INDEX

CON TEN TS INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENT BIBLOPGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

Boiling Point of a liquid can be defined as the temperature at which the vapor presence of its become atmospheric pressure since the Boiling Point of a liquid depend on atmospheric pressure which varies from place to place hence boiling point of a substance also varies for expl. The Boiling Point of water at sea level is 100 C but it is lower on the heats where atmospheric pressure is less but at all the under normal atmosphere that is 76 cm of Hg, Boiling Point of liquid is same. Pressure of impurity generally rises as Boiling Point. For variation in Boiling Point the only force responsible is week Vander Wall Force. It depends on surface area & more is the Boiling Point this force is directly proportional to area. As the molecular weight of Alkenes increases the total surface area increase. So Vander Wall Force

increase which tents to increase Boiling Point too. With the increases in branching the Boiling Point is increase Most the accurate method of determination of Boiling Point is to measure the temperature at which required distill but this method required large amount of substance tents, so when the substance is not available in large amount than some other method can be employed. If enough liquid is abailevel it can be distill in a distillation apparatus in constant temperature recorded by the thermometer is Boiling Point. COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES: The dilute solution of non volatile solutes exhibit certain characteristics properties of the solution which depends only on the No. of solute particles but not the nature of the solute are called Colligate Properties.

ELEVATION IN BOILING POINT: The Boiling Point of liquid is the temperature at which pressure its vapour pressure become equal to the atmospheric pressure. We have learnt the vapor pressure of solution containing not volatile solute is less then that of the solvent. Therefore the solution has to be heated to higher temperature so that its vapor pressure become equal to the atmospheric pressure thus the Boiling Point of the solution is always higher then that of the pure solvent the deference in the Boiling Point of the solution (Tb) and pure solvent (Tb) is called the Elevation in Boiling Point. The elevation in Boiling Point on the edition of not volatile. Solute to a solvent can be easily shown by graphically. The vapor pressure of pure solvent or solution increases with rises in temperature is shown in

graph. The curve AB gives the vapor pressure for the pure solvent and the curve CD gives vapor pressure for the solution at different temperature. It is clear from the figure that vapor pressure of the pure solvent become equal to the atmospheric pressure at X ( correspondence to temperature Tb) while the vapor pressure of solution become equal to atmospheric pressure at Y ( corresponding to temperature Tb). Thus the Boiling point of the pure solvent is Tb. While that of the solution is Tb since Tb > Tb. There is an elevation or increases in Boiling Temperature of the solution as compare to that of solvent. Tb = Tb - Tb Tb directly proportional to M Tb = Kb M Kb = MRTb2 / vapor H. 1000

EXPERIMENT
DETERMINATION POINT OF LIQUID: OF BOILING

Pure liquid have sharp Boiling Points. Determination of Boiling Point is good means for judging its purity. Because we know that on addition of impurity, boiling point of liquid increases. REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, Thermometer, Wire Gauge, Concentrated H2SO4, Stirrer, Capillary Tube, Fusion Tube, Burner. PRINCIPLE: Boiling Point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure, thus, Boiling Point changes according to the pressure.

Boiling Point is also determined with the use of thistle tube or any other liquid both arrangement for determined of Boiling Point the test liquid is taken into fusion tube capillary tube is dipped in it in such that its open end dipped in liquid and closed end towards up direction as the Boiling starts bubbles are found in capillary tube and than Boiling Temperature is noted. PROCEDURE: Like determined of a Melting Point there are three steps in Boiling Point determination. 1. Preparation of End fixing of Capillary and Fusion Tube: The liquid whose Boiling Point is to be determined is taken in a fusion tube it is not filled more than half. Now one Capillary Tube which has one end is dipped in the fusion tube in such a

way that its closed end is towards upper side and open end is dipped in liquid or fusion tube. The fusion tube containing liquid and capillary tube is attached with thermometer by a rubber band near the mouth of tube.

2. Fixing of Thermometer in Thieles Tube or Acid Bath: Thermometer along with Fusion Tube is dipped in concentrated H2SO4 of liquid filled in beaker or Thieles tube if Thieles Tube is not available 100 ml corning beaker can be taken. In fixing care should be taken the bubble of thermometer is dipped in acid while open end of fusion tube is out side of the bath. 3. Boiling Point Determination: The whole device is now heated with the help of burner uniformly. Stirrer is

used for constant stirring to maintain uniform temperature through the whole liquid. As the temperature approaches to Boiling Point bubbles comes out of capillary tube. On continues bubbling heating is stopped and this temperature is noted down. This temperature is Boiling Point of that organic liquid which is taken in to fusion tube. PRECAUTIONS:
1.

Fusion tube is attached with thermometer by rubber hand. Rubber band or Any thread should be near to be mouth, so that it is not dipped in acid. is

2. Selected end of capillary dipped in organic liquid.

3. About one third of fusion tube is filled with organic liquid. 4. Heating should be uniformed.
5.

Liquid paraffins or concentrated H2SO4 should be pure.

BIBLIOPGRAPH Y
1. 2. 3. 4.

www.yahoo.com www.google.com www.live.com www.rediffmail.com