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In many cases it is possible that the dominant difference in stiffness between the diaphragm and the other parts of the de stiffness. Although difficulties inevitably arise from overlapping members within a skewed deck, it is often sufficient to members to represent the stiffness of the cellular section, and to superimpose on this a diaphragm - usually in a skewed d flexural stiffness equal to its own net dimensions, and a shear area equal to its actual cross-sectional area.
Back Grillage & space frame analogy General guidelines for grillage layout Sectional properties of grillage members Application & load transfer to nodes Interpretation of results Grillage idealization of slab on girder decks Sample Staad file for analysis of Tgirder deck

It is within a skewed deck that the accurate assessment of the torsional stiffness becomes more significant as otherwise zones of skew support will not be evaluated realistically.

Variations in the plan geometry of a deck can introduce problems of tapering cells, which make the adoption of an orthog majority of cellular structure diaphragm members are contained within the depth of the deck. The force systems resu intersections between the diaphragm and the web members themselves. They represent the force field in the total deck a part of the diaphragm members will not be significantly affected by the torsion, which will be resisted by the top and bottom an intersection between such members for the torsion which a grillage analysis implies is transmitted through the connect effort.

In any structure which is prestressed the forces developed by the prestressing force are intended to oppose those arising fro the geometry of the deck is that it will induce a complex system of forces the intensity of these resultant forces in the real s the opposition between the prestress and the applied loading. It is, therefore, of fundamental importance to include the pre analysis.

As a first step in a grillage analysis the continuum of the deck must be idealized into a series of discrete elements. These ele or nodes and it is at these joints that restraints to movement i.e. supports or fixity and loads can be applied. Restraints m members framing into a joint can be at any angle. It is thus possible to analyze a deck, with any support conditions - simply s available computer programs it is possible to include some or all of the restraints as elastic restraints. Thus simulating fo deformation of the elastic shortening of support columns. It has been found from the analysis of experimental work that quite can have pronounced effect upon the moments and reactions in the slab. It is therefore desirable to have in the grillage simu the whole structure including the supports.

An additional use of the option to apply elastic rotation restraints exists in a continuous structure. Rather than idealizing all the restraining effect of the deck which is more than one span away from the position at which moments are required ca rotation restraint.
Links: home, IKB, intro, bridge types, codes, forces, parameters: superstr. substr., hydrological, sub-surface, bearings, exp jts., T-girder design, advisor

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