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Lab Manual
Job No. 1: Layout of Concrete Technology Laboratory. 1.1 Objective: To be familiar with every apparatus and their location in laboratory. To know the purpose, functionality and working of every apparatus.
Lab Manual
1.3 Description & Related Theory: 1. Flexural Test Machine (Beam Load Apparatus): Purpose: It is used to for flexural test on concrete beams to determine the Modulus of Rupture or Flexure Strength of Beam.
Theory: Flexural Strength is the ability of a beam to resist failure in bending. In a flexural test on a plane concrete specimen, the maximum tensile stress reached at the bottom fiber of a standard size prism (beam) under predefined loading type is called Modulus of Rupture (M.O.R.). It is expressed in terms of stress (MPa or psi).
Lab Manual
2. Compacting Factor Apparatus: Purpose: It is used to determine the Compacting Factor of Cement Concrete.
Theory: The degree of compaction is also called as the Compacting Factor. It is the ratio of weight which fills a container of a standard size and shape (when allowed to fall into a container under standard conditions of test), to the weight of fully compacted concrete which fills the same container. Compacting Factor indicates workability of Concrete. Compacting Factor ranges from 0.78 to 0.95. 3. Vibrating Table: Purpose: It is used to compact the concrete by vibrations. In this we vibrate the specimen by placing it on the vibrating table.
Lab Manual
It helps the aggregates to consolidate with minimum porosity and hence increasing strength of concrete. 4. Aggregate Impact Value Apparatus: Purpose: It is used to find Aggregate Impact Value of Coarse Aggregates. Theory: Aggregate I.V. gives a relative measure of the resistance of aggregate to a sudden shock or impact which differs from crushing strength.
Lab Manual
5. Compression Testing Machine: Purpose: This machine is used to determine the compression strength of brick and concrete specimens.
Theory: Compressive Strength is the capacity of a material to withstand axially directed pushing force. OR It is the maximum stress that a material can sustain under crush loading. 6. Materials:
Lab Manual
Various Construction Materials (i.e. Different Aggregates, Cement and Bricks) are there for various experiments. It is necessary to check the behavior of these materials as coarse aggregates constitute the largest portion of concrete. 7. Slump Cone Apparatus: Purpose: This apparatus is used to determine the Slump Value of Concrete.
Theory: Slump Value is the decrease in height of concrete mix when slump cone is uplifted. This does not measure the workability of concrete directly but it co-relates the workability of fresh concrete with some physical measurement. 8. Vicat Apparatus: Purpose: To find out the percentage of water at which Standard Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste is achieved. To find Initial and final Setting Time of Cement Paste.
Lab Manual
Theory: Consistency is the thickness or the viscosity of the cement paste. Standard Consistency is that consistency which will permit the plunger (10mm in dia) of vicat apparatus to penetrate to such extent that its distance from bottom is 5-7mm. It is expressed as the percentage of Weight of Water. 9. Sieve Shaker: Purpose: This apparatus is used for Sieve Analysis of various aggregates. Theory: Sieve Analysis is procedure used to assess the particle size distribution of a granular material. It is also known as Gradation of granular material. The grain size analysis tells us about the suitability of aggregates for different construction purposes.
Lab Manual
10. Thickness & Length Gauges: Purpose: To determine the shape of aggregate of particles. To determine Flakiness & Elongation Index.
Thickness Gauge
Flaky particle is one whose least dimension is less than 0.6 times the mean size of the particle. These are the materials of which the thickness is small as compared to the other two dimensions. Elongated Particle is one whose greater dimension is 1.8 times greater than the mean size of the particle.