Living Science (Second Edition) Unit Test 2

9 Space travel

S2 Science Test Unit 9 Space travel

Name:____________________________ Class: ____________________________ Date: ____________________________ Note: 1 2 Attempt ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Answer Sheets. Time and Marks Part A: 35 min / 100 marks Parts A & B: 45 min / 120 marks

Part A (Level 1) A
True or false questions
(5 marks, 1 mark each)

Study each of the following statements. Write T for a true statement and F for a false statement on the answer sheets. 1 2 3 4 5 Force can change the speed, the direction of motion and the shape of an object. The unit of the weight of an object is the kilogram (kg) or gram (g). Both the rocket and the space shuttle are reusable. The Sun can transfer its solar energy to the Earth by radiation because radiation can travel through a vacuum. When a spacecraft re-enters the atmosphere of the Earth from space, it will slow down due to air friction.

B
1

Multiple-choice questions

(20 marks, 2 marks each)

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions. Which of the following is the unit of force? A B C D 2 Joule Volt Kilogram Newton

Which of the following statements about friction is incorrect? A B C D Moving against friction can produce heat. An object at rest does not experience friction. Friction helps us walk or run along an inclined road. Ball bearings can be used to reduce friction.

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Living Science (Second Edition) Unit Test 2

9 Space travel

Which of the following methods can be used to reduce friction? (1) (2) (3) A B C D Supporting the moving object on a layer of air. Making moving objects to be more streamlined in shape. Lubricating moving objects with oil or water. (1) only (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following statements about the mass or the weight is correct? A B C D The mass of an object changes with different locations. We feel weightless when playing Bungee jump because the force of gravity acting on us disappears. If the mass of an astronaut is 65 kg, his approximate weight on the Earth will be 650 N. Astronauts experience weightlessness when they stand on the Moon.

What is the major reason for the space shuttle shown on the right to be designed in streamlined shape? A B C D To reduce the force of gravity acting on the space shuttle. To reduce the air friction when the space shuttle travels through the atmosphere. To increase the volume of the space shuttle. To increase the surface area of the space shuttle.

Which of the following are the common types of liquid fuels for rockets? A B C D Liquid hydrogen and oil Liquid hydrogen and alcohol Liquid oxygen and alcohol Liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen

Which of the following are the problems faced by astronauts when they work outside the spacecraft? (1) (2) (3) (4) A B C D The temperature range is large in space. Lack of oxygen in space. Exposed to harmful radiation in space. Have to work in the weightless condition in space. (1) and (2) only (1), (2) and (3) only (1), (3) and (4) only (1), (2), (3) and (4)

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Living Science (Second Edition) Unit Test 2

9 Space travel

The outermost garment of a spacesuit is shiny. The main reason for this design is A B C D to block and reflect the harmful radiation. to maintain the pressure similar to that on the Earth. to have a better appearance. to absorb heat energy in order to maintain the astronauts body temperature.

Which of the following countries launched the first satellite? A B C D US Germany USSR China

10

Which of the following are the space spin-offs? (1) (2) (3) (4) A B C D High energy food Wrinkle-resistant clothes Scratch-resistant lenses New materials used in making aircrafts (1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3) only (1), (2), (3) and (4)

C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Fill in the blanks

(20 marks, 2 marks each)

Complete the following sentences. In the laboratory, force is measured by a The hovercraft makes use of a layer of On the Earth, the weight of an object is the c d a . This instrument is also called a b .

to reduce friction when moving over the sea. on it by the f e .

The direction of action and reaction forces are always A rocket has different g

to each other.

which can be dropped off to reduce its weight as it travels. h . i condition.

The conduction of heat is efficient only in

Astronauts need to do exercise inside the spacecraft to keep muscles strong in the j

is the device that orbits around the Earth. Its functions include positioning, communication and

observation.

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Living Science (Second Edition) Unit Test 2

9 Space travel

D
1

Questions

(55 marks)

The figures below show the motion of pucks in different situations. puck

puck small bead

B balloon

puck with a hole

puck with a hole

C a b

D (4 marks)

Refer to figures A and C. If the pucks are pushed, will the pucks move fast? Explain. Will the pucks in figures B and D move faster or slower than the pucks in figures A and C? Explain.

(5 marks) (4 marks)

c 2

List four uses of friction.

The figures below show a person weighs the same object at different locations.

On the Earth a b c State the definitions of mass and weight of an object.

On the Moon (4 marks)

Compare the weight of the object on the Earth to that on the Moon. Explain the difference. (3 marks) If the mass of the object 2 kg, calculate their approximate weights on the Earth and on the Moon respectively. (4 marks)

This person can feel his weight no matter he stands on the surface of the Earth or on the surface of the Moon. Explain. (4 marks)

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Living Science (Second Edition) Unit Test 2

9 Space travel

The figure on the right shows a simple liquid-fuel rocket. a In the diagram, draw the rocket engine and draw experienced by the rocket. b to illustrate the action force produced by to illustrate the reaction force (4 marks) X

Briefly explain the principle behind the launching of a rocket into space. (4 marks) (2 marks) Y

c d

List the types of fuel stored inside tank X and tank Y respectively. Some rockets carry satellites to the space. Give two examples on the uses of satellites.

(2 marks)

The figure below shows Neil Armstrong walking on the Moon in 1969.

a b

Armstrong felt weightless at some parts of the space journey to the Moon. Explain.

(3 marks)

Armstrong needed to work outside the spacecraft. List four environmental conditions in space that are unfavourable to him. (4 marks) (4 marks) (4 marks)

c d

List four functions of Armstrongs spacesuit. Give two milestones of space exploration in China.

End of Part A

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Living Science (Second Edition) Unit Test 2

9 Space travel

Part B (Level 2) (20 marks) Space Tour

Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Dream Comes True

SpaceShipOne is the first manned spacecraft ( ) specially designed for taking general public into space. It is financed and designed by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and spacecraft engineer Burt Rutan. It was successfully launched at the Mojave Airport in California on 21 June 2004. SpaceShipOne was lifted by a turbojet ( ) White Knight to a distance of about 15 km above the ground. Then, it was released from White Knight. Its rocket engine was ignited promptly and it travelled at a very high speed to pass through the atmosphere. After several minutes, it returned and slide back down to the runway.

White Knight

SpaceShipOne

Burt Rutan said that this flight would be the milestone of space tour to the general public. The dream of space tour will come true to general public in the near future.
Source of photo and acknowledgement: Scaled Composites

Why was SpaceShipOne chosen to be launched at the Mojave Airport which is located at a desert region? (4 marks) (6 marks)

2 3

What are the requirements on the design of SpaceShipOne? List three. The passengers of SpaceShipOne must have healthy hearts and lungs. Why? Suggest three reasons.

(6 marks)

What is the similarity between the launch and return of SpaceShipOne and that of a space shuttle? (4 marks)

End of Part B

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Living Science (Second Edition) Unit Test 2

9 Space travel

S2 Science Test Unit 9 Space travel Answer Sheets

Name: ______________ ____ Class: ____________ Marks: ____
Total: 100% (Part A) / 120% (Parts A & B)
Section A Total Do not write in this box

Part A (Level 1) A True or false questions (5 marks, 1 mark each)

2 __________ 3 __________ 4 __________ 5 __________

1 __________

Multiple-choice questions (20 marks, 2 marks each)

2 __________ 7 __________ 3 __________ 8 __________ 4 __________ 5 __________

Section B Total Do not write in this box

1 __________ 6 __________

9 __________ 10 __________

Fill in the blanks (20 marks, 2 marks each)

b ______________________ e ______________________ h ______________________ c ______________________ f ______________________ i ______________________
Section C Total Do not write in this box

a ______________________ d ______________________ g ______________________ j ______________________

Questions (55 marks)

1 a ___________________________________________________________________________ b ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ c ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2 a ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ b ___________________________________________________________________________ c ___________________________________________________________________________

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Living Science (Second Edition) Unit Test 2

9 Space travel

d ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3 a b ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ c ____________________________________________________ d ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 4 a ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ b ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ c ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ d ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
Section D Total Do not write in this box

Part B (Level 2) (20 marks)

1 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2 ______________________________________________________________________________ 3 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
Part B Total Do not write in this box

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Living Science (Second Edition) Unit Test 2

9 Space travel

S2 Science Test (Unit 9 Space travel) Answers Part A (Level 1) A 1T B 1D C True or false questions (5%) 2F 3F 4T 5T 1 m each

Multiple-choice questions (20%) 2B 3D 4C 5B 6D 7D 8A 9C 10 C 2 m each

Fill in the blanks (20%) b spring balance / newton balance g stage h conductors c air i weightless d pull j Satellite 2 m each f opposite

a newton balance / spring balance e Earth

D Questions (55%) 1 a No, the pucks will move slowly. Because the friction is great when the pucks slide on the bench. 4m b The pucks in figures B and D will move faster. 1m Figure B: The friction is much reduced by changing the motion of the puck from sliding on the bench to rolling on the beads.; Figure D: The balloon produces a layer of air to support the puck, thus the friction is greatly reduced. 4m c Helps us walk, open the bottles cap, pick up food with chopsticks and rub out words on paper by a rubber. 1 m each 2 a The mass of an object is the amount of matter in the object. The weight of an object is the pull on the object by the Earth. 2 m each b The weight of the object will be lighter on the Moon. Because the force of gravity of the Moon is smaller. 3m c On the Earth: 20 N; on the Moon: 3.2 N 2 m each d The force of gravity of the Earth or the force of gravity of the Moon acts on his body. Under the effect of the reaction force, the support given by the ground makes him feel his weight. 4m 3 a b According to the principle of action and reaction pairs, the gases ejected downwards through the rocket nozzles produce a very great reaction force to push the rocket upwards. 4m c Tank X: liquid hydrogen; tank Y: liquid oxygen 1 m each d Positioning / communication / observation (any 2 or other reasonable answers) 1 m each 2 m each 4 a b c d In some parts of the journey, the gravity of the Earth was cancelled by the gravity of the Moon. Armstrong felt no support given by the floor of the spacecraft. Thus he felt weightless. 3m The temperature range is large / strong and harmful radiation from the Sun / weightlessness / lack of oxygen / unstable pressure (any 4) 1 m each To maintain body temperature. / To maintain the pressure similar to that on the Earth. / To block the strong and harmful radiation from the Sun. / To treat body waste. / To supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. (any 4) 1 m each China launched her first satellite Red East 1 in 1970. / China launched her first spacecraft Shenzhou 1 in 1999. / China launched her first manned spacecraft Shenzhou 5 in 2003. (any 2) 2 m each

Part B (Level 2) (20%) 1 2 3 4 To reduce the risk of danger to residential areas caused by the launching of the spacecraft. Streamlined in shape, made by hard but light material, shiny body to reflect radiation. Once the spacecraft was launched, the passengers may suffer from changes in pressure, experience weightlessness and need to stay in a small space. So, their hearts and lungs must be healthy. Launch: Both of them are carried to a distance high above the ground by launchers, then released from the launchers and traveled at a very high speed to pass through the atmosphere by igniting the rocket engines. Return: Both of them slide back down to the runway. 4m 2 m each 2 m each

2 m each

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