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Punching Shear Checks

4.0 4.1

Punching Shear Checks Introduction

The basis of the Punching Shear Checks implementation is the limit state or stress evaluation of the tubular connection specification of the American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended practices and of the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) Codes. The three GTSTRUDL commands described in this section present the syntax of statements required for inputting chord information to GTSTRUDL and for executing the GTSTRUDL punching shear checks with respect to the chords identified. Chords normally are the main vertical members of the jacket structure. Appendix B, Volume 8, GTSTRUDL Users Reference Manual lists the equations for the strength checks that GTSTRUDL makes for each chord and brace specified. A punching shear stress check cannot be made before an analysis has been executed and before certain PARAMETERS have been specified. Section 4.2 describes the applicable PARAMETERS. API Code The GTSTRUDL Punching Shear Check is based on API Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms. Punching shear can be checked based on the LRFD First Edition, WSD Twentieth Edition, Seventeenth Edition, or Fifteenth Edition of the API RP 2A-WSD code. RP 2A-LRFD First Edition The punching shear adequacy of a joint is based on Section E of the API RP 2ALRFD First Edition. The adequacy of the joint may be checked by GTSTRUDL on the basis of the ultimate strength joint capacity (Section E.3.1.1 of API 1st Edition). See Table 4.2-1 for the punching shear code parameters.

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Punching Shear Checks RP 2A-WSD Twentieth Edition

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The punching shear checks are based on Section 4 of the API RP 2A-WSD Twentieth Edition (11). The adequacy of the joint may be checked by GTSTRUDL on the basis of (a) punching shear (see Section 4.3.1(a) of API 20th Edition, and Parameter BASIS) or (b) nominal loads (see Section 4.3.1(b) of API 20th Edition, and Parameter BASIS) in the brace. See Table 4.2-2 for the punching shear code parameters. RP 2A Seventeenth Edition The Punching Shear Checks are performed based on Section 2.5.5a (Equation 2.5.5-1) of the Seventeenth Edition. Sections 2.5.5c, parts 1, 2, and 3 of the Fifteenth Edition correspond to Sections 2.5.5c, parts 1, 2, and 3 of the Seventeenth Edition. See Table E.1-1 of Appendix E for the punching shear code parameters. RP 2A Fifteenth Edition The Fifteenth Edition of RP 2A (2) permits the punching shear adequacy of a joint to be evaluated on a stress or load basis. GTSTRUDL parameter BASIS permits the selection of which criteria should be used or if both should be used. The default is a check based on stress. See Table E.1-1 of Appendix E for the punching shear code parameters. NPD83 Code The NPD83 Code Punching Shear option results in checks being conducted according to: "Regulations for the Structural Design of Fixed Structures on the Norwegian Continental Shelf", Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, 1983 (9), Sections 3.3 through 3.6. The 1983 version of the NPD code is valid for K, T, Y, X, and DOUBLE-Y brace/chord geometry configurations. If an S joint configuration is attempted, a warning message will be printed and GTSTRUDL will proceed to the next joint configuration. See Table E.1-2 of Appendix E for the punching shear code parameters.

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Punching Shear Checks

4.2

Properties and Parameters Used by Punching Shear Check

The profile properties for the tubular section are described in Appendix A.2, Volume 3 of the GTSTRUDL Reference Manual. The parameters used by Punching Shear checks are described in the tables itemized in the following schedule:

Applicable Code American Petroleum Institute, LRFD 1st Edition (APILRFD1) American Petroleum Institute, WSD 20th Edition (APIWSD20) American Petrolium Institute, WSD, 17th and 15th Editions (APIAPR87 and APIOCT84 respectively) Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, 1983 (NPD83)

Table Table 4.2-1

Table 4.2-2

Table E.1-1 Table E.1-2

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APILRFD1 Code Parameters

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Table 4.2-1

The Punching Shear APILRFD1 Code Parameters

Parameter Name GRPLOAD* Default Value 0.0

Meaning Specify a load identifier followed by the word LOAD and a list of load identifiers. The load identified is used to compute the classification. The list of loads following are each assigned the classification computed. Repeat the GRPLOAD statement as required to group similar load conditions that produce the same classification. This parameter is applicable to joint classification commands (Sections 4.3.1 and 4.3.2, Volume 8 of the Reference Manual). Plane tolerance. Planes defined by the intersection of brace and chord members that lie within this angular tolerance are considered as one plane for joint classification. The tolerance may be increased up to 20 degrees. The symbols shall not be specified. This parameter should be specified for a joint list only. This parameter is applicable to automatic joint classification (Section 4.3.2, Volume 8 of the Reference Manual). Parameter to request the check for the connections at the ends of tension and compression members that should develop the strength required by design loads, but not less than 50% of the effective strength of the member (Section E.1 of the API RP 2ALRFD 1st Edition). Choices are YES or NO. A value of NO for this parameter indicates that the Section E.1 of the API RP 2ALRFD 1st Edition should not be checked.

TOLPLANE+ 10

CHECK50% YES

Only the LOADS list of the PARAMETER command is applicable to parameter GRPLOAD. + Only the JOINTS list of the PARAMETER command is applicable to parameter TOLPLANE.

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APILRFD1 Code Parameters

Table 4.2-1 (Continued) The Punching Shear APILRFD1 Code Parameters Parameter Name Default Value

Meaning

Material Properties STEELGRD A36 Identifies the grade of steel from which a member is made. See Table 3.3-6, Volume 8 of the Reference Manual for steel grades and their properties. Yield stress of member. Computed from STEELGRD if not given. Reduction factor for FYLD. This factor times FYLD gives the FY value used by the code. Coincident pile cross-sectional area used in distribution of axial forces between the pile and the chord members. Pile moment of inertia used in distributing bending moment between a coincident pile and the chord members. Final(or maximum) chord wall thickness to be tested for punching shear checks. GTSTRUDL will not increment wall thickness beyond this value. Initial thickness of the chord wall used to determine the crosssectional area, moments of inertia and section modulus for use during the punching shear checks of the chord. The pipe thickness increment value )t used in searching for an adequate profile. The inside diameter is held constant during the incrementing process. The outside diameter is held constant for a negative )t value. 4.2 - 3 Rev R

FYLD

Computed

REDFYLD

1.0

APA

0.0

IPA

0.0

FCHTK

0.0

ICHTK

0.0

INCWT

0.125

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Table 4.2-1 (Continued) The Punching Shear APILRFD1 Code Parameters Parameter Name Default Value

Meaning

Factors Applied to Allowable Stress Equations INCR 1.0 Factor used on several allowable stress equations; e.g., bending tension and compression, interaction of axial and bending, the bending terms of the combined stress equations, and shear stress. A factor used in a manner similar to the parameter INCR to adjust the allowable stresses. LF is defined as a function of loading condition rather than as a function of member ID.

LF

1.0

Output Processing TRACE 4 Flag indicating when checks of code provisions should be output during code checking. 3 = all checks 4 = controlling Actual/Allowable values Flag indicating if parameter or property values are to be output when retrieved. See Appendix A.3.2 for explanation. 1 = no output 2 = output parameters 3 = output properties 4 = output parameters and properties.

VALUES

Only the LOADS list of the PARAMETER command is applicable to parameter LF.

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APIWSD20, APIAPR87, and APIOCT84 Code Parameters

Table 4.2-2

The Punching Shear APIWSD20 Code Parameters

Parameter Name BASIS Default Value STRESS

Meaning Controls whether the punching shear check is performed on a stress or load basis, or both. Possible parameter assignments are: STRESS, LOAD, BOTH Specify a load identifier followed by the word LOAD and a list of load identifiers. The load identified is used to compute the classification. The list of loads following are each assigned the classification computed. Repeat the GRPLOAD statement as required to group similar load conditions that produce the same classification. This parameter is applicable to joint classification commands (Sections 4.3.1 and 4.3.2, Volume 8, GTSTRUDL Reference Manual). Plane tolerance. Planes defined by brace members and the chord that lie within this degree tolerance of each other are considered as one plane for classification. You may increase the tolerance up to 20 degrees. The symbols are not to be specified. This parameter should be specified for the joint list only. This parameter is applicable to automatic joint classification (Section 4.3.2, Volume 8, GTSTRUDL Reference Manual).

GRPLOAD*

0.0

TOLPLANE+ 10

Only the LOADS list of the PARAMETER command is applicable to parameter GRPLOAD. + Only the JOINTS list of the PARAMETER command is applicable to parameter TOLPLANE.

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Table 4.2-2 (Continued) The Punching Shear APIWSD20, APIAPR87, and APIOCT84 Code Parameters Parameter Name Default Value

Meaning Parameter to request the check for the connections at the ends of tension and compression members that should develop the strength required by design loads, but not less than 50% of the effective strength of the member (Section 4.1 of the API RP 2AWSD 20th Edition). Choices are YES or NO. A value of NO for this parameter indicates that the Section 4.1 of the API RP 2A-WSD 20th Edition should not be checked.

CHECK50% YES

Material Properties FYLD Computed Yield stress of member. Computed from STEELGRD if not given. Reduction factor for FYLD. This factor times FYLD gives the FY value used by the code. Coincident pile cross-sectional area used in distribution of axial forces between the pile and the chord members. Pile moment of inertia in distributing bending moment between a coincident pile and the chord members. Final (or maximum) chord wall thickness to be tested for punching shear checks. GTSTRUDL will not increment beyond this value. Initial thickness of the chord wall used to determine the crosssectional area, moments of inertia and section modulus for use during the punching shear checks of the chord.

REDFYLD

1.0

APA

0.0

IPA

0.0

FCHTK

0.0

ICHTK

0.0

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APIWSD20, APIAPR87, and APIOCT84 Code Parameters

Table 4.2-2 (Continued) The Punching Shear APIWSD20, APIAPR87, and APIOCT84 Code Parameters Parameter Name Default Value

Meaning

Material Properties (Continued) INCWT 0.125 The pipe thickness increment value ) t used in searching for an adequate profile. The inside diameter is held constant during the incrementing process. The outside diameter is held constant for a negative ) t value.

Factors Applied to the Allowable Stress Equations INCR 1.0 Factor used on several allowable stress equations; e.g., bending tension and compression, interaction of axial and bending, the bending terms of the combined stress equations, and shear stress. A factor used in a manner similar to the parameter INCR to adjust the allowable stresses. LF is defined as a function of loading condition rather than as a function of member ID.

LF

1.0

Output Processing UNITS CODEUNIT Indicate the CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR Command output units. Choices are CODEUNIT, or ACTIVE. CODEUNIT = Output from CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR Command in Code units (kip-inch).

Only the LOADS list of the PARAMETER command is applicable to parameter LF.

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Table 4.2-2 (continued) The Punching Shear APIWSD20, APIAPR87, and APIOCT84 Code Parameters Parameter Name Default Value

Meaning

Output Processing (Continued) ACTIVE = Output from CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR Command in active units.

TRACE

Flag indicating when checks of code provisions should be output during code checking. 3 = all checks 4 = controlling Actual/Allowable values Flag indicating if parameter or property values are to be output when retrieved. See Appendix A.3.2 for explanation. 1 = no output 2 = output parameters 3 = output properties 4 = output parameters and properties.

VALUES

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Punching Shear Classification

4.3

Punching Shear Classification

The classification of each joint to be checked may be done explicitly or automatically by GTSTRUDL. Section 4.3.1 discusses the explicit joint classification and Section 4.3.2 discusses the automatic joint classification.

4.3.1

CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR Command: Explicit Joint Classification

Simple form: CHORDS (FOR) (PUNCHING SHEAR)

C C C

C C C

C C C

END (OF CHORD DATA)

where:

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Punching Shear Classification General form: CHORDS (FOR) (PUNCHING SHEAR) (CHORD) c1 (JOINT) j1

GTSTRUDL

C C C

C C C

C C C

C C C

C C C

END (OF CHORD DATA)

* where,

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Elements:
ci = integer or alphanumeric id of the member that is designated as a chord member at joint ji. = integer or alphanumeric id of the joint for which classification data are specified. = integer or alphanumeric id of the members designated as brace members at joint ji. = integer or alphanumeric id of the member designated as a brace member at joint ji. = list of integer/alphanumeric loading names. = the gap between the two brace members where they intersect the chord applicable to the K joint configuration only. = fractional factor ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 which defines the percentage of different configurations acting at the joint ji. = circumference of brace contact with chord, neglecting presence of overlap. = circumference of that portion of the brace which contacts the chord (actual length). = the projected chord length (one side) of the overlapping weld, measured perpendicular to the chord. = the lesser of the weld throat thickness or the thickness of the thinner brace. = AISC allowable shear stress for the weld between braces. Default value is 18.0 ksi.

ji

list1

bi

list2 v1

r1, r2

v2

v3

v4

v5

v6

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Punching Shear Classification

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Explanation:
The user must completely describe the geometry of the braced joints when using the explicit method of joint classification. The chord member, the chord joint, and the brace members framing into the joint must be identified. The joints, chords, and the braces framing into the joints must be identified exactly as specified under JOINT COORDINATES and MEMBER INCIDENCES, respectively. Normally, this information is placed before the PARAMETERS command. GEOMETRY: The input values r1 and r2 are the ratios (expressed as decimal values) used to assign the various classes in a partial classification. The API code classifies joint geometries into three categories: K, T&Y, and CROSS joints (Figure 4.3.1-1). The joint configuration GEOMETRY 'T' or 'Y' of CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR command is the T&Y geometry classification of the API Code. Valid designations for the 1983 version of the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate code are: K, T or Y, CROSS or X, and DOUBLE-Y. Example: BRACE 1 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART 'K' 0.5 'Y' 0.3 'CROSS' The above example under load 1 shows the geometry for brace 1 is 50 percent K, 30 percent Y and 20 percent CROSS. GTSTRUDL assigns the ratio equal to 1.0-r1-r2 = 1.0 - 0.5 - 0.3 = 0.2 to the CROSS classification. OVERLAP: The OVERLAP designation specifies the minimum spacing between brace members where they intersect the chord (Figures 4.3.1-1 and 4.3.1-2). In terms of the API Punching Shear Check, the overlap status of a joint configuration is relevant for 'K' geometries only. The OVERLAP PARAMETER should be omitted for 'T', 'Y', 'CROSS' or 'X', and 'Double-Y' geometries. The integer -1 means that some of the brace members are over-

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Punching Shear Classification

Figure 4.3.1-1

Examples of Joint Classification

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Punching Shear Classification

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lapped. In this case the 'K' geometry has overlap condition. The factor which accounts for the effects of type of loading and geometry (Q q) is assumed equal to 1.8, and the allowable axial load component perpendicular to the chord is checked (overlapping joints). A value of 0 indicates the 'K' geometry with a gap. An integer 0 initiates a computation of the minimum brace separation distance based on the input chord/brace geometry. When explicit classification is used and the chord data are input with the general form, the value 0 may not be input. Brace separation values can be input directly by the user entering a positive decimal number. Negative decimal values will result in the joint configuration being treated as overlapped. The procedure used by GTSTRUDL to compute the minimum brace separation distance assumes that all brace members and the chord member lie in the same plane. For automatic classification, the default tolerance for braces considered in one plane is 10 degrees by default. Furthermore, the braces are assumed to lie on the same side of the chord. Therefore, if you choose to let the system determine the overlap status of a joint and you are classifying joints explicitly, be certain to group the brace list so that the above criteria are met.

Example:
The correct user input for the K joint configuration in Figure 4.3.1-3 shown as

Correct:

CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR CHORD 1 JOINT 50 OVERLAP 0 BRACES CHORD 1 JOINT 50 OVERLAP 0 BRACES CHORD 1 JOINT 50 OVERLAP 0 BRACES CHORD 9 JOINT 50 OVERLAP 0 BRACES CHORD 9 JOINT 50 OVERLAP 0 BRACES CHORD 9 JOINT 50 OVERLAP 0 BRACES

2 6 5 2 6 5

34 7 8 34 7 8

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Punching Shear Classification

Figure 4.3.1-2 The OVERLAP Parameter

Figure 4.3.1-3 Example for Automatic Joint Classification V8 4.3 - 7 Rev Q

Punching Shear Classification Incorrect:

GTSTRUDL

CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR CHORD 1 JOINT 50 OVERLAP 0 BRACES 2 TO 8 CHORD 9 JOINT 50 OVERLAP 0 BRACES ALL

The incorrect coding presumes that all the braces and the chord lie in a common plane and that the braces are all located on the same side of the chord. The computation of brace separation distance will include any brace member eccentricities specified at the chord joint. The automatic classification will define the chords as in the correct case and classify the joint according to the brace loads. DIAPHRAM: The DIAPHRAM modifier indicates the presence of a stiffening diaphram in the chord for 'CROSS' joints configurations. L/L1/L2/TW/VW: The input quantities L, L1, L2, TW and VW describe the weld that connects the brace to the chord member. The dimension L is the circumference of the brace contact with the chord, neglecting the presence of the overlap. L1 and L2 are weld length dimensions shown in the Figure 4.3.1-4

Figure 4.3.1-4 Stiffening Diaphram

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Punching Shear Classification

TW is the weld thickness and VW is the allowable weld stress in force units per square length unit (i.e., psi, ksi). The default values of these weld properties are listed in the table on the next page. Welds are assumed as partial to full penetration groove welds.

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Punching Shear Classification Table 4.3.1-1

GTSTRUDL

Weld Properties
Quantity Single Brace Weld Length Actual Weld Length Brace Offset Weld Thickness Weld Allowable Symbol L Default Value

B Brace Diameter/Sin 1 where 1 = brace-chord angle B Brace Diameter/Sin 1 where 1 = brace-chord angle
0.0 Brace wall thickness. 18.0 ksi

L1

L2 TW VW

If several brace members form a K joint, conservative results will be obtained from the code check if minimum weld properties are specified.

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Chords for Punching Shear Automatic

4.3.2

CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR AUTOMATIC Command: Automatic Joint Classification

General form:

( LIST CHORDS ) ( joint configuration ) *

Elements: list1 = integer or alphanumeric id of the joint which automatic classification is specified. = integer or alphanumeric id of the load which computations for clas- sification is performed.

list2

For joint configuration elements, see Section 4.3.1, Volume 8 of the Users Manual.

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Chords for Punching Shear Automatic

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Explanation: The automatic classification option will automatically identify the chords framing into the joints given in the list and will classify the joint according to the brace loads for each active load according to API RP 2A-LRFD 1st, 2A-WSD 20th, 17th, or 15th Edition. (External loads are ignored thus producing the effect of shear in the chords.) The chords at a joint are identified and defined according to the following criteria:

The largest continuous diameter member pair framing into a joint (independent of wall thickness), or,

If several members of the same size frame into a common joint, the member that has the greatest wall thickness.

If all members are of the same diameter and wall thickness, or the chord cannot be determined because more than one chord could exist by the preceding, then a warning message instructing the user to classify the joint using the explicit CHORD command. No check is performed for this joint.

Under all circumstances, if the chord is made up of the ends of two connecting members of equal diameter making the chord continuous through the joint, i.e., two members form the chord, one from the left and one from the right, they must lie on the same vector.

Figure 4.3.2-1 Angle between the continuous chords

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Chords for Punching Shear Automatic

If an angle between the two chord segments continuing through a joint is greater than a tolerance value, a warning message is given instructing the user to classify the joint using explicit joint classification and no check is performed for the joint. The tolerance for members considered continuous or in one plane is 10 degrees, which can be overridden by the parameter TOLPLANE up to a maximum of 20 degrees. This parameter should be specified before automatic joint classification commands.

The possible automatic joint classifications are K, T, Y, CROSS, PART K CROSS, PART K T, PART K Y, PART CROSS T, PART CROSS Y, PART K CROSS T, and PART K CROSS Y. The classification is made by systematically balancing brace forces of opposite sign in half planes on each side of the chord. The process begins with the two highest brace forces of opposite sign, continuing the process in each half plane until no more members are left for balancing. If only one brace is found in a half plane, the brace is either T or Y, depending solely on geometry. Refer to Appendix B.2, Volume 8 of the GTSTRUDL Users Reference Manual for the procedure description. As voluminous computations and output could result from the different possible classifications for different loads, you are cautioned to specify only loads representative of the different conditions. For example, identify only selected wave loads from the different directions, rather than all wave loads or all loads. The parameter GRPLOAD may be used to limit the computations for classification while still allowing proper checks for all active loads. By your identifying a load case representative of numerous similar loads, GTSTRUDL computes the classification for the one load identified and assigns the same classification for all of the loads in the LOAD list. This parameter should be specified before CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR Commands.

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Chords for Punching Shear Automatic

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Example:
PARAMETER GRPLOAD 1 LOADS 20 TO 30

Only the load identified as 1 for parameter GRPLOAD will be used for automatic classification. All members for LOADS 20 to 30 each will be assigned the same classification as assigned for load 1. Note that load 1 must also be identified in the LOAD portion of the automatic classification options. When the automatic classification is used, the chords and braces can be listed by GTSTRUDL by specifying the LIST CHORDS option. The chord output is similar to the explicit identification for chords and braces. For example, referring to the Figure 4.3.1-3, for joint 50, the GTSTRUDL output listing the chords is as follows:
CHORD 1 JOINT 50 BRACE 2 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY 'K' OVERLAP 6.62 BRACE 3 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART 'K' 0.6 'T' OVERLAP 6.62 BRACE 4 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART 'K' 0.3 'CROSS' OVERLAP 6.62 BRACE 5 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY 'K' OVERLAP 4.37 BRACE 6 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY 'K' OVERLAP 5.18 BRACE 7 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART 'K' 0.5 'CROSS' 0.34 'Y' OVERLAP 5.18 BRACE 8 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY 'K' OVERLAP 4.37 CHORD 9 JOINT 50 BRACE 2 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY 'K' OVERLAP 6.62 BRACE 3 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART 'K' 0.6 'T' OVERLAP 6.62 BRACE 4 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART 'K' 0.3 'CROSS' OVERLAP 6.62 BRACE 5 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY 'K' OVERLAP 4.37 BRACE 6 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY 'K' OVERLAP 5.18 BRACE 7 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY PART 'K' 0.5 'CROSS' 0.34 'Y' OVERLAP 5.18 BRACE 8 LOAD 1 GEOMETRY 'K' OVERLAP 4.37

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Chords Additions/Deletions Mode

4.3.3

CHORD ADDITIONS/DELETIONS Mode

The ADDITIONS and DELETIONS modes are the only valid options for making modifications to CHORD data. To modify the chord data base, you must DELETE the data to be modified and use the ADDITIONS mode to add the changed data. This changed data must include all the other data previously related to the DELETED data. For example, to modify existing data associated with CHORD 5 JOINT 6, you must do the following:

C C C
DELETIONS CHORDS CHORD 5 JOINT 6 ADDITIONS CHORDS CHORD 5 JOINT 7 BRACES 8 9 10

C C C
The DELETIONS mode will cause all CHORD information related to CHORD 5 to be erased from the CHORD data base. The ADDITIONS mode defines a new chord at joint 7 with braces 8, 9, and 10 framing into the chord. A precondition to the above example is the requirement that CHORD 5 JOINT 6 had been previously defined as specified in the DELETIONS mode. New chords may be added to the CHORD data base at any time using only the ADDITIONS mode.

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Chords Additions/Deletions Mode

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Check Punching Shear Command

4.4

CHECK PUNCHING SHEAR Command

General form:

where

( LIST CHORDS ) ( joint configuration )

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Check Punching Shear Command

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Elements: list1 = integer or alphanumeric id of the member which check for punching shear is specified. list2 = integer or alphanumeric id of the joint which automatic classification is specified. list3 = integer or alphanumeric id of the load which computations for classification is performed. For joint configuration elements, see Section 4.3.1. Explanation: The designations shown in the closed bracket immediately after the CHECK command are the valid code names for the punching shear check. Table 4.4-1 lists the available GTSTRUDL punching shear codes. The members given in this command refer to those members identified as chords in the CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR command (Section 4.3). The AUTOMATIC option specifying the joints ALL to be classified refers to all joints in the structure not classified by explicit chord identifiers. Note that regardless of the code identified immediately following the CHECK command, the chord/brace classification is always as defined by APILRFD1, APIWSD20, APIAPR87, or APIOCT84 guidelines. The default classification is for all loads. For efficient computer use, you should utilize the LOAD LIST option or the GRPLOAD parameter to limit the loads used for classification and checks. The CHECK PUNCHING SHEAR command follows the PARAMETERS command; it initiates action on the informationpreviously specified. Consistent with other GTSTRUDL "design options", you will, upon successful execution, receive the results of the checks made without having to ask for any output specifically. The amount and format of this output is dependent upon the parameter TRACE that is active for the CHORD MEMBERS listed. TRACE equal to 4 produces the default output which summarizes the values for the checks made as well as a limited amount of input information related to each chord.

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Check Punching Shear Command

APILRFD1 and APIWSD20 output: The default TRACE output for the APIWSD20 punching shear check shows the joint and the geometry classification name, the partial classification percentages, the chord and the brace name, the load name, SIN(ANG) (the Sin of the angle between the chord and the brace) and the chord area, the outside diameter and the moment of inertia in the Y direction of the chord, the thickness and the section modulus in the Y direction of the chord, the brace axial force, shear force in the Y direction, and the shear force in the Z direction at the chord connection, the brace torsional moment and the bending moment in the Y and Z direction at the chord connection, the actual punching shear stress due to the brace axial force and the allowable stress, the actual punching shear stress due to the brace in-plane moment and the allowable stress, the actual punching shear stress due to the brace out-of-plane moment and the allowable stress, the actual axial load component perpendicular to the chord and the allowable, the highest actual/allowable ratio and the provision name. The output for APILRFD1 and APIWSD20 Codes is in the active units. APIAPR87 and APIOCT84 output: The default TRACE output for the APIAPR87 and APIOCT84 punching shear check shows the joint and the geometry classification name, the chord and the brace name, the load name and SIN(ANG) (the SIN of the angle between the chord and the brace), the outside diameter and the thickness of the chord, the chord area and the brace axial force at the chord connection, the chord moment of inertia in the Y direction and the brace shear force in the Y direction at the chord connection, the chord section modulus in the Y direction and the shear force in the Z direction at the chord connection, the chord's weight in pound per foot and the brace torsional moment at the chord connection, the brace moments in the Y and Z directions at the chord connection, the actual punching shear stress due to the brace axial force and the allowable stress, the actual punching shear stress due to the brace in-plane moment and the allowable stress, the actual punching shear stress due to the brace out-of-plane moment and the allowable stress, the actual axial load component perpendicular to the chord and the allowable, the highest unity stress check (actual/allowable) ratio and the provision name.

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GT STRUDL

Table 4.4-1

GTSTRUDL Punching Shear Codes

Code Name APILRFD1 Parameter Table 4.2-1

Application Based on the Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms Load and Resistance Factor Design. API Recommended Practice 2A-LRFD (RP 2A-LRFD) First Edition, July 1, 1993. Based on the Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms Working Stress Design. API Recommended Practice 2AWSD (RP 2A-WSD) Twentieth Edition, July 1, 1993 (11). Based on the API recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms, Seventeenth Edition, dated April 1, 1987 (2). Based on the API recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms, Fifteenth Edition, dated October 22, 1984 (1). Based on the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD), Guidelines on Design and Analysis of Steel Structures in the Petroleum Activity, dated 1993 (9).

APIWSD20

4.2-2

APIAPR87

E.1-1

APIOCT84

E.1-1

NPD83

E.1-2

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Check Punching Shear Command

NPD output: The default TRACE output for the NPD punching shear check shows the joint, the chord name, the outside diameter, the thickness, the chord area, the moment of inertia in the Y direction at the chord connection and SIN(ANG) (the SIN of the angle between the chord and the brace), the chord section modulus in the Y direction and the brace axial force at the chord connection, the chord's weight in pound per foot and the brace shear force in the Y direction at the chord connection, the allowable punching shear stress and the brace shear force in the Z direction at the chord connection, the actual punching shear stress and the torsional moment, the actual/allowable punching shear stress ratio, the brace name and the moment of inertia in the Y direction, the load name and the moment of inertia in the Z direction. TRACE 3 provides the user with a full report of the checks made for each CHORD specified in the TRACE member list. Although TRACE 3 output is valuable to your understanding and verification of GTSTRUDL checks, TRACE 3 can be very expensive and counterproductive when specified indiscriminately. SUMMARIZE Command is not available for PUNCHING SHEAR code check command.

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Input Example and Comments

4.5

Input Example and Comments

The flow of punching shear input data is somewhat different from the flow of a typical GTSTRUDL "design problem". Section 4.3 defines additional data, which is not required for other GTSTRUDL design options but is required for executing the punching shear checks. GTSTRUDL

C C C
MEMBER PROPERTIES $ for punching shear checks, either $ pipe, table, or prismatic options $ may be used. See Sections 2.1.9

C C C
STIFFNESS ANALYSIS

$ See Section 2.1.13.2

C C C
CHORDS FOR PUNCHING SHEAR $ See Section 4.3 CHORD 1 JOINT 3 BRACE 14, 35 TO 37 CHORD 25 JOINT 27 BRACE 6 8 CHORD 14 JOINT 11 GEO 'K' OVE 0 L1 19.0 TW 0.25 BRA 15 12

C C C
LOAD LIST 'COMB1' 'COMB2' $ See Section 2.1.3.5 UNITS INCH $ See Section 2.1.2.6 PARAMETERS $ See Section 4.2 'APA' 14.0 MEM 1 'IPA' 500.0 MEM 1 'INCWT' -0.375 MEM 25 'INCWT' 0.25 MEM 1 14 'FCHTK 2.0 MEM 1 'TRACE' 3.0 MEM 1 'LF' 1.33 LOAD 'COMB2'

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Input Example and Comments

GT STRUDL

CHECK APIWSD20 PUNCHING SHEAR AUT APIWSD20 CLASS LIST CHORDS $ See Section 4.4

C C C
FINISH

Note that no CODE or SECTION statements are required to execute the punching shear checks. All checks are made using forces reported at the chord joint identified. The axial force and the moments reported at the chord joint 3 will be distributed between the chord and a pile, which may be coincident with the chord in the real structure but is not defined in the GTSTRUDL data. The brace forces used are at the end of each brace at the chord joint. The chord member 1 wall thickness will be increased in 0.25 inch increments while holding the inside diameter of the member constant as failures occur. In contrast, the outside diameter of member 25 is held constant while incrementing the member wall thickness by 0.375 inch for each trial. The final chord wall thickness to be checked is 2.0 inches for member 1. Chords 1, 14 and 25 at joints 3, 11 and 27 are explicitly identified as K joints. Additionally for chord 14, GTSTRUDL computes a minimum brace separation distance and uses a weld thickness of .25 inches with a weld length equal to 19 inches for braces 12 and 15 connected to the chord. With the exception of the user classified joints 3, 11 and 27, all joints in the structure are, where possible, classified with overlapped braces for all active loads with their chords identified and listed by GTSTRUDL. By default, all braces defining a plane with the chord within 10 degrees of each other are considered one plane. The efficiency option instructing GTSTRUDL to assign classifications to a list of loads by way of the GRPLOAD parameter was not used. All identified chords in the structure are checked according to the API RP 2A-WSD Twentieth Edition recommended practices using the PARAMETERS as defined for the respective chords and joints. Refer to Section 4.2 for PARAMETER explanations. A full check report (TRACE 3) will be given for member 1. A shorter check report (TRACE 4) will be given for all other members.

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