NANOTECHNOLOGY IN GENE THERAPY Kumar Abhinav Electronic Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota Global

Institute Of Technology, Jaipur Hunt4rock@gmail.com Abstract-Gene introduced prevention of therapy for genetic is a recently or by suffer from the inherent difficulties of effective pharmaceutical processing and scale-up, and the possibility of the reversion of an engineered virus to the wild type. There are also serious questions about the immunogenicity of the viral vectors. Applications of nanotechnological tools in human gene therapy has been reviewed widely by Davis, who described nonviral vectors based on nanoparticles (usually 50-500 nm in size) that were already tested to transport plasmid DNA. He emphasized that nanotechnology in gene therapy would be applied to replace the currently used viral vectors by potentially less immunogenic nanosize gene carriers. So delivery of repaired genes or the replacement of incorrect genes are fields in which nanoscale objects could be introduced successfully. Keywords:-Gene Therapy, Vectors in Gene Therapy, Envelope Protien, Non Viral Gene Delivery, Nanoparticles, Expected Advantages

method

treatment disorders

correcting defective genes responsible for disease development based on the delivery of repaired genes or the replacement of incorrect ones. The most common approach for correcting faulty genes is insertion of a normal gene into a nonspecific location within the genome to replace normal a nonfunctional through or gene. An abnormal gene could also be swapped for a gene homologous through recombination repaired

selective reverse mutation, which returns the gene to its normal function . Three main types of gene delivery systems have been described: viral vectors, nonviral vectors (in the form of particles such as nanoparticles, liposomes, or dendrimers), and the direct injection of genetic materials into tissues using so-called gene guns. Viral vectors are attractive in terms of the scientific strategy exploiting the natural mechanisms. However, such systems could

INTRODUCTION Nonviral gene delivery has been gaining considerable attention recently. Although the efficacy of DNA transfection, which is a major concern, is low in nonviral vectormediated gene transfer compared with viral ones, nonviral vectors are relatively easy to prepare, less immunogenic and oncogenic, and have no potential of virus recombination and no limitation on the size of a transferred gene. The ability to incorporate genetic materials such as plasmid DNA, RNA, and siRNA into functionalized nanoparticles with little toxicity demonstrates a new era in pharmacotherapy for delivering genes selectively to tissues and cells. In this chapter, we highlight the basic concepts and applications of nonviral gene delivery using super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and functionalized silica nanoparticles.

For

treatment

of

neurodegenerative

diseases, stroke, and traumatic brain injury.

For treatment of both obesity and

diabetes. Cure diseases.

APPLICATIONS