LAC Planning

Location Area Planning
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Definition of Location Area

GSM mobile communication network is divided into multiple service areas according to the codes of location areas. Location area is the basic unit of paging areas in GSM system. The paging message of a subscriber is sent in all cells of a location area. A location area contains one or more BSCs, but it belongs to one MSC only.
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Definition of Location Area
Location Area Code LAC

Definition
To locate the location of MS, the whole area covered by each GSM PLMN is divided into different location areas. LAC is used to identify different location areas.
Format
LAI contains LAC, which is composed of two bytes. LAC adopts hexadecimal coding. The available range is from 0001H to FFFEH. The code 0000H and FFFFH cannot be used (please refer to specification GSM0303, 0408, and 1111). One location area can contain one or more cells.
Location Update
Purpose of location update: To inform the system the LA in which the MS is to facilitate paging
When need the MS perform location update Getting into a new LA Periodical location update
Size of location areas

The size of a location area, plays a key role in a GSM system. If the size of location area is too big, the paging traffic will be higher, perhaps PCH will be congestion. If the size of location area is too small, the MS will occur more location update process. The signaling traffic is higher, SDCCH channel perhaps be congestion.
Paging VS Location update Traffic

signaling traffic
Paging
Location update optimum number of cells in Loc. area # of cells in Loc. area
minimize signaling traffic optimum varies with network evolution
Division of location areas

If two or more location areas are present in a big city of great traffic, the landforms, such as mountains and rivers within this city can be used as edges of the location areas. If no such landforms available within this city, the areas (such as streets and shopping centers) with great traffic cannot be used as edges of the location areas. In the intersected areas of urban areas and suburban areas, to avoid frequent location update, should design the edges of location areas near the outer base stations.
Location Area Design For Dual-band

If 1800 MHz cells and 900 MHz cells are under the control of two MSCs respectively, their location areas are different. Related parameters should be set to maintain the mobile stations stay in the 1800 MHz cells where the traffic is absorbed. In this case, the times for the mobile station to handover between the two bands and reselect cells will decrease. Designing signaling channels, fully consider the load resulted from location update.

If 1800 MHz cells and 900 MHz cells share a MSC, at the early network construction stage, they are suggested to use the same location area without affecting the network capacity. If the restriction on paging capacity is present, two location areas must be divided for them either in terms of band or geographic location, as shown in Figure .

If the location is divided in terms of geographic location, the frequent location updates resulted from inter-band handover and cell reselection can be avoided. However, need to modify the related data of the original 900 MHz network. In addition, at the edges of the location areas, because the location updates caused by intra-band and inter-band handover and cell reselection is present simultaneously, the signaling flow is huge at these edges. As a result, carefully design the edges of the location areas.
Physical Combination of Logical Channel

26-frame multi-frame
TCH/F+SACCH/F (full-rate TCH) TCH/H+SACCH/H (half-rate TCH)
51-frames multi-frame
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH) FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4 (combined BCCH) BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH) SDCCH/8+SACCH/8 (main SDCCH)
Structure of Main BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group3,4
Group Channel Frame Number

F 0 S 1
Group1
Group2
(same as Group2)
Grpup5
BX4 2-5
CX4 6-9
F 10
S 11
CX4 12-15
CX4 16-19
20-39
F 40
S 41
CX4 42-45
CX4 46-49
I 50
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel Frame Number R R R R R R R R R R R R R RR R R R R
10
11
12
13-46
47
48
49
50
F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

Structure of Combined BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink Group Group1 B 4 C 4 Group2 C 4 C 4 Group3 D0 4 D1 4 Group4 D2 4 D3 4 Grpup5 A0 4 A1 4 Channel F S F S F S F S F S I
Channel
B 4
C 4
C 4
C 4
D0 4
D1 4
D2 4
D3 4
A2 4
A3 4
Frame Number
2-5
6-9
10
11
1215
1619
20
21
2225
2629
30
31
3235
3639
40
41
4245
4649
50
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Channel Channel Frame Number D3 4 D0 4 0-3 R R 4 R R 5 A2 4 A0 4 6-9 A3 4 A1 4 10-13 RR RR 14-36
Uplink D1 4 D1 4 41-44 R R 45 R R 46 D2 4 D2 4 47-50
D0 4 D0 4 37-40
F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; D:SDCCH ;A:SACCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-Main SDCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink Channel D0 4 D0 4 0-3 D1 4 D1 4 4-7 D2 4 D2 4 8-11 D3 4 D3 4 1215 D4 4 D4 4 1619 D5 4 D5 4 2023 D6 4 D6 4 2427 D7 4 D7 4 2831 A0 4 A4 4 3235 A1 4 A5 4 3639 A2 4 A6 4 4043 A3 4 A7 4 4447 I I I
Channel Frame Number
48
49
50
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink Channel Channel Frame Number A5 4 A1 4 0-3 A6 4 A2 4 4-7 A7 4 A3 4 8-11 I I 12 I I 13 I I 14 D0 4 D0 4 1518 D1 4 D1 4 1922 D2 4 D2 4 2326 D3 4 D3 4 2730 D4 4 D4 4 3134 D5 4 D5 4 3538 D6 4 D6 4 3942 D7 4 D7 4 4346 A0 4 A4 4 4750
D:SDCCH; A:SACCH; I:IDLE

ATT
Value range: Yes, No Content It is used to inform MS whether IMSI attach-detach is allowed in this cell. If it is set to Yes, the network will not process the connection to the called mobile subscriber when MS is power-off. Thus network processing time and radio resources are saved. Otherwise the network will process the connection even though the MS has been powered off. Recommendation Yes
CCCH_CONF
Value range: 1 Non-Compounding CCCH, 1 Compounding CCCH, 2 Non-Compounding CCCHs, 3 Non-compounding CCCHs, 4 Noncompounding CCCHs. Content: It is Common Control Channel Configuration. CCCH configuration determines the capacity of PCH, AGCH and RACH. This parameter can be automatically configured by the BSC Data Auto Configuration System according to the TRX channel configuration. Recommendation: When there is one TRX in the cell, one combined CCCH is recommended (in a system with few paging messages in location area). For others, it is configured according to the number of TRX in the cell.
BS_AG_BLKS_RES
Value range: 0~2 (1 combined CCCH), 0~7 (others) Unit: Block Content: It is also called Access Granted Blocks Reserved. It is the number of CCCH channel message blocks that are reserved in one multi-frame for access granted channels (AGCH). Recommendation: 2 (non-combined CCCH)
10
BS_PA_MFRAMES
Value range: 2 9 Unit: Multi-frame period (51 frames) Content: It is Paging Channel Multi-frames. It defines the number of multi-frames used as a cycle of paging subchannels. Recommendation: 2
T3212
Value range: 0~255 Unit: 6 minutes Content: It is the Periodic Location Update Timer. It defines the interval of periodic location update. Recommendation: 30 (for urban area), 20 (for suburban area)
11
CRH
Value Range: 0~14, the step size is 2dB Unit: dB Default Value: 6 Description: Cell Reselection Hysteresis. It is the parameter used when cell reselection happens between two location areas. Location: Cell Attributes/Idle Mode/Basic Idle Parameters
TCH Immediate Assignment

Value Range: Yes, No Default Value : No Description: Option "Yes" means that TCH channel can be immediately assigned as signaling and traffic channel when SDCCH has no available resource. The option "No" means that only SDCCH can be assigned. Location: Cell Attributes
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Calculating For Location Area

Generally, the capacity of a location area is calculated as follows: The number of paging blocks sent in each second the maximum paging times in each second. the number of paging messages sent in each paging block =

The number of paging blocks sent in each second 1 frame = 4.61ms, 1 multiframe = 51 frames = 0.2354s;
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suppose the number of access grant blocks is AGB, the number of blocks, the number of paging blocks sent in each second is calculated by the following formulas: For non-combined BCCH, the number of paging blocks sent in each second = (9 AGB)/0.2345 (paging block/second).
For non-combined BCCH, the AGB is 2 according to Huawei BSC. Therefore, the number of paging blocks sent in each second is 29.7 (paging block/second).

suppose the number of access grant blocks is AGB, the number of blocks, the number of paging blocks sent in each second is calculated by the following formulas: For combined BCCH, the number of paging blocks sent in each second = (3 AGB)/0.2345 (paging block/second).
For combined-BCCH, the AGB is 1, so the number of paging blocks sent in each second is 8.5 (paging blocks/second).
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The number of paging messages sent in each paging block (X)
According to protocols, each paging block has 23 bytes, and can send 2 IMSI pages, or 2 TMSI and 1 IMSI pages, or 4 TMSI pages. According to the paging strategies of Huawei MSC, if the IMSI paging mechanism is adopted, the number of paging messages sent in each paging blocks is 2 (paging times/paging block); if the TMSI paging mechanism is adopted, it is 4 (paging times/paging block)

If the IMSI paging mechanism is adopted, for non-combined BCCH when AGB = 2, P = 59.47 (paging times/second); For combined-BCCH when AGB = 1, P = 16.99 (paging times/second);
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If the TMSI paging mechanism is adopted, for non-combined BCCH, when AGB = 2, P = 118.95 (paging times/second); For combined BCCH, when AGB = 1, P = 33.98 (paging times/second);

Paging Capability (Hour)= [(CCCH CONF-BS AG BLKS RES) Paging Strategy 3600] / [51 TDMA period (1+Sencond Paging Ratio)]
Paging Strategy: IMSI paging or TMSI paging
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LAC Capability (ERL)= [(CCCH CONF-BS AG BLKS RES) Paging Strategy Paging Ratio) Average Holding Time Average Paging Load at BTS ] / [51 TDMA period (1+Sencond MTC Ratio]
Paging Strategy: IMSI paging or TMSI paging

LAC Capability (TRX)= LAC Capability (ERL) / Average Traffic Volume per TRX (1+TCHH Ratio) ]
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CCCH CONF BS AG BLKS RES Sencond Paging Ratio Paging Strategy Main BCCH 5 15% TMSI

CCCH CONF BS AG BLKS RES BS PA MFRMS Sencond Paging Ratio MTC Ratio 9 2 2 15% 50%
Average Paging Load at BTS

TCHH Ratio Average Holding Time Paging Strategy Average Traffic Volume per TRX
50%
70% 58 TMSI 4.8
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Paging Capability (Hour) = [(9 - 2) 2 4 3600] = 372813 51 0.00461 2 (1 + 0.15)
LAC Capability (ERL) =
[(9 - 2) 4 58] 0.5 = 6006 51 0.00461 (1 + 0.15) 0.5
LAC Capability (TRX)= 6006 / 4.8
(1+ 0.7) ] =736
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Thank you
www.huawei.com
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LAC Planning

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LAC Planning

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Location Area Planning

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Definition of Location Area

Definition of Location Area

Location Area Code LAC

Size of location areas

Paging VS Location update Traffic

minimize signaling traffic optimum varies with network evolution

Division of location areas

Location Area Design For Dual-band

Location Area Design For Dual-band

Location Area Design For Dual-band

Location Area Design For Dual-band

Location Area Design For Dual-band

Physical Combination of Logical Channel

Structure of Main BCCH

Group Channel Frame Number

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

Structure of Combined BCCH

Uplink D1 4 D1 4 41-44 R R 45 R R 46 D2 4 D2 4 47-50

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; D:SDCCH ;A:SACCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-Main SDCCH

Channel Frame Number

D:SDCCH; A:SACCH; I:IDLE

TCH Immediate Assignment

Calculating For Location Area

Calculating For Location Area

Calculating For Location Area

Calculating For Location Area

Calculating For Location Area

Calculating For Location Area

Calculating For Location Area

Calculating For Location Area

Paging Strategy: IMSI paging or TMSI paging

Calculating For Location Area

Paging Strategy: IMSI paging or TMSI paging

Calculating For Location Area

Calculating For Location Area

Calculating For Location Area

Average Paging Load at BTS

Calculating For Location Area

LAC Capability (ERL) =

[(9 - 2) 4 58] 0.5 = 6006 51 0.00461 (1 + 0.15) 0.5

LAC Capability (TRX)= 6006 / 4.8

(1+ 0.7) ] =736

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