desired, and finally regulating the dc voltage using an IC regulator. The regulators can be selected for operation with load currents from hundreds of milli amperes to tens of amperes, corresponding to power ratings from milliwatts to tens of watts. A fixed three-terminal voltage regulator has an unregulated dc input voltage, Vi, applied to one input terminal, a regulated dc output voltage, Vo, from a second terminal, with the third terminal connected to ground. The series 78 regulators provide fixed positive regulated voltages from 5 to 24 volts. Similarly, the series 79 regulators provide

produces a higher output voltage than the conventional full-wave rectifier circuit.

3.2.4 IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS: Voltage regulators comprise a class of widely used ICs. Regulator IC units contain the circuitry for reference source, comparator amplifier, control device, and overload protection all in a single IC. Although

fixed negative regulated voltages from 5 to 24 volts. For ICs, microcontroller, LCD --------5 volts For alarm circuit, op-amp, relay

circuits ---------- 12 volts

3.3 MICROCONTROLLER In our project microcontroller

3.3.2 PIN DIAGRAM

AT89S52 is used. Whose features and description is given below.

3.3.1 FEATURES

Compatible Products 8K Bytes

with

MCS-51

of

In-System Flash

Programmable Memory

(ISP)

4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz Three-level Program Memory Lock 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Full Duplex UART Serial The AT89S52 is a low-power, highperformance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory is compatible with the 3.3.3 DESCRIPTION

Channel Low-power Idle and Powerdown Modes Interrupt Recovery from Powerdown Mode Watchdog Timer Dual Data Pointer Power-off Flag

technology and

industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.

By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a

monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. Uses quartz resonators Adjustable times crystal or ceramic

acquisition

and

release

The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a sixvector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes.

18-pin DIP, 18-pin DIP EIAJ, 18-pin SOIC, 20-pin PLCC CM8870C Power down mode Inhibit mode Buffered OSC3 output (PLCC package only)

CM8870C is fully compatible with CM8870 for 18-pinDevices by grounding pins 5 and 6. .3.4.2 PIN DIAGRAM

The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.

3.4 DTMF DECODER (CM8870): 3.4.1 FEATURES 3.5 POSITIVE VOLTAGE REGULATORS (L7800) Less than 35mW power consumption Industrial temperature range

3.5.1 FEATURES: OUTPUT CURRENT TO 1.5A

3.6 RECTIFIER (1N4007)

3.6.1 FEATURES OUTPUT VOLTAGES OF 5; 5.2; 6; 8; 8.5; 9;12; 15; 18; 24V THERMAL PROTECTION OVERLOAD Diffused Junction High Current Capability and Low Forward Voltage Drop Surge Overload Rating to 30A Peak Low Reverse Leakage Current Lead Free Finish, RoHS Compliant

SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION

OUTPUT TRANSITION PROTECTION

SOA

3.5.2 DESCRIPTION The L7800 series of three-terminal positive regulators is available in TO-220, TO220FP,TO-3 and D2PAK packages and several fixed output voltages, making it useful in a wide range of applications. These regulators can provide local the on-card distribution regulation, problems

eliminating

associated with single point regulation.

Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut-down and safe area protection, making it essentially FIG.3.6:IN4007

indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltage and currents.

3.7. APPLICATIONS:

some of the same reasons. The exposure to hazards are mitigated to the person who

Scientific:

operates the vehicle from a location of relative safety.

Remote scientific

control uses

vehicles including

have

various

Remote controlled vehicles

are used

hazardous , of

by many police department bomb-squads to defuse or detonate explosives. See Dragon Runner, Military robot. Unmanned Aerial

environments, working in the deep ocean and space exploration. the probes to the system

The majority

Vehicles (UAVs) have undergone a dramatic evolution in capability in the past decade.

other planets in our solar

have been remote control vehicles,

Early UAV!s were capable of reconnaissance missions alone limited and then only with a

although some of the more recent ones were partially autonomous. The sophistication of these devices has fueled greater debate on the need for manned spaceflight and exploration. The Voyager I spacecraft is the first craft

range. Current

UAV!s can hover they are

around possible targets until positively identified before

releasing their

payload of weaponry Backpack sized UAV!s will provide ground troops with over the horizon surveillance capabilities.

of any kind to leave the solar system. The martian explorers Spirit and Opportunity

have provided continuous data about the surface of Mars since January 3, 2004. Search and Rescue:

Military and Law Enforcement:

UAVs will likely play an increased role in search and rescue in the United States. This

Military

usage

of

remotely

controlled

was demonstrated by the successful use of UAVs during the 2008 hurricanes that

military vehicles dates back to the first half of 20th century.

Soviet Red Army used

struck Louisiana and Texas.

remotely controlled Teletanks during 1930s in the Winter War and early stage of

Recreation and Hobby:

World War II. There were also remotely controlled cutters and experimental in the Red

See Radio-controlled model. Small scale remote control popular among vehicles have long been

remotely controlled planes

hobbyists. These remote

Army. Remote control vehicles are used in law enforcement and military engagements for

controlled vehicles span a wide range in

terms of price and sophistication. There are many types of radio controlled vehicles. These include on-road cars, off-road trucks, airplanes, and even helicopters. robots now popular in television boats, The shows

1.Alarm Phone Dialer: By replacing DTMF Decoder

ICCM8870

by a !DTMF Transceiver IC

CM8880, DTMF tones can be generated from the robot. So, a project called !Alarm Phone Dialer! can be built which will generate necessary alarms for something that is desired to be monitored (usually by triggering a relay). For example, a

such as Robot Wars, are a recent extension of this hobby (these vehicles do not meet the classical definition of a robot; they are remotely controlled by a human). Radiocontrolled submarine also exist.

high water alarm, low temperature alarm, opening of back window, garage door, etc.

3.8.FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS & FUTURE SCOPE :

When the system is activated it will call a number of programmed numbers to let the user know the alarm has been to get

1. IR Sensors:

activated. This would be great alerts

of alarm conditions from home

IR sensors can be used to automatically detect & avoid obstacles if the robot goes beyond line of sight. This avoids damage to the vehicle if we are maneuvering it from a distant place.

when user is at work.

2.Adding a Camera:

If the current project is interfaced with a camera (e.g. a Webcam) robot can

2. Password Protection:

be driven beyond line-of-sight & range becomes practically unlimited

Project can be modified in order to password protect the robot so that it can be operated only if correct password is entered. Either cell phone should be password protected or necessary modification should be made in the assembly language code. This introduces

as GSM networks havea very large range.

3.9. Advantages & Disadvantages : Advantages:

conditioned access & increases security to a great extent.

1.Wireless control 2.Surveillance System. 3. Vehicle Navigation with technology. 3. Takes in use of the mobile technology which is almost available everywhere. 4. This wireless device has no boundation of range and can be controlled as far as network of cell phone use of 3G

6. http://www.alldatasheet.com/

7. http://www.datasheet4u.com/ 8. http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/

Disadvantages: 1.Cell phone bill. 2. Mobile batteries drain out early so charging problem.

3. Cost of project if Cell phone cost included. 4. Not flexible with all cell phones as only a particular ,cell phone whose earpiece is attached can only be used BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Wikipedia - The free encyclopedia 2. http://www.8051projects.info/ 3. http://www.instructables.com/ 4 . cell phone operated land rover Electronics For You Magazine , Edition (july 2008) 5. DTMFTester, Electronics For You Magazine , Edition (June 2003),