List of Antibiotics

List of antibiotics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
3/6/13 1:50 PM
List of antibiotics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Following is the list of antibiotics, sorted by class. The highest division is between bactericidal antibiotics and bacteriostatic antibiotics. Bactericidals kill bacteria directly where bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing. However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior; in practice, both of these are capable of ending a bacterial infection.[1] See also pathogenic bacteria for a list of antibiotics sorted by target bacteria. Antibiotics by class Generic name Brand names Common uses[2] Possible side effects[2] Mechanism of action Binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyltRNA from the A-site to the Psite and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth.
Aminoglycosides Amikacin Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Netilmicin Tobramycin Amikin Garamycin Kantrex Infections caused Neo-Fradin[3] by Gram-negative bacteria, such as Netromycin Escherichia coli Nebcin and Klebsiella particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Effective against Aerobic bacteria (not Humatin obligate/facultative anaerobes) and tularemia.
Hearing loss Vertigo Kidney damage
Paromomycin
Spectinomycin Geldanamycin Herbimycin Rifaximin
Trobicin
Gonorrhea Ansamycins Experimental, as antitumor antibiotics
Xifaxan
Traveler's diarrhea caused by E. coli Carbacephem prevents bacterial cell
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Loracarbef
Lorabid
Discontinued
bacterial cell division by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
Carbapenems Ertapenem Doripenem Imipenem/Cilastatin Invanz Doribax Primaxin Bactericidal for both Grampositive and Gramnegative organisms and therefore useful for empiric broad-spectrum antibacterial coverage. (Note MRSA resistance to this class.)
Meropenem
Merrem
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea Inhibition of cell Seizures wall synthesis Headache Rash and allergic reactions
Cephalosporins (First generation) Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cefalotin or Cefalothin Duricef Ancef Keflin (discontinued) Good coverage against Gram positive infections. Keflex Same mode of action as other Gastrointestinal beta-lactam upset and diarrhea antibiotics: Nausea (if alcohol disrupt the taken synthesis of the concurrently) peptidoglycan Allergic reactions layer of bacterial cell walls. Same mode of action as other Gastrointestinal beta-lactam upset and diarrhea antibiotics: Nausea (if alcohol disrupt the taken synthesis of the concurrently) peptidoglycan Allergic reactions layer of bacterial cell walls.
Cefalexin
Cephalosporins (Second generation) Cefaclor Cefamandole Cefoxitin Cefprozil Cefuroxime Distaclor Mandol (discontinued) Less gram positive Mefoxin cover, improved (discontinued) gram negative cover. Cefzil Ceftin, Zinnat (UK) Cephalosporins (Third generation) Cefixime Cefdinir Cefditoren Suprax Omnicef, Cefdiel Spectracef Same mode of action as other
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Cefoperazone Cefotaxime Cefpodoxime Ceftazidime Ceftibuten Ceftizoxime Ceftriaxone
Cefobid Improved coverage (discontinued) of Gram negative organisms, except Claforan Pseudomonas. Vantin Reduced Gram positive cover. Fortaz Cedax Cefizox (discontinued) Rocephin Cephalosporins (Fourth generation)
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently) Allergic reactions
beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.
Cefepime
Maxipime
Covers pseudomonal infections.
Same mode of action as other Gastrointestinal beta-lactam upset and diarrhea antibiotics: Nausea (if alcohol disrupt the taken synthesis of the concurrently) peptidoglycan Allergic reactions layer of bacterial cell walls. Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: Gastrointestinal disrupt the upset and diarrhea synthesis of the Allergic reaction peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Same mode of action as other beta-lactam Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea antibiotics: Nausea (if alcohol disrupt the synthesis of the taken peptidoglycan concurrently) Allergic reactions layer of bacterial cell walls.
Cephalosporins (Fifth generation)
Ceftaroline fosamil
Teflaro
Used to treat MRSA
Ceftobiprole
Zeftera
Used to treat MRSA
Glycopeptides
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Teicoplanin Vancomycin
Telavancin
Targocid (UK) Active against aerobic and Vancocin anaerobic Gram positive bacteria including MRSA; Vancomycin is Vibativ used orally for the treatment of C. difficile Lincosamides Cleocin Serious staph-, pneumo-, and streptococcal infections in penicillin-allergic patients, also anaerobic infections; clindamycin topically for acne Lipopeptide
inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis
Clindamycin
Lincomycin
Lincocin
Possible C. difficilerelated pseudomembranous enterocolitis
Bind to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomal RNA thereby inhibiting protein synthesis
Daptomycin
Cubicin
Gram-positive organisms
Bind to the membrane and cause rapid depolarization, resulting in a loss of membrane potential leading to inhibition of protein, DNA and RNA synthesis
Macrolides Azithromycin Clarithromycin Dirithromycin Erythromycin Roxithromycin

Zithromax, Sumamed, Xithrone
Streptococcal infections, Biaxin syphilis, upper respiratory tract Dynabac (discontinued) infections, lower respiratory tract Erythocin, infections, Erythroped mycoplasmal infections, Lyme disease
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (especially at higher doses) Prolonged QT interval (especially erythromycin) Jaundice
inhibition of bacterial protein biosynthesis by binding reversibly to the subunit 50S of the bacterial ribosome, thereby
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Troleandomycin Telithromycin Spiramycin
Tao (discontinued) Ketek Rovamycine Pneumonia Mouth infections Monobactams Visual Disturbance, Liver Toxicity.[4]
inhibiting translocation of peptidyl tRNA.
Aztreonam
Azactam
Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Nitrofurans Bacterial or protozoal diarrhea or enteritis Urinary tract infections Oxazolidonones Thrombocytopenia Peripheral neuropathy
Furazolidone Nitrofurantoin
Furoxone Macrodantin, Macrobid
Linezolid
Zyvox
VRSA
Posizolid Radezolid Torezolid
Phase II clinical trials Phase II clinical trials Phase II clinical trials Penicillins Novamox, Amoxil Principen (discontinued)
Protein synthesis inhibitor; prevents the initiation step
Amoxicillin Ampicillin Azlocillin
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Carbenicillin
Geocillin (discontinued) Tegopen (discontinued) Dynapen (discontinued) Floxapen (Sold to European generics Actavis Group) Same mode of Gastrointestinal action as other upset and diarrhea beta-lactam Allergy with antibiotics: serious disrupt the anaphylactic synthesis of the reactions peptidoglycan Brain and kidney layer of damage (rare) bacterial cell walls.
Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin
Flucloxacillin
Mezlocillin Methicillin Nafcillin Oxacillin Penicillin G Penicillin V Piperacillin Penicillin G Temocillin Ticarcillin
Wide range of infections; penicillin used for streptococcal infections, Mezlin (discontinued) syphilis, and Lyme disease Staphcillin (discontinued) Unipen (discontinued) Prostaphlin (discontinued) Pentids (discontinued) Veetids (PenVee-K) (discontinued) Pipracil (discontinued) Pfizerpen Negaban (UK) (discontinued) Ticar (discontinued) Penicillin combinations Augmentin Unasyn Zosyn Timentin Polypeptides
Amoxicillin/clavulanate Ampicillin/sulbactam Piperacillin/tazobactam Ticarcillin/clavulanate
The second component prevents bacterial resistance to the first component
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Bacitracin
Colistin
Polymyxin B
Eye, ear or bladder infections; usually Coly-Mycin-S applied directly to the eye or inhaled into the lungs; rarely given by injection, although Kidney and nerve the use of damage (when given by intravenous injection) colistin is experiencing a resurgence due to the emergence of multi drug resistant organisms.
Inhibits isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule that carries the building blocks of the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall outside of the inner membrane [5] Interact with the gram negative bacterial outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane. It displaces bacterial counter ions, which destabilizes the outer membrane. They act like a detergent against the cytoplasmic membrane, which alters its permeability. Polymyxin B and E are bactericidal even in an isosmotic solution.
Quinolones Ciprofloxacin Enoxacin Gatifloxacin Levofloxacin Lomefloxacin

Cipro, Ciproxin, Ciprobay Penetrex Tequin Levaquin Maxaquin
Urinary tract infections, bacterial prostatitis, communityacquired pneumonia,
Nausea (rare),
inhibit the bacterial DNA gyrase or the

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Moxifloxacin Nalidixic acid Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Trovafloxacin Grepafloxacin Sparfloxacin Temafloxacin Mafenide Sulfacetamide Sulfadiazine Silver sulfadiazine Sulfadimethoxine Sulfamethizole Sulfamethoxazole Sulfanilimide (archaic) Sulfasalazine Sulfisoxazole
Avelox NegGram Noroxin Floxin, Ocuflox Trovan Raxar Zagam Omniflox Sulfamylon Sulamyd, Bleph-10 Micro-Sulfon Silvadene Di-Methox, Albon Thiosulfil Forte Gantanol Azulfidine Gantrisin
bacterial diarrhea, mycoplasmal infections, gonorrhea
irreversible damage to central nervous system (uncommon), tendinosis (rare)
topoisomerase IV enzyme, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription.
Withdrawn Withdrawn Withdrawn Withdrawn Sulfonamides Folate synthesis inhibition. They are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase, DHPS. DHPS catalyses the conversion of Nausea, vomiting, PABA (paraand diarrhea aminobenzoate) Allergy (including to skin rashes) dihydropteroate, Crystals in urine a key step in Kidney failure folate synthesis. Decrease in white Folate is blood cell count necessary for Sensitivity to the cell to sunlight synthesize nucleic acids (nucleic acids are essential building blocks of DNA and RNA), and in its absence cells will be unable to divide.
Urinary tract infections (except sulfacetamide, used for eye infections, and mafenide and silver sulfadiazine, used topically for burns)
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Bactrim, (Co-trimoxazole) (TMP-SMX) Septra
Sulfonamidochrysoidine (archaic)
Prontosil Tetracyclines
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Demeclocycline Doxycycline Minocycline Oxytetracycline
Declomycin Vibramycin Minocin Terramycin Syphilis, chlamydial infections, Lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections, acne rickettsial infections, *malaria *Note: Malaria is caused by a protist and not a bacterium. Gastrointestinal upset Sensitivity to sunlight Potential toxicity to mother and fetus during pregnancy Enamel hypoplasia (staining of teeth; potentially permanent) transient depression of bone growth inhibiting the binding of aminoacyltRNA to the mRNAribosome complex. They do so mainly by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit in the mRNA translation complex.
Tetracycline
Sumycin, Achromycin V, Steclin
Drugs against mycobacteria Clofazimine Dapsone Capreomycin Cycloserine Ethambutol Ethionamide Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Lamprene Avlosulfon Capastat Seromycin Myambutol Trecator I.N.H. Aldinamide Rifadin, Rimactane Antileprotic Antileprotic Antituberculosis Antituberculosis, urinary tract infections Antituberculosis Antituberculosis Antituberculosis Antituberculosis mostly Grampositive and mycobacteria Mycobacterium avium complex Antituberculosis Antituberculosis Others Neurotoxicity, ototoxicity As other aminoglycosides Reddish-orange sweat, tears, and urine rash, discolored urine, GI symptoms Binds to the subunit of RNA polymerase to inhibit transcription Inhibits peptide synthesis
Rifampicin (Rifampin in US)
Rifabutin Rifapentine Streptomycin
Mycobutin Priftin
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Arsphenamine
Salvarsan
Spirochaetal infections (obsolete) Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome Inactivates enolpyruvyl transferase, thereby blocking cell wall synthesis Produces toxic free radicals which disrupt DNA and proteins. This Discolored urine, non-specific headache, metallic taste, mechanism is nausea ; alcohol is responsible for contraindicated its activity against a variety of bacteria, amoebae, and protozoa. Inhibits isoleucine tRNA synthetase (IleRS) causing inhibition of protein synthesis
Chloramphenicol
meningitis, MRSA, topical use, or for low cost internal treatment. Chloromycetin Rarely: aplastic anemia. Historic: typhus, cholera. gram negative, gram positive, anaerobes
Fosfomycin
Monurol
Acute cystitis in women
Fusidic acid
Fucidin
Metronidazole
Flagyl
Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria; also amoebiasis, trichomoniasis, Giardiasis
Mupirocin
Bactroban
Ointment for impetigo, cream for infected cuts
Platensimycin Quinupristin/Dalfopristin Synercid Gram-negative, Gram-positive, Lacks known anemic anaerobes. widely side-effects. used in veterinary A chloramphenicol analog. May inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
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Thiamphenicol
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medicine.
by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome upset stomach, bitter taste, and itchiness
Tigecycline Tinidazole Trimethoprim Generic Name
Tigacyl Tindamax Fasigyn Proloprim, Trimpex protozoan infections Urinary Tract Infections Mechanism of action
Brand Names Common Uses[2] Possible Side Effects[2]
References
1. ^ Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N.R. (1999) Host-Parasite Interaction; Nonspecific Host Resistance, In: Microbiology Conceptsand Applications, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, U.S.A. pp. 478-479. 2. ^ a b c d For common Uses and possible side effects reference is: Robert Berkow (ed.) The Merck Manual of Medical Information - Home Edition. Pocket (September 1999), ISBN 0-671-02727-1. 3. ^ "Neomycin Drug Information" (http://www.uptodate.com/contents/neomycin-drug-information? source=search_result&search=neomycin&selectedTitle=1~135) . uptodate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/neomycindrug-information?source=search_result&search=neomycin&selectedTitle=1~135. Retrieved 2/11/2012.(subscription
required)
4. ^ Splete, Heidi; Kerri Wachter (March 2006). "Liver toxicity reported with Ketek". Internal Medicine News. 5. ^ Mechanism of Action of Bacitracin: Complexation with Metal Ion and C55-Isoprenyl Pyrophosphate (http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/12/3223) K. John Stone and Jack L. Strominger
See also
Pathogenic bacteria Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_antibiotics&oldid=541445765" Categories: Antibiotics This page was last modified on 1 March 2013 at 06:36. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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List of Antibiotics

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List of antibiotics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hearing loss Vertigo Kidney damage

Spectinomycin Geldanamycin Herbimycin Rifaximin

Gonorrhea Ansamycins Experimental, as antitumor antibiotics

Traveler's diarrhea caused by E. coli Carbacephem prevents bacterial cell