42

199

183

J.45 20016

44004

19881

is lysis, over 80 Key are

in clandestine methamphetamine and amphetamine synthesis. to the published the thesis methamphetamine and amphetamine is a step at some point in the synthesis. 95 the synthesis these all but ten utilize a such exists in these that a composite and discussion the involved help ists investigating these clandestine that a composite list be assistance in notes in clandestine sites to the open only open in this have and both devoid extensive synthetic to methamphetamine and amphetamine utilizing is outlined in 1 and 2. 1 is by the type catalytic species; i.e. etc. 2 is by the synthetic diate; i.e. base, oxime, etc. the chemical the chemical to amphetamine and methamphetamine. annotated the type and utilized. citations

0 1989

184 1

17 588 23 25

J. alcohol M. 0.

comm.a communication, sites. 94102. 450 by attending clandestine

are

ease

cross

as

or

185 2

via 1 J. Heagy Halo

2 9 8 10 8

29,451 701 1.

3 4 5 6 2 11 8 12

catalytic and in synthesis is in the the mechanism the catalyst s has elusive due mainly to the studying such systems. in this has that a system and in the a catalyst yields has been as the catalyst s and the bond by et al. commun., 947201, in the catalytic has been coated have that the the to the catalytic is yielding W. an species the gests that the moiety and the catalytic an in some may not be tic metal systems has been to be dependent upon the topology the catalytic in this be

comm.

{4. 5.

..
z + {{

catalytic clandestine the use to amphetamine is platinum utilizing most apply to the palladium,

to methamphetamine achieved palladium is second in platinum and

in

6 m I

Pt/Hz

23

45

or X or or to esters

to or to or to or to order

ketone the

has limited applicability, since the optimum is 6 and 7. although less have open utilizing catalysis the synthesis amphetamine oxime 31, tion 41, 51 and 61. to amphetamine and methamphetamine have been synthesized the aid catalysis 51. base clandestine

metal in aluminum, continue to be the most synthetic to methamphetamine and amphetamine in clandestine in the is duced as the metal dissolves, this is a to the the species. actual mechanism does not involve but is, in a an cess . the metal to a in a solution to complete metals oxidation states Mg, may as a combination catalysis is one used to minimize dissolution the metal and to abate evolution made sodium and have the diminishing the activity the metal thus dissolution the species. aluminum and has the added oxide on the aluminum in contact to poison the metal the the metal and the inactive metal oxide. the clandestine amphetamine and methamphetamine the most is via amalgam the base adduct and the amine 21. despite 111 in 1980. status has in an in the clandestine synthetic have in clandestine acetic acid 71. to the phenylacetic acid on a schedule in some synthesis have to utilizes a dissolving metal and acid 41. utilize dissolving metal have been a base to methamphetamine 21 and to

amphetamine amalgam to amphetamine methamphetamine

91 using sodium in alcohol cited in the open an oxime 31, a 41 a and analogs also cited in the

51 to

Metal is Metal

chemists the

the imagination clandestine the community. inability to utilize most to metal by a to the a double bond. is on the via the solvent media in the case like the metal

have not

up in case agents in clandestine to the lack open in these agents Methamphetamine has been in clandestine sites via the adduct and methylamine a outlined by Weichet et al. the activity is to the ketone and this is a competing is not the case the selective agent activity is dependent on the the media aluminum activity is and less selective than has been used to phetamine amphetamine the a i.e. 81, 101, oxime 31, 41 and halogen analogs 111. has also been used in a by acid to amphetamine a clandestine as outlined in 12 use cannot be

to methamphetamine and amphetamine have as in clandestine synthesis the the and mid the thesis, employs acid, the most clandestine to amphetamine and methamphetamine. this is still common in lost in the by the end the 1970s. the the acid to methamphetamine began in in the and the link the synthesis 81 to amphetamine and methamphetamine 661, no open links been might be

192

acid a benzylic alcohol to the phetamine 11. benzylic alcohols have been to aliphatic this application chemical syntheses a level chemical not common among clandestine chemists. mechanism the has been studied and to be a initiated by acid. the mechanism the acid has not been established. seems that the benzylic alcohol a substitution iodine. the mechanism the tion is in i.e. via tionation iodine, elevated decomposition to and the bond

this have and methamphetamine via and has been highlighted species. may be concluded that destine chemists most num the the palladium catalyzed methamphetamine and the methamphetamine

to amphetamine dissolving metals, metal these emphasis on the the many options available to in actutal the in the the adduct and methylamine the analog to acid to catalysis,

3 1. H. 6,1958. 1. Gero, J. Org. 1. or H.

54. J. 9

series.

968,545 Mar.

I. 16 1735. 6606g

I.

Helv.

12

*J. Heagy, 450 94102,

193 and W. and 1. phosphate 9 1. acid and lamines. 2. base 5515g 10 base M. 6 analog and activity 25: 3635 12 to phenethylamines and oximes. J. 13 and 23: 599 a to amphetamine to 3.456,576. 71: 91049c 3. to amphetamine and study mechanisms chemical and by &&us 43: 1025h 1. to methamphetamine 844,227 July 20, 1939. 34: 5. oxime to and catalysis. in coal in J. 119541. 1. to methamphetamine and mechanisms chemical and amines by 43: 1025g 1. to methamphetamine W. and 767,186, Jan. 31 509,661, 3 34: 3761 4. Munch, J. 53 2. + illegal to methamphetamine an 47: 11661h to amphetamine and 1879. compound. to methamphetamine 702,985, Jan. 27, 1954. 49: to methamphetamine the 1859. 38: 1219 and 66: 28945y 1. to methamphetamine 509,661, 3, 1938. 34: 3761

to methamphetamine and

phosphates.

J. Med.

14

15

16

115g

18

49: 1598c

194 19 1 to methamphetamine Japanese 20 base and ketones to 5411d 21 activated base 41: 37991 2. base and also and 2 + to methamphetamine alkylation amines. J. 65 47: 543731 2 + to amphetamine Misegades, amines. J. alkylation 70 method the 42: 2307 May 15

22 W. 23

+ 767,263 6. to

to methamphetamine 844,227 47: to amphetamine 870,265 52: 34: 72975

16301d 24 5. oxime Manske pounds. J. base 25, 1958. 26 2. base Mastigle, M. hydes. 2. base 43: 28 base 2. + to amphetamine 27 29 base M. 30 J.W. Wilson, 39 31 3. to amphetamine and alkali solution. J. compounds by 49: 5342d nickel alloy and 3. to amphetamine labeled 687. 45: 1728d J. 2. + amination to amphetamine ketones. 3,187,047, June 1, 1965. 63: 171. 34: 16278 52: + and to amphetamine the aminolysis 45: 8970h + to amphetamine ketones. J. some ketones and to and Johnson, 51 2. + the and 23: 1404 to methamphetamine amines.

25

2,828,343,

27

70

74

32

4. to amphetamine 2,636,901, 28, 1953. 48:

33

4. to amphetamine and 0. amines. 848,197, 1, 1952. 47: 5438b 6. to amphetamine and 32 45: 4645a 3. to amphetamine and 14. 44: 4412d 5. oxime to aldehydes and ketones 27 3875. alkaline solution. J. Am. to methamphetamine the bases. 5. oxime to and 46: 7070d 1. to methamphetamine metals and J. 2. base + 2. base and W. 19.1953. 52: 20055e 2. base 41: + to methamphetamine 871,155. 508,756, + alkylation to methamphetamine amines. J. 34: 7765 to methamphetamine M2782, 5, 1964. 62: 5228b 16 1736. 46: 6606g alloy. active amines. to the synthesis 81 J. 15 acids.

34

35

36

alloy in aqueous 58:

37 W. 38 65 26: 3495.

39

40

41

42

43 base 44

2. + 2. base Wassink, 51 6. + and citation. to amphetamine Jansen, synthesis amphetamine. J. to methamphetamine 844,288, July 20, 1939. 34: 75441

45

to amphetamine 870,265, 16301d 12, 1953. 52:

196 46 base 764. 47 14: 745 9. ketone + in = a + 2. + to methamphetamine J.

Methyl to methamphetamine and M. tive cleavage 48

3. to amphetamine and van 37: 6219 3. to amphetamine. W. bases. 4. to amphetamine 1879,003, 373 1932. 27:

49

50

51

3. to amphetamine and 24: 1851 compounds. J.

52

4. to and 14. J. 15 8

53 in 531g 54

44: 4412d 4. by ketones. 1. and to 2,557,051 46:

to methamphetamine metals and 55 base J. Weichet, sodium 56 and the synthesis 91 57 + 2. to amines. and anion as a selective 49525n 71: 101261g amines. J. + and to amination 56: 12. by acid to amphetamine. in the by J. 1735. 46: 6606g

agent. J.

58 0.

8. to methamphetamine and 0. and 70: 37323d 10. to amphetamine and W.J. methamphetamine 89: 16316433 3. to amphetamine and Miyazaki, oximes lithium aluminium 4. to amphetamine and J. 1837 11. to amphetamine + 10,914 + in M June 17,196l. 1. and 116 et al., J. J. 0 1941. a benzylic alcohol Wong, 161 and and McMillan, J. 2170. = and 61: 11930cd Japan addition lithium aluminum 1843. 48: to J. and 1169.

59

60

by on 69: 6 7158a alkyl ketoximes and tosylates.

61

62

63

21 W. and and

64 +

8. = + to amine and 4th ed. 1987. pp. 8. mechanism study and synthesis amphetamine and on the 536. 39: 11476 8. to by 0. and 0. and mu1z, 70: 37323d. 8. to amphetamine Magidson and 11 35: 58696 8. to amphetamine and method 14 36: 25319.

J.

529

66

to methamphetamine

67

J.

68

J.

198 8. to amphetamine and methamphetamine and and 13: 1709 8. mechanism study 8. mechanism study and Wildman, on the mechanism 1189. 42: 7263e 8. mechanism study mechanism the bases by acid. via acid and Magidson and 11 35: 58685 via phenylacetic acid and lead acetate illegal an 6 47: 11661h via phenylacetic acid and 1st 1948, pp. and via phenylacetic acid and and Manske, Methyl benzyl ketone 30: 3807 acid via benzylcyanide 1st 1948, pp. 723 and 728. Julian, J.J. and 18 and 14 80 81 82 83 J.W. Wilson, 39 and 68 and and thallium M. 10 Mason and 34: 6248* and 73 and 1977. and 108 687. 45: 1728d methyl ketones 1388. 40: 5712 benzyl ketones and hydantoin in simple magnesium 2: 265 phenylacetone. McMillian, 47: 535a J. 62 acids. J. 1622. synthesis. synthesis diethyl acylmalonates. J. J. method 36: 2531 labeled J. J.

70

71

the

J.

and 60:

the

73

J.

74 M. 75

compound.

and

76

16

77

and

78

and

36: 2531 J.

aldehydes

and ketones.

84 85 86 87 88

acylation

on platinum, 1606 1616.

a mechanistic

study. J.

and tion to selectivity 90 91 92 1972. Mass J. composition 53 and 32 in the and methamphetamine 1648. Methamphetamine 71953 962. in the J. second ed. sciences. 108

palladium and its 2616.

10 the and and

93 dines. J.