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C.Pi,$,sj
A.R.C. Techcal
416
Report &9j\.
:*j
C.Pi~N~j
416
MINISTRY
AERONAUTICAL CURRENT
OF
SUPPLY
COUNCIL
RESEARCH PAPERS
of Technical
R. F. Mousley,
F. Clifton
and D. Le Brocq
LONDON:
OFFICE
C.P.
No.
I+16
U.D.C.
i-b.
62~.aa2.oa2:62~.aa2.j.o82:5j9.42
Teohniaal
248
ROYAL
AIRCRAFT
ESTABLISHMENT
COMPARATIVE STRENGTH TESTS OF TENSION BOLTS WITH UNF AND BSF THREADS (Revised version of Teohnical. by R.F. Mousley, F. Clifton and D. le Brocq Note No. Structures 212)
are given
in tension
of bolts
with
Separate a pair of
locknuts.
The UNF bolts as the BSF bolts, In general, the UiW bolts
ooourred
in the thread
of
LIST OF CONTENTS = 1 2 3 4 INTR0DJCT1ON TESTS AND TEST RJWJLTS ANALYSIS OF RESULTS CONCWSIONS 3 3 3. 4 4 4 5 6-11 -
LIST OF TABEZS Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mean failmg Mean failing Thread strength loads and coefficients stresses efficiencies 7 8 11 of varmtion
Cmparism of tension strength of Unified thread bolt-nut combinations and British Standard Fine bolt-nut combinations Tensmn E'ailmg failmg loads far bolt-nut ccmbinatuxw shear
loads of bolt
shanks in double
-2-
INTRODUCTICN
The use of the Vnified screw thread to Us Specification No.158O is now prescribed for Service aircraft, and tests have been made at the request of the J.A.C. Materials Sub-Committee to compare the tension strength of bolt/nut combinations having Unified threads with similar combinations having British Standard Fine threads. The mroraft standard bolts with Unified threads were,found on the average to be not weaker than the oorresponding British Standard Fine thread bolts. It should be remarked that the tests were made early in 1956 before the results of work by the Mechanical Engineer Researoh Laboxtory had been published'. 2 TESTS AND TEST RESULTS
The tests were made in direct tensjon on high-tensile steel British Standard Fine threaded (BSF) bolts sup ied to BS Specification A.25" bolts supplied to CL.27 nuts) and Unified Fxne Threaded r"LEW) airornft E5i Speoifioation A.102 (A.103 nuts). lrrro diameters of bolt, $ and &" were tested, with ordinary nuts alone thin nuts alone and with both types The -&I diameter bolts had rolled threads of nut lightly lozked together. and the $' diameter bolts had cut threads. The results of the tests are &ivcn in Table 5 and plotted on Fig.1. In addition to these tension tests, tests on the bolt shanks in double shear between hardened steel plates were made, to serve as controls The results are given in Table 6. for the strength of the bolt material. These shear control tests were made in preforonce to tension control tests as they gave a consistent basis for material control and oould be made direotly on the bolt shank wxthout the need for machining of specimenS. &an values and coefficients of variation of the bolt tension falling loads are given in Table 1, and the oorresponding bolt shark tension stresses and the mean control shear stresses in Table 2. The bolts and nuts for each set of tasts were talen at random from single batches obteined from one souroe of supply. 3 ANLYSIS OF RESULTS
Fig.1 and Table &(a) give a comparison of the tensile failing loads of the bolt/nut combinations, and shon the difference in strength due to all causes, including differences in material strength. Tables 3 and 4(b) give a comparison of the strengths of the two types of thread, based on a "thread strength effioiency" which is the failing strength of the nut/bolt combination expressed in terms of the ultimate strength of the unthreaded shank. This shank ultimate strength has been estmted from the oontrol shear test results, by using a shdar-tension relationship2 to convert the mean control ultimate shear stresses znto ultimate tension stresses. Ultimate loads for tho bolt shanks in tension are then obtained by multiplying these stresses by the cross-sectional area of the unthreaded part of tho shank.
This slecifioation
dofincs
the thread
on the slxoifications
-3-
COXLUSIONS
The bolt/nut comblnztions with Undled threads to the awcrsft Speoxflcatlon A.102 ure on the average not less strong xn tension than the oorrespondlng BSF bolts to arcraft Specifrcatron 8.25, except for th6 $ dlsmeter bolt with sxngle locknut, where the UNF bolts are slightly weaker than the E!SB. It 1s to be noted that =n general, with a single nut, failure occurred lr! the thread of the UN3 bolts, but In the core of the BSF bolts.
OF SyidBOIs in in terslon
proof
stress stress
test from of
Coeffxient v = 1 ;;
Ripley, Beard,
E.L. A. J.
Shear strength of pins in steel, and alumlnrum mgneslum and copper alloys. R.A.E. Teohnlcd. Note No. Structures JOY, 4953.
120.
-4-
These abbreviated notes are intel?ded only for general guidance and to ldentlfy the particular bolts and nuts used. For precxe data and detailed information, reference should be made to the full specification.
-.._ _ _____.-_. .._ --.-.--I--I--
Ypeclfloation B.S.S. h 25
--
Description
-I__
__
_.___ __-. ^
High tensile steel hexagon-headed bolts for axcr&t with Brltxh Standard Fioe threads as defined by B.S.84. Material: 55 ton alloy steel, hardened, tempered, cold worked and cadmum plated. Kedium tensrle steel hexagon nuts for aircraft with Brrtlsh Standard Fine thread as defired by ~~s.84. Material: 45 ton oarhon steel, hardened, tempered, oold worked and c&dmlum plated. Aircraft bolts w&h Unified hexagon head and Unified thread as defined by B.S.1580. Material: 55 ton carbon or alloy steel, hardened, tempered and cadmium plated. fine
B.S.S. A 27
B.S.S. A 103
klrcraft Unified hexagon nuts with GtzLYcd fine thread as defined by B.S.1580. &.terul: 45 ton carbon steel, hardeoed, tempered, oold worked and oadrmum plated. Form of BSF thread. Form of 'Jl?ified (See Fig.2,. .-_-
B.S.84 ~3.1580
-5-
TABLE
Mean falling
Bolt,
diameter (ins.)
Bolt designation
of I-~ varmtmn
B.S.A25 bolts
with B.S.A27 nuts U.N.F. B.S.hl02 bolts mth B.S.Al03 nuts
n x v% n % n
B.S.F.
F 1
---
load (tons) Tens1 ----Srngle kdmary au4 Single ~rdltl~ry locknut ath loc.kr.ui -se nut 2.27 2.14 1.47
7.0
3.0
2.7
10
IO 2.40
2.6
10
IO
1.71 4.0
10
B.S.A25 bolts
with B.S.&?7 nuts U.N.F. B.S.Al02 bolts with B.S.Al03 nuts
B.S.F.
15.11 1.5
10
. 5.;
10
9.85 4.1 IO
10.29 2.4 IO
10.38 3.3
10
2 +,!I
-6.
16.0 I.3
IO
6.95
5.0
11.72 1.9 IO
n -
10
stresses
f * a
--
9.03 L-l
59.P
I 52.00 I
-6-
Percentage
of faxlures
were
+ The percentage
1s taken to be:-
Tension stress, m shank at nut/bolt failure x 100 Derived ultimate controltensIon strength of shank
TABLE 4 mrison of tensIon strerath of Uxlf~d thread bolt-nut_c_ombmatlor. and Britrsh Standard Fine bolt-nut combwatlons --.----_-Tensron strength of Unlfled threa+~~Al02 - A103 bolts !t'er.slo~ strength of B.S. AZ5 - AZ7 bolts
-7-
-TAJ3~
-___-
Tensmn
Pallmn --eL--
bolt -
- nut
ccmbmntlors
with
nuts ---___
Tllrond fOrIn --H S.F. Dlt. 3.s.
and
r-
locknuts
10.14 A25 IO.73 10.52 10.60 lO.?.J io.!Yi3 10.24 q 90 9.73 10.73 ----
Mtf !:
I__
--.--._ ---. Ilt,m.l.i~ h5 ii Of load failorc (VJns) L. __ 2.26 T I 2.29 T 2.25 2.26 2.37 2.18 2.33 2.29 2.33 2.18 , I i T T T T T
-_
$ Bolts -.
If !!
11.74 11.70 11.8-o il.15 11.81 11.69 :I.89 11.m 11.78 11.59
1 I !1
T T T T T T T -_ T T T T T T T T T T
.-
iI L
2.46 ---I-2.,!5 2.54 2.55 2.42 2.19 2.55 2.47 2.46 2.45 2.45 2.42 2.11 2.46 2.52 2.46 2.38 2.41 2.48 2.50
T T T T i I T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T I-
2.38
-8-
TARIS
Tension f'mlinp, loads
5 (Cont1nue.d:
for bo'tt nut combu?at~ons
I-.
spocincn ,dEtitlri*t.,on - ----1 2 3 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 ---1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2' Rolts ~-Thr'cad fOrI3 --U.S.F. Dolt Nut -'.s. as. IL25 A27 with
_-__.
swgle _ nuts
---_
_-
--ode of Ci,l"l-C -T T T T T a T T T T -n n n n a I1 n n II 9
-_ --cr1tim%
land (tom) ---
F-
2.m 2.24 2.14 2.19 2.08 2.18 2.12 2.iG 2.19 2.06
I 1 1
,iode cf !.3ilWC --.-_ B T T a T a T T T T
-.-
---.
2.9
2.43 2.37 2.34 2.44 2.41 2.40 2.35 2.31 2.46
I3 B n B 13
; 1 I
b I? n n s -.
T B
Tension Zoth
failure threads
at stripped.
root
of
thread.
-V-
TABi Tension
&' Bolts
mth
Thread ronn
locknuts
alone
----__ @ fi 7.10 i) B 5 n J B B U B D -..-
2 Bolts
Specman dent1 f i c8tl -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9' 10 F 11 Bolt Nut
with
ThPQ2d rcrm B.S.F. 0.8. H.S.
locknuts
--.
alone
clltlmate
load (tons) 1.30 A25 A27 I.39 1.57 1.3 1.45 1.63 l.M 1.45 l.Kl 1.57
on
U;NsF. D.R. Al03 A102 6.90 7.30 6.95 6.25 6.67 6.70 6.96 n R n n c D n II 0 ll
--I_
F 12 F 13 F 14 F 15 F 16 F 17 F 18
Bolt Nut
3-s. A103
>
1.71 1.58
1.76 1.69 1.73
1.43
7.13 7.25
F20
I--
F 12
-.
- 10 -
TAELZ 6 Falllne. $" Bolts loads of bolt shanks in double she&' z!' -_I Bolts
mn
Thread form
T; ntmate
load (tons)
-rThread fOJZl
- AL K!tlmate
load (tonsj --
B.S.F. B.S.&5
G3 G4
G G G G
5
6 7 8
G 9 G 10 1
14.83 14.69 15.28 15.17 14.90 15.45 15.04 15.34 15.27 14.90 16.25
Dl D 2
D
B.S.F.
B.S.A.25
3.30 3.a1 3.14 3.55 3.79 3.66 3.14 3.35 3.60 3.43
3 5
6 7 a
D4
D D Jj D
D 9 D 10
2 3 4
5 6
U.N.F. B.S.AlO:
U.N.F.
F F 1 2
B.S.AlOZ
j
3.61
F 3 F4 p 5
7
8
9 IO
15.66
16.10
95.99
F F F F F -
6 7 8 9 10 I_
3.67
'.. The shear values are for of 0.67 f'or the 9 bolts Jy B.S.F. AZ5 bolts, for
a ratlo of bolt dra: shear plate thxkness and 0.5 for the +:" bolts, except for the which the ratlo was 1.4,
- 11 -
DIA BOLTS
123 O-
Xlk3 cx x;X
X
I 2
DIA. BOLTS
KEY
XX x XX,& xxx1 Xi x x X 0
A25 A27
NUTS.
II.1 O-
00 0 0
10. O0 0
01 01 00 , 4
00
o-
3; o( X? Xd
7.c >-
xxx< XJ r
&KNUT LONE
6-c >-
\ \
idGLE 3-r
\ LOCKNUT ALONE
FIG. I. TENSION
TEST
RESULTS.
OUTLINE
H=O-86603
P
T = O-14434 P
kw-I-=
0.640327 00 137323
P P
UNIFIED
BOLT
THREAD
DESIGN
FORM
B.S. METAL
1580 CONDITION)
B&F.
BASIC
THREAD
FORM
-6.S.84.
(MAXIMUM
FIG. 2. THREAD
i * . -
FORMS.
I .
C.Pi2dj
A.R.C. TechnIcal
416
Report
0 Crown Copyright
1959
OFFICE *
To be purchased from York House, Kmgsway, London w c 2 423 Oxford Street, London w.l 13~ Castle Street, Edmburgh 2 109 St. Mary Street, Cardiff 39 Kmg Street, Manchester 2 Tower Lane, Bristol 1 2 Edmund Street, Blrmmgham 3 80 Chxhester Street, Belfast or through any bookseller
Printed in Great Britain