[AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE CCS]

By: Venkat Muthukumar

Causes
1.

The Proclamation of 1763- this showed the boundaries of Britain colonies and
made good relations with Native Americans in those areas. This was also to keep the colonists closer to eastern sea border.

2.

Quartering Act- in 1765, the British enforced a law that made colonists to house
any British soldiers that comes to their door and demands for it. This was unfair and unjust to the colonists and did not please the colonists.

3.

Tea Act- to help the British East India Company gain profit, the British taxed the tea.
This caused the people to move on to another drink which was coffee. This hurt tea smugglers and merchants.

4.

Boston Massacre- Even though this event was called a Massacre only 5 people
were killed during this event. The colonist made it seem more brutal than it was saying how British soldiers had fired upon unarmed harmless colonists even though the colonist were protesting and throwing stones at the redcoats at the time.

5.

Molasses Act- Passed in 1733 by the Parliament at the determination of large

plantation owners in the British West Indies. Molasses was used in New England for making rum. The British stated to notice a large trade had been growing between the New England and Middle colonies and the French, Dutch, and Spanish West Indian possessions which werent benefiting the British.

6.

Quebec Act- this was an act of parliament planning to gain control of the Province
of Quebec. They were planning to expand and take over part of the Indian reserve. No reference to protestant faith by allowed free practice of catholic faith. Use of French civil law while maintaining the use of English common law.

7.

The Boston Tea Party- in December 1773 colonists in Boston harbor dumped
240 chests of tea to protest against the taxing. Even though the British tea was cheaper than the smuggled tea, the colonists thought of it as unfair.

8.

Currency Act- This had restricted colonial currency and scoped the use of gold and
silver. This affects colonists greatly but helping British merchants.

9.

Stamp Act- the British Parliament required that many printed materials be produced
on stamped paper. The purpose of the tax was to pay off the Seven years war. This act underwent great resistance but could not represent them in parliament therefore no hope for change.

10. Committees

of Correspondence- the first committees was established to

oppose the currency act but later was organize to form order in this nation. They also spread the revolutionary propaganda.

Characteristics
1.

Lexington & Concord- The first military attempts of battle in the American
Revolutionary war. About 700 British soldiers were set to capture or destroy military supplies in Massachusetts militia. The militia was already warned about this therefore ready to attack. This was colonial victory.

2.

Battle of Saratoga- considered the turning point of the war. This is where
Burgoyne surrenders to the US and brought in France as an ally for the US.

3.

Battle of Bunker Hill- the British generals were planning to send troops out from the
city to occupy the unoccupied hills surrounding Boston. The commander William Prescott had occupied Bunker Hill and Breeds hill and ended capturing Charlestown peninsula.

4.

George Washington- one of the nations founding fathers. He led the Continental army
as Commander Chief. He was elected as President and presided over the convention that drafted the constitution.

5.

Thomas Jefferson- Another founding father, consider the principal author of the
Declaration of independence and was elected the third president of the United States. He served as a member of continental congress representing Virginia.

6.

Founding Fathers of the United States- These were the political leaders who
were part of the declaration of independence, taking part in the war, or establishing the constitution. These men were a great deal to countrys path to independence.

7. Constitutional Convention- This was brought together to discuss the problems

with articles of confederation and revise them so they would form a stronger government. Instead the convention had decided to change it to the US Constitution and make a more equal powered government. 8.

James Madison- the fourth President of the United States and consider the father of
the constitution for being main instrument in drafting the constitution and was the key author of the bill of rights.

9.

Alexander Hamilton- Was a founding father, solider, political philosopher and

the United states first Secretary of Treasury. He was the primary author of economic policies for the George Washington administration, which was in charge of the debts of the country.

10. Capture

of Fort Ticonderoga- A small force called the green mountain boys

overcame a British Fort and took the personal belongings. The materials where shipped to Boston for supplies. The main reason for taking Ticonderoga was to gain access to the supplies it held. 11. Battle

of Saint-Pierre- This confrontation, which occurred during the Conventional

armys siege of Quebec following its defeat at the battle of Quebec, was between forces that
were both largely composed of Canadian militia, including individuals on both sides of the conflict that had been recruited in the same communities. The Patriot forces attacked the British killing at least 3 and capturing more than 30.

12. Benjamin 13. Guerilla

Franklin- the United States Minister to France, one of the founding fathers of

the United States, key figure for the declaration of independence and constitution.

Warfare- it was composed of small groups of people use tactics such as

ambushes, sabotage, and raids. There key tactic was the element of surprise. It was a very amateur type of war and was done by the colonists. 14. Battle

of Yorktown- taken place on 1781 the US was led by George Washington

and French was fighting alongside against Cornwallis and his troops. This was considering the last major battle of War and gained victory for the Americans. 15. Samuel 16. Battle

Adams- One of the Founding Fathers, he was one of the orginal leaders of
a force of about

the movement of the American Revolution

of Blue Licks- It had occurred ten months after Yorktown.

50 American and loyalists with 300 Indians ambushed and routed 182 Kentucky militia. It was the worst defeat for the Kentuckians during the frontier war.

17. Gunpowder

Virginia to a Navy ship. Patrick henry led Small militia to Williamsburg to get back the gunpowder and instead was paid 330 euros for the gunpowder.

Incident In 1775 ordered the removal of the gunpowder from

18. Battle

of Nassau- departing from Delaware the US fleet arrived in the Bahamas,

with the hope to find gunpowder and munitions that are known to be stored there. Tw days later the marines went ashore and took over Fort Montagu but did not go into over with ease. town where the gunpowder was. The next day they marched into the town and took it 19. Battle

of Sadras- In 1782, the first major naval battles fought between British fleet

and the French fleet of two east coast of the India. This battle had come about due to the refusal of trade from Dutch. The British had rapidly gained control of the outposts in they gained control of their outposts in India. India to gained access to these supplies. This battle had ended in a French victory and 20. Battle

of Machias- In 1775, the first naval engagement of the War took place. The

townspeople, decided to arrest John Moore, and decided to go after Moore and his ship. Moore was able to escape out of the harbor, but the townspeople were able to capture Moore's vessel and crew one of Jones' ships, armed it and a second local ship. In a short meeting, they captured

Significances
1.

Declaration of Independence- the Continental Congress had decided to collect

the war aims for the 13 colonies and present that they united and independent. In 1776 the Committee of Five (John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman, and Thomas Jefferson) were named to write the declaration. The final product was approved on July 4, 1776.

2.

Treaty of Paris- In 1783, the British had finally recognized the independence of US
and ended the American Revolutionary War. The British had given all the territory to the east of the Mississippi River and the South Great Lakes. Now the US could finally pursue being an independent country and govern itself.

3.

Articles of Confederation- An agreement among the 13 states to establish that

they were independent country and it served as the nations first constitution. After the war the nationalists had argued that the articles were weak for a solid government rule. The problems were that there was no president to lead the country, no executive agencies and no judiciary to create and enforce laws. Thus began the drafts for the United States Constitution.

4.

Constitution of United States- The paramount law of the United States. It

establishes the separates the powers of the three branches of government: Legislative, executive, and Judiciary. This helps balance the power of the government and makes sure that one branch does not have complete power over the whole government. It guides the American Society in Law and its political culture. This consists of the Bill of Rights (first 10 amendments).

5.

Bill of Rights- The first ten amendments of the US constitution that were ratified by
of the 13 states at the time. They serve as the basic laws of the time. They were adopted by the House of Representatives in 1789 and came into effect in 1791 through the process of ratification by of the states.

6.

Philadelphia Convention- took place in Philadelphia on 1787. This was called

upon to discuss and bring up the problems in the government of the US. This was during the time when the US was still under the laws of the Articles of Confederation. The initial intention was to revise the Articles but it led to the writing of the constitution.

7.

Continental Currency- when the revolutionary war began the continental

congress began to issue paper money. The main problem with the currency was the policy was not coordinated between Congress and the states, which continued to issue bills of credit. There were just simply too many different types of currencies to manage.

8.

National Debt- the debt of the war feels into three groups. 12 million dollars with
owed to foreigners for aiding them in war. The national government owed 40 million and the state owed 25 million to Americans who gave supplies for the revolutionary forces. The congress decided to combine the remaining debts not paid yet into the national debt totaling around 80 million dollars.

9.

Impact on Britain- The British had realized that they had no allies after losing the
colonies. They were dependent on vulnerable transatlantic lines of communication. Inside the parliament the changes from fears of an over-mighty monarch to the issues of representation.

10. Native

Americans- Americans began to flood what ha preciously been considered

Native American territory. They push out the Native Americans and settle in their place. Native Americans east of the Mississippi distrusted the colonists and supported the British cause, hoping to stall continued colonial encroachment on their territories. This causing to lose alliance with the Americans.