22nd February, 2013 MOCK TEST 1 ADVENTURE TRAVEL - beat: (v) (beat, beaten or US ALSO beat) to defeat or do better

than. E.g.: Simon always beats me at tennis. Holland beat Belgium (by) 3-1. Our team was comfortably/easily/soundly beaten in the first round of the competition. The nationalists were narrowly beaten in the local election. He beat me fair and square (= without cheating). They were beaten hands down (= completely) by their opponents. She has beaten her own record of three minutes ten seconds. US He beat out all the top competitors in his sport. - be riveted: to not be able to stop looking at something because it is so interesting or frightening. E.g.: It was an amazing film - I was absolutely riveted. His eyes were riveted on the television. He pulled out a gun and I was riveted to the spot (= so frightened that I could not move). - captivate: (v) to hold the attention of someone by being extremely interesting, exciting, pleasant or attractive. E.g.: With her beauty and charm, she captivated film audiences everywhere. captivating (adj) - droop: /drup/ (v) to bend or hang down heavily. E.g..: The flowers were drooping in the heat. I can see you're tired because your eyelids have started to droop. If your spirits (= feelings of happiness) droop, you start to feel less happy and energetic. - drop off: (ph. v.) to start to sleep. If the amount, number or quality of something drops off, it becomes less. E.g.: The demand for mobile phones shows no signs of dropping off. - engrossed: /ngrst/ (adj) giving all your attention to something; absorbed. E.g.: She was so engrossed by/in the book that she forgot the cakes in the oven. They were so engrossed in/with what they were doing that they didn't hear me come in. - exertion: /gz.n/ (n) when you make a lot of mental or physical effort. E.g.: I get out of breath with any kind of physical exertion. We were exhausted after our exertions. - fabled: (adj) describes something or someone who has been made very famous, especially by having many stories written about them. E.g.: the fabled film director Cecil B. De Mille. - forsake: (v) (forsook, forsaken) to leave someone forever, especially when they need you. E.g.: Do not forsake me! - globe collocations: VERB + GLOBE span a commercial service that will soon span the globe | circumnavigate, travel one of the first boats to circumnavigate the globe She travelled the globe in search of good writers of children's stories. PREP. across the ~ The railway network soon spread across the globe. | all over the ~ Motor vehicles are found all over the globe. | around/round the ~ Chess fans around the globe watched the match with breathless interest. PHRASES all parts of the globe, every corner of the globe Athletes from every corner of the globe competed in the Games. - grip: (v) to keep someone's attention completely. E.g.: This trial has gripped the whole nation. I was gripped throughout the entire two hours of the film. - haggle: (v) to attempt to decide on a price or conditions which are acceptable to the person selling the goods and the person buying them, usually by arguing. E.g.: It's traditional that you haggle over/about the price of things in the market. - legendary: (adj) very famous and admired or spoken about. E.g.: He became editor of the legendary Irish journal 'The Bell'. The British are legendary (= well known) for their incompetence with languages. - make out: (ph. v.) to deal with a situation, usually in a successful way. E.g.: How is Frances making out in her new job? The business made out better than expected in 1992 and profits were slightly up. - off the beaten track (US ALSO off the beaten path): in a place where few people go, far from any main roads and towns. E.g.: The farmhouse we stayed in was completely off the beaten track. - planet collocations: ADJ. distant | alien, unknown | another He looked like something from another planet! PLANET + VERB orbit How many planets orbit the sun? PREP. from a/the ~ creatures from an alien planet | on a/the ~ She believes there is life on other planets. - plunge: (v) to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down or into something. E.g.: We ran down to the beach and plunged into the

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sea.The car went out of control and plunged over the cliff. Cook the peas by plunging them into boiling water. Niagara Falls plunges 55.5 metres. The fall in demand caused share prices to plunge. Our income has plunged dramatically. - sag: (v) to drop down to a lower level in the middle. E.g.: The shelf sagged under the weight of the heavy books. a sagging roof/floor/bed. to become weaker. E.g.: The dollar held up well this morning but the pound sagged. - sanitise: (v) to make something completely clean and free from bacteria. - slump: (v) to sit or fall heavily and suddenly. E.g.: She slumped into the chair, exhausted. - souk: /suk/ (n) a market in an Arab country. - trend: (n) a general development or change in a situation or in the way that people are behaving. E.g.: Surveys show a trend away from home-ownership and towards rented accommodation. There's been a downward/upward trend in sales in the last few years. a new development in clothing, make-up, etc. E.g.: Whatever the latest fashion trend, you can be sure Nicki will be wearing it. The trend at the moment is towards a more natural and less made-up look. - turn out: (ph. v.) to happen in a particular way or to have a particular result, especially an unexpected one. E.g.: As events turned out, we were right to have decided to leave early. How did the recipe turn out? to be known or discovered finally and surprisingly. E.g.: [+ to infinitive] The truth turned out to be stranger than we had expected. [+ that] It turns out that she had known him when they were children. Sir Wilfred Patrick Thesiger, CBE, DSO, FRAS, FRGS (3 June 1910 24 August 2003) was a British explorer and travel writer born in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. Sir Wilfred 1 Thesiger, who died on Sunday aged 93, was the quintessential English explorer and the last 2 and greatest of that small band of travellers who sought out the secrets of the desert in the years before Arabia was transformed forever by the oil beneath her sands.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Thesiger http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1439756/Sir-Wilfred-Thesiger.html MOBILE COMMUNICATION

being the most typical example or most important part of something. E.g.: Roasted garlic with sheep's milk cheese is the quintessential Corsican meal.
2

seek sb/sth out: (ph. v.) to look for someone or something, especially for a long time until you find them. E.g.: While he was at the library, Steve decided to seek out some information on accommodation in the area.

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- down: (v) to eat or drink something quickly. E.g.: He'd downed four beers before I'd finished one. - open up: (ph. v) to improve a situation by making it less limited. The government has announced plans to open up access to higher education. - whet sb's appetite: to increase someone's interest in and wish for something, usually by giving them a small experience of it. POWER NAPS - doze: (v) to have a short sleep, especially during the day. E.g.: My cat likes dozing in front of the fire. overwhelming: (adj) difficult to fight against. E.g.: She felt an overwhelming urge/desire/need to tell someone about what had happened. very great or very large. E.g: She said how much she appreciated the overwhelming generosity of the public in responding to the appeal. E.g.: An overwhelming majority have voted in favour of the proposal. - whatsoever: (adv) used after a negative phrase to add emphasis to the idea that is being expressed. E.g.: He has no respect for authority whatsoever. I can honestly say that I have no interest whatsoever in the royal family. There is no evidence whatever to show that this is in fact the case. "Had you any idea what was happening at the time?" "None whatsoever."

LUCY GETS A NEW JOB ON THE NEWSPAPER - abrasive: /bre.sv/ rude and unfriendly. E.g.: She has a rather abrasive manner. He can be quite abrasive in meetings. - abreast: describes two or more people who are next to each other and moving in the same direction. E.g.: We were running/cycling two abreast. The motorcyclist came abreast of her car and shouted abuse at her. keep abreast of sth: to make sure you know all the most recent facts about a subject or situation - anodyne: /n..dan/ (adj) intended to avoid causing offence or disagreement, especially by not expressing strong feelings or opinions. E.g.: This is daytime television at its most anodyne. Somehow this avoids being just another silly pop song with anodyne lyrics about love and happiness. - be prone to sth/do sth: likely to suffer from an illness or show a particular negative characteristic. E.g.: I've always been prone to headaches. He was prone to depressions even as a teenager. She's prone to exaggerate, that's for sure. - belligerent: /bld.r.nt/ (adj) DISAPPROVING wishing to fight or argue. E.g.: a belligerent person. a belligerent gesture. Watch out! Lee's in a belligerent mood. SPECIALIZED fighting a war: The belligerent countries are having difficulties funding the war. belligerence (n); belligerently (adv) - bleak: /blik/ (adj) If weather or a place is bleak, it is cold, empty and not welcoming or attractive. E.g.: The house stands on a bleak, windswept moor. If a situation is bleak, there is little or no hope for the future. E.g.: The economic outlook is bleak. - bracing: (adj) (especially of air or an activity) healthy and fresh. E.g.: We enjoyed a bracing walk on the beach. - cauldron: /kl.drn/ (n) a large round container for cooking in, usually supported over a fire. - cloud of dust: - complacent: /kmplei.snt/ (adj) feeling so satisfied with your own abilities or situation that you feel you do not need to try any harder. E.g.: a complacent smile/attitude. We can't afford to become complacent about any of our products. - crony: /kr.ni/ (n) a friend, or a person who works for someone in authority, especially one who is willing to give and receive dishonest help. E.g.: The General and his cronies are now awaiting trial for drug-smuggling. - derisive: /dra.sv/ (adj) showing derision (/dr.n/ = when someone or something is laughed at and considered stupid or of no value). E.g.: derisive laughter. a derisive comment/remark. derisively (adv) /dra.sv.li/

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- dogged: (adj) very determined to do something, even if it is very difficult. E.g.: Her ambition and dogged determination ensured that she rose to the top of her profession. doggedly (adv) /dg.d.li/. E.g.: I kept at it, doggedly and patiently until finally I could skate. doggedness (n) /dg.d.ns/ [U] - essay: /es.e/ - fair-minded: (adj) treating everyone equally. E.g.: a fair-minded employer - feverishly: (adj) [before noun] unnaturally excited or active. E.g.: Have you seen the feverish activity in the kitchen? feverishly (adv) /fi.vr..li/ - flattering: (adj) making someone look or seem better or more attractive than usual. E.g.: a flattering photograph. That suit is very flattering. He's always making flattering remarks. - fortnight: a period of two weeks. E.g.: a fortnight's holiday. once a fortnight . a fortnight ago. fortnightly (adj; adv) /ft.nat.li/ happening every two weeks. E.g.: We make a fortnightly check on supplies. The group meets fortnightly on Tuesdays. - foul: /fal/ extremely unpleasant. E.g.: Those toilets smell foul! I've had a foul day at work. Why are you in such a foul mood this morning? What foul weather! describes speech or other language that is offensive, rude or shocking. E.g.: There's too much foul language on TV these days. - freelance: (adj, adv) doing particular pieces of work for different organizations, rather than working all the time for a single organization. E.g.: Most of the journalists I know are/work freelance. a freelance artist. - gang up: (ph. v.) to unite as a group against someone. E.g.: They all ganged up to try and get him to change his decision.The whole class ganged up against/on her because she was the teacher's pet. - hand over: (ph. v.) to give something to someone else. E.g.: We were ordered to hand over our passports. hand sth/sb over: (ph. v.) to give another person control of someone or something, or responsibility for dealing with them. E.g.: The hijacker was handed over to the French police. If you'll hold the line a moment I'll hand you over to someone who might be able to help. - heritage: (n) features belonging to the culture of a particular society, such as traditions, languages or buildings, which still exist from the past and which have a historical importance. E.g.: These monuments are a vital part of the cultural heritage of South America. - hitch: (v) [T usually + adverb or preposition] to fasten something to another thing by tying it with a rope or using a metal hook. E.g.: The horses were hitched to a shiny black carriage. We just need to hitch the trailer (on)to the car and then we can go. - hurtle: (v) to move very fast, especially in what seems a dangerous way. The truck came hurtling towards us. The explosion sent pieces of metal and glass hurtling through the air. - impending: (adj) describes an event, usually something unpleasant or unwanted, that is going to happen soon. E.g.: impending disaster/doom. Lineker announced his impending retirement from international football before the 1992 European Championships. - lethargic: (adj) having little energy; feeling unwilling and unable to do anything. E.g.: I was feeling tired and lethargic. lethargy (n) /le..di/ [U] 1 - offence (collocations): illegal act ADJ. grave, heinous, major, serious | lesser, minor, petty, trivial | alleged | statutory | arrestable, bookable, imprisonable, indictable, punishable, sackable The offence is punishable by up to three months' imprisonment. | criminal, disciplinary | driving, political, sexual, terroristMotorists may be fined on the spot for driving offences such as speeding. | violent | drug-related. PREP. ~ against offences against public decency > Note 2 at CRIME(for verbs) hurt feelings VERB + OFFENCE cause, give | take PREP. ~ at He takes offence at the slightest joke against him. | ~ to I didn't mean to give offence to anyone. PHRASES no offence (intended/meant) No offence intended, but are you sure your calculations are right? - onward: (adj) moving forward to a later time or a more distant (= farther away) place. E.g.: the onward march of time. UK If you are continuing on an onward flight, your bags will be transferred automatically. - pepper sth with sth: (ph. v.) [often passive] If you pepper a speech or piece of writing with something, you include a lot of that particular thing. E.g.: The letter was peppered with exclamation marks. - plod: /pld/ (v) to work slowly and continuously, but without imagination, enthusiasm or interest. E.g.: For years, he's plodded away at the same dull routine job. Alex is just

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plodding along at school, making very little progress. plodder (n) /pld.r/. Dennis is a bit of a plodder, but he gets the job done in the end. plodding (adj) /pld./ - plum: (adj) [before noun] (plummer, plummest) very good and worth having. E.g.: How did you manage to get such a plum job? - pounce: (v) to jump or move quickly in order to catch or take hold of something. E.g.: The cat sat in the tree ready to pounce on the ducks below. The police were waiting to pounce when he arrived at the airport. - pragmatic: (adj) solving problems in a realistic way which suits the present conditions rather than obeying fixed theories, ideas or rules. E.g.: In business, the pragmatic approach to problems is often more successful than an idealistic one. - proofread: (v) to find and correct mistakes in proofs (= copies of printed text) before the final copies are printed. proofreading (n) /prufri.d/ [U] - prospect: (n) [C or U] the possibility that something good might happen in the future. E.g.: Is there any prospect of the weather improving? There seems little prospect of an end to the dispute. [+ that] There's not much prospect that this war will be over soon. There's every prospect of success. - riches: (pl. n.) a large amount of money or valuable possessions. E.g.: She donated a sizeable portion of her riches to children's charities. a large quantity of a valuable natural substance. E.g.: The country has great oil/mineral riches. They plundered the rainforest for its natural riches. - row: /ra/ (n) [C] MAINLY UK a noisy argument or fight. E.g.: My parents often have rows, but my dad does most of the shouting. What was a political row over government policy on Europe is fast becoming a diplomatic row between France and Britain. - scour: /skar/ (v) (ALSO scour out) to remove dirt from something by rubbing it hard with something rough. E.g.: You'll have to scour out those old cooking pots before you use them. - snap sth up: (ph. v.) to buy or get something quickly and enthusiastically because it is cheap or exactly what you want. E.g.: The tickets for the concert were snapped up within three hours of going on sale. The fall in property prices means that there are a lot of bargains waiting to be snapped up. - strike: [I] (struck, struck) to refuse to continue working because of an argument with an employer about working conditions, pay levels or job losses. E.g.: Democratization has brought workers the right to strike and join a trade union. We're striking for a reduction in the working week and improved safety standards. - tip sb off: (ph. v.) to warn someone secretly about something that will happen, so that they can take action or prevent it from happening. E.g.: [+ that] Somebody must have tipped the burglars off that the house would be empty. The robber was caught when someone tipped off the police. - treadmill: (n) [S] any type of repeated work which is boring and makes you feel tired and seems to have no positive effect and no end. E.g.: There were days when child-rearing seemed like an endless treadmill of feeding, washing and nappy-changing. - trial run: (n) a practical test of something new or unknown to discover its effectiveness. E.g.: We're holding a tournament in the new ice-hockey stadium, as a trial run for next year's Winter Olympics. THE FOG CATCHERS FOREST - aquifer: /k.w.fr / (n) a layer of rock, sand or earth that contains water or allows water to pass through it. - be littered with sth: A place, document or other object that is littered with something, has or contains a lot of that thing. E.g.: The newspaper has a reputation for being littered with spelling mistakes. [I] to drop rubbish on the ground in a public place. E.g.: People who litter often have no pride in the area. - derive from sth: (ph. v.) to come from something. E.g.: The English word 'olive' is derived from the Latin word 'oliva'. - carve sth up: to divide something into smaller parts. E.g.: The Nazi-Soviet pact carved up the Baltic states in 1939. - discharge: (v) [I or T] to send out a substance, especially waste liquid or gas. E.g.: Large amounts of dangerous waste are discharged daily by the factory. The oil which discharged into the sea seriously harmed a lot of birds and animals. mmacieldealmeida@yahoo.com; macieldealmeida@hotmail.com English teacher at Cultura Inglesa

- drain: (v) [I or T] If you drain something, you remove the liquid from it, usually by pouring it away or allowing it to flow away, and if something drains, liquid flows away or out of it. E.g.: Drain the pasta thoroughly. We drained the pond and filled it with fresh water. Drain (off) any liquid that is left in the rice. Don't bother drying the pans - just leave them to drain. [T] If you drain a glass or cup, you drink all the liquid in it. - drip: (v) [I or T] If a liquid drips, it falls in drops, or you make it fall in drops. E.g.: Water dripped down the wall. She dripped paint on the carpet. [I] to produce drops of liquid. E.g.: Watch out - the candle's dripping. - droplet: (n) a small drop of liquid. - dry (sth) out: to make something dry, or to become dry. E.g.: If you don't keep food covered, it dries out. - harvest: (v) to pick and collect crops, or to collect plants, animals or fish to eat. E.g.: In the US, winter wheat is harvested in the early summer. - knock-on effect: (n) When an event or situation has a knock-on effect, it causes other events or situations but not directly. E.g.: If one or two trains run late, it has a knock-on effect on the entire rail service. - moisture: (n) a liquid such as water in the form of very small drops, either in the air, in a substance, or on a surface. E.g.: These plants need a rich soil which retains moisture. - prompt: (v) to make something happen. E.g.: The bishop's speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties. Recent worries over the president's health have prompted speculation over his political future. - pump: (v) [T usually + adverb or preposition] to force liquid or gas to move somewhere. E.g.: Our latest machine can pump a hundred gallons a minute. The new wine is pumped into storage tanks. The heart pumps blood through the arteries/round the body. - quench: /kwent/ (v) to satisfy your thirst by having a drink. E.g.: When it's hot, it's best to quench your thirst with water. LITERARY to cause a fire to stop burning with water. E.g.: The flames were quenched by heavy rain. to satisfy a need or wish. E.g.: Her thirst for knowledge will never be quenched. - reinstate: /ri.nstet/ (v) to give someone back their previous job or position, or to cause something to exist again. E.g.: A month after being unfairly dismissed, he was reinstated in his job. The Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976. - revenue: /rev.n.ju/ (n) the income that a government or company receives regularly. E.g.: Taxes provide most of the government's revenue. Government revenues fell dramatically. - ridge: (n) a long narrow raised part of a surface, especially a high edge along a mountain. E.g.: We walked along the narrow mountain ridge. FIGURATIVE A ridge (= narrow area) of high pressure will bring good weather this afternoon. the part of a roof where the sloping sides join at the top. - seedling: (n) a very young plant which has grown from a seed. E.g.: Raise the seedlings in the greenhouse. - sapling: (n) a young tree. - strip sth oug: (ph. v.) to ignore particular numbers in a situation in order to understand what is really important. E.g: After stripping out property sales, the firm's operating profits rose 10%. to remove particular costs. E.g.: Axa stripped out substantial costs when it took over the UK insurance group. UK to remove a piece of equipment or machinery in order to replace it with something new. E.g.: Production lines have been stripped out and replaced. - trigger: (v) to cause something bad to start. E.g.: Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches.The racial killings at the weekend have triggered off a wave of protests. - widespread: (adj) existing or happening in many places and/or among many people. E.g.: There are reports of widespread flooding in northern France. Malnutrition in the region is widespread - affecting up to 78% of children under five years old. The campaign has received widespread support. PHOTOGRAPHY A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND - afford: (v) [T] FORMAL to allow someone to have something pleasant or necessary. E.g.: The hut afforded little protection from the elements. [+ two objects] Her seat afforded her an uninterrupted view of the stage. - come/go/turn full circle: If something or someone has come full circle after changing a lot, they are now the same as they were in the beginning. E.g: Things have come full circle now that long skirts are back in fashion.

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- devalue: /divl.ju/ (v) [T] to cause someone or something not to be valued or considered important. I don't want to devalue your achievement, but you seem to have passed your exam without really doing any work. - emulate: /em.j.let/ (v) to copy something achieved by someone else and try to do it as well as they have. E.g.: They hope to emulate the success of other software companies. Fitzgerald is keen to emulate Martin's record of three successive world titles. - enduring: /ndj.r/ (adj) existing for a long time. E.g.: the enduring appeal of cartoons. I shall be left with many enduring memories of the time I spent in India. - epitomise: /pt..maz/ (v) to be a perfect example of a quality or type of thing. E.g.: With little equipment and unsuitable footwear, she epitomises the inexperienced and unprepared mountain walker. - fleeting: (adj) short or quick. E.g.: a fleeting glimpse. This is just a fleeting visit. fleetingly (adv) /fli.t.li/. E.g.: I glimpsed her fleetingly through the window. - inextricable: /n.kstrk..bl/ (adj) unable to be separated, released or escaped from. E.g.: In the case of King Arthur, legend and truth are often inextricable. inextricably (adv). /n.kstrk..bli/ E.g.: His name was inextricably linked with the environmental movement. - medium (n, sing); media/mediums (n, pl). - nonetheless: (adv) /nn.les/ (ALSO nevertheless) despite what has just been said or done. E.g.: There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to return. - pursue: (v) to follow someone or something, usually to try to catch or kill them. E.g.: The car was pursued by helicopters. The hunters spent hours pursuing their prey. He was killed by the driver of a stolen car who was being hotly pursued by the police. SOURCES: dictionary.cambridge.org/ http://oxforddictionary.so8848.com/ http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams-and-qualifications/proficiency/

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