International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 1 Issue6 pp 001-003 September 2012 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 - 0882

A Simulation Study of Behaviour of Mobile Zigbee Node

Ms. Sonal J. Rane
Department of Elect. Engg., Faculty of Tech. & Engg., M.S.University of Baroda sonu4sona@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been researched in recent years. WSNs have inherent and unique characteristics compared with traditional networks. It consists of light-weight, low power and small size sensor nodes (SNs). They have ability to monitor, calculate and communicate wirelessly. Sensor nodes should send their collected data to a determined node called Sink. The sink processes data and performs appropriate actions. In this paper, an accurate simulation model, the behaviour of a mobile Zigbee node passing through the radius of multiple PANs is examined using OPNET simulator. The performance metrics like: PAN Affiliation, Data Dropped, Traffic Received are reported. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, OPNET, Zigbee, Traffic Received, PAN Affiliation Zigbee communication protocol is the most popular among all the wireless sensor network communication protocols. The Zigbee protocol is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The IEEE 802.15.4 defines the standards for the physical layer and the MAC layer of the communication stack. The Zigbee standard defines the upper layers of the communication stack the network layer and the application layer. B. Device Types 1) Coordinator: This device starts and controls the network. The coordinator stores information about the network, which includes acting as the Trust Center and being the repository for security keys. 2) Router: These devices extend network area coverage, dynamically route around obstacles, and provide backup routes in case of network congestion or device failure. They can connect to the coordinator and other routers, and also support child devices. 3) End Devices: These devices can transmit or receive a message, but cannot perform any routing operations. They must be connected to either the coordinator or a router, and do not support child devices.

I.

INTRODUCTION

At present days, wireless sensor network(WSN) is among the most talked about research fields in the area of information and communication technologies. WSN is a collection of sensor nodes distributed over an area, either large or small, in order to collect and distribute data for achieving some specific goals. There exist a number of communication protocols for the wireless sensor networks, among those ZigBee is the leading global standard for low-cost, low-data-rate, short-range wireless networks with longer battery life[1]. Technology defined by the Zigbee specification is intended to be much simpler and less expensive than that of other WPANs. The simplicity and cost of Zigbee networks makes them a great candidate for wireless control and monitoring applications. [2] A. ZigBee

II.

SIMULATION SETUP & RESULTS

Many Performance metrics can be considered for the performance evaluation for the mobile node of the wireless sensor network, some of the performance metrics that considered in this paper are as follows. [5] Data Dropped: Higher layer data traffic (in bits/sec) dropped by the 802.15.4 MAC due to consistently failing retransmissions. This statistic reports the number of the higher layer packets that are dropped because the MAC couldn't receive any ACKs for the (re)transmissions of those packets or their fragments, and the packets' retry counts reached the MAC's retry limit. Traffic Received: Application traffic received by the layer in packets/sec. This statistic is dimensioned by ZigBee Network (PAN ID) for values of PAN ID ranging from 1 to 255. All

Figure 1: A typical example of ZigBee in Home Automation [3]

IJSRET @ 2012

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 1 Issue6 pp 001-003 September 2012 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 - 0882

other PAN IDs (including auto-assigned PAN IDs) will be combined into the '0' statistic. PAN Affiliation for Coordinator: This represents time that the node joins a network.

Fig. 3 Data Dropped Fig. 3 Shows that 0(Zero) data packets dropped for most of the simulation, with brief spikes around 4 and 12 minutes. Closer examination will show that each spike occurs just before the node switches PANs, during the time when it is out of range of its parent but has not yet left the PAN.

Fig. 1 Snapshot of a network having three co-ordinators and one mobile node [5] As shown in Fig.1, network has three coordinators having Pan id 1,2 and 3.The network also contains a node which is mobile. Initially it is placed near to Pan 1, with its Pan id set to Auto-Assigned. The transmit power of all the three coordinator is configured to 2 mW so that their coverage areas do not overlap. The trajectory of mobile_node_1 is configured to take the node through the coverage area of each of the three PANs over the course of 20 minutes. Based on this trajectory, it is expected that mobile_node_1 will initially join PAN 1, then switch to PAN 2, and finally to PAN 3, which it should remain joined to.

Fig. 3 Traffic Received (packets/sec) The traffic on each node except mobile_node_1 is configured as Random destination. When they join the network, they will choose a random node within their own PAN and send traffic to that node for the rest of the simulation. Mobile_node_1 is configured to send traffic to its parent node. As shown in fig the traffic received graphs for each PAN are as expected. PAN 1's traffic is initially higher as it has an additional node (mobile_node_1). When mobile_node_1 switches to PAN 2, the traffic received for PAN 1 decreases while the traffic received for PAN 2 increases. A similar thing happens again for PANs 2 and 3 at around 12 minutes, when mobile_node_1 switches PANs again.

III.

CONCLUSIONS

Fig. 2 PAN Affiliation As shown in fig. 2 mobile_node_1 joined to PAN 1 for the first 4 minutes of the simulation. The node then briefly unjoins from the PAN (PAN ID -1), then promptly joins PAN 2. At 12 minutes, the node unjoins from PAN 2 and promptly joins PAN 3.

This paper presented a simulation study to analyse the effects of behavior of a mobile ZigBee node passing through the radius of multiple PANs, is examined using OPNET simulator. 0(Zero) data packets dropped for most of the simulation, with brief spikes around 4 and 12 minutes as mobile_node_1 joined to PANs. Each spike occurs just before the node switches PANs, during the time when it is out of range of its parent but has not yet left the PAN. Also traffic received graphs for each PAN becomes higher as it has an additional node (mobile_node_1). When mobile_node_1 switches to PAN, the traffic received for previous PAN decreases while the traffic received for recently joined PAN increases. The scenarios considered are mainly taken

IJSRET @ 2012

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 1 Issue6 pp 001-003 September 2012 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 - 0882

from the literature. Such a study would be essential since energy consumption is very critical for WSNs.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors are thankful to Dept. of Elect. Engg., Faculty of Tech. & Engg., M.S.University of Baroda for technical help in doing this work.

REFERENCES
[1] Adnan Faisal ,PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING QUEUEING NETWORK MODELS, 2008/2009 [2] Mehran Ferdowsi , Simulation of ZigBee Wireless Sensor Networks Final Report Spring 2012 [3] Jennic, Jennic's ZigBee e-learning Course. Available: http://www.jennic.com/elearning/zigbee/index.htm [4] ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Specification June 2005, http://www.caba.org/standard/zigbee.html [5] OPNET Technologies, Inc. The Opnet Modeler network simulator, 2009. (http://www.opnet.com) [6] I. S. Hammoodi, B. G. Stewart, A. Kocian, S.G.McMeekin A Comprehensive Performance Study of OPNET Modeler For ZigBee Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE 2009. [7] Getting Started with ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4, February 2008 [8] Holger Karl, Andres WIllig Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2006. [9] ZigBee Technology Overview. Internet: https://docs.zigbee.org/zigbee-docs/dcn/09-5376.pdf, 2009, [Apr. 8, 2012]

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