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2G/3G Networking Strategy

Agenda
2G/3G Networking Strategy Overview 2G/3G Networking Solution Summary

Quick Development of WCDMA


By March, 2008, about 220 WCDMA commercial networks are deployed worldwide. Among them, there are 198 HSDPA commercial networks and 34 HSUPA networks. Number of HSPA users reaches 7.25 million. Informa predicts it will hit 56.8 million by the end of 2008. 0.6 billion wireless users are expected by 2010.

WCDMA Cooperating with GSM Network


GSM900+DCS1800 GSM900 Blank

Key Region

Entire Coverage

WCDMA/GSM900+DCS1800/GPRS

GSM900/GPRS

Blank

Key Region

Entire Coverage

Construction Strategy

Continuously improvement of coverage, creating a unified 2/3G network brand; Continuously improvement of coverage, creating a unified 2/3G network brand; gradually propel GPRS upgrade, enhance entire coverage data service; gradually propel GPRS upgrade, enhance entire coverage data service; WCDMA/HSDPA construction in key regions, GSM as supplementary; WCDMA/HSDPA construction in key regions, GSM as supplementary;

Overlay Solution with GSM


CN shared physically; 2G/3G wireless networks are independent physically. Construct a unified platform for network management and service, 2G/3G operate together.

GSM BTS

GSM BSC Abis A 2G/3G Unified Service Platform

GSM&WCDMA Core Network


Iub WCDMA Node B WCDMA RNC Iu 2G/3G Unified Network Management

GSM & WCDMA RANs Overlay

CN shared

Service Shared

Rapid 3G deployment is possible via sharing CN, service platform and O&M system. 3G Node B shares site resources, transmission resources and related auxiliaries with 2G BTS to reduce the construction investments.

Agenda
2G/3G Networking Strategy Overview 2G/3G Networking Solution Summary

2G/3G Networking Solution


1How to construct a better 3G with lower TCO ?

RAN Share

2How to realize better frequency utilization?

3How to keep smooth evolution to future?

Key Issue
4How to resolve subscriber camping?

Interworking

5How to realize better subscriber experience?

6Whats the requirement on the existing GSM?

GSM Infrastructure Sharing Traditional


Co-room/cabin

Study 2G sites and make a statistic of free space, power redundancy, transmission redundancy, tower condition, etc. Make a reasonable and suitable planning according to each site & 2G traffic
Co-tower 3G Co-feed-cable window BTS Co-transmission

2G BTS

Shelter sharing

Battery sharing

Power sharing

AC sharing

Cable distribution box sharing

Tower sharing

Cable tray sharing

Microwave sharing

GSM Infrastructure Sharing SDR Based


More and more frequency bands are available and standardized; Since the wireless bandwidth demands increase rapidly, operator is eager to find more frequency resources; SDR Base Station can support Multi-Frequency and Multi-Standards co-existence.

RRU

BBU

Physical Cards

O&M

Transmission

Antenna

Transmission Power

Feeder

Base Station Sharing


Different Frequencies
900M Band Cellular band 1.8G Band AWS band 2.1G band 700M Band

Same Frequencies

RRU

BBU Sharing

GSM/WCDMA/CDMA1X/EV-DO/TD/ WiMAX/ LTE Baseband Board

BBU supports multi modes; BBU supports multi modes; BBU supports various frequency BBU supports various frequency bands. bands. 10

One RRU supports multi modes One RRU supports multi modes

Transmission Sharing
Fractional E1 Solution
at the initial stage, 2G have had redundant transmission, 3G accesses to transmission through 2G. With the 3G traffic expands & 2G shrinks, 2G accesses to transmission through 3G. BTS TS exchange Feeder SDH Iub/Abis BSC TS exchange

Node B

Fractional E1 (N*64K)

RNC

Fractional E1 to implement 3G ATM/IP and 2G TDM in a physical line to save E1/T1. BTS & Node B in same room and 2G has redundant transmission resource. 2G & 3G have Fractional E1 function. If it is not supported, TS exchange equipment will implement it.

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2G/3G Networking Solution


1How to construct a better 3G with lower TCO ?

RAN Share

2How to realize better frequency utilization?

3How to keep smooth evolution to future?

Key Issue
4How to resolve subscriber camping?

Interworking

5How to realize better subscriber experience?

6Whats the requirement on the existing GSM?

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Frequencies Utilization Strategies


2007 2.1GHz WCDMA 2.1GHz Dual-mode BBU 900MHz GSM 900 Dual-mode RRU 1.8GHz GSM 1.8GHz Dual-mode BBU GSM With BBU+RRU
E-EDGE

2008 WCDMA With BBU+RRU

2009

2010

HSPA+

Software upgrade

WCDMA 900 X *5MHz GSM 900

With GSM users turn to 3G gradually, existing GSM 900M and 1800M spectrum resources could be used after frequency reframing. For WCDMA, 900MHz has wider coverage and less interference compared with 2.1GHz, applicable for WCDMA wide coverage in some cities and suburbs. With HSPA/MBMS etc more mature in commercial application, 900M/1800M extended frequency band will definitely expand its application. 13

Advantages of UMTS 900M


UMTS 900M has wider coverage, higher data throughput :
Guard Band 2.2~2.5MHz

Compared with UMTS2100M:


UMTS900M cell coverage increases above 60; UMTS900M data throughput increases above 20

UMTS Carrier

UMTS900M network construction cost saved above 60


GSM Carrier

Band Separation

2100

2100

Coverage Comparison between 900M and 2100MHz UMTS Network


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Flexible Transmission Power Allocation


Software Configurable

GSM GSM GSM GSM GSM GSM

UMTS GSM GSM GSM GSM

UMTS UMTS GSM GSM

UMTS UMTS UMTS

Software Configurable

Transmission power can be allocated flexibly between carriers.


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Traffic Balancing Strategy


GPRS EDGE VOICE PS Data VOICE

data traffic

strong radio traffic

data traffic

strong radio traffic

GSM 1800
Less data traffic Less voice traffic => Less spectrum requirement
weak radio traffic

UMTS 2100
Less data traffic Less voice traffic
weak radio traffic

GSM 900

=> Less spectrum requirement

UMTS 900

GSM 1800 and UMTS 2100 dominate at service providing. GSM 900 and UMTS 900 dominates at coverage, providing less data traffic and less voice. Benefits: enhanced coverage, less sites deployment. 16

2G/3G Networking Solution


1How to construct a better 3G with lower TCO ?

RAN Share

2How to realize better frequency utilization?

3How to keep smooth evolution to future?

Key Issue
4How to resolve subscriber camping?

Interworking

5How to realize better subscriber experience?

6Whats the requirement on the existing GSM?

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Standards Evolution
GSM GPRS EDGE R99 E-EDGE R7

TDSCDMA

HSPA

MC-HSPA MBMS (TDD)

TDD

LTE
WCDMA R99 HSDPA R5 HSUPA R6 HSPA+ R7/R8 FDD

4G

MBMS (FDD) cdma 1x cdma 2000 cdma 2000 EV-DO EV-DO Rev. A

802.16 d

802.16 e

802.16 m

2G

2.5G

2.75G

3G

3.5G

3.75G

3.9G

4G

The Future is multi-technologies and multi-standards co-existence. The networks based on traditional solution are separated. How to Share infrastructure, transmission, processing resources, feeder system and transmit power is a big challenge.
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Unified Platform Meeting Standards Evolution


LTE FDD 4G IMT-Advanced TDD

GSM/EDGE WCDMA TD-SCDMA TD-

Platform Features:
Mix of flat and non-flat architecture. Common Timing, Power, Control, and Clock Interface. Common RF Providing Distributed and Centralized combination. Legacy and B3G Capable. Components shared Baseband Card shared

OFDM
Based Technology

CDMA2000

UMB

802.16e

802.16m

Platform Benefits: Support multi-standard co-existence; Support multi-frequency bands co-existence; Support multi-network technologies convergence.
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Platform Smooth Evolution Capability


2010

Evolution

WiMAX

LTE UMB

Multi - Standard 2008

Unified Platform

GSM, UMTS, CDMA/ CDMA2000, WiMAX, LTE in one cabinet.


R RR RR R R RR RR R U UU UU U U UU UU U

RU module shared and software configurable. Baseband shared and software configurable

MicroTCA platform

G/W/C/L/W BB

2006
GSM UMTS CDMA/CDMA 2000 TD-SCDMA

Support Multi-standard and Multi-frequency Networks evolution simultaneously


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Smooth Evolution for Multiple Standards


Control, switch, power, and interface boards are shared; GSM and UMTS only need software upgrade to support new features GSM and UMTS support smooth evolution to LTE.
ZTE SDR Base Station 1. SW & Min. HW upgrade
GSM 900MHz 2. SW & Min. HW upgrade GSM 900MHz UMTS 900MHz GSM 900MHz UMTS 900MHz LTE 900MHz

2100MHz RU 1. SW & Min. HW upgrade 2. SW & Min. HW upgrade GSM 900MHz UMTS 2100MHz GSM 900MHz UMTS 2100MHz LTE 900/2100MHz

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2G/3G Networking Solution


1How to construct a better 3G with lower TCO ?

RAN Share

2How to realize better frequency utilization?

3How to keep smooth evolution to future?

Key Issue
4How to resolve subscriber camping?

Interworking

5How to realize better subscriber experience?

6Whats the requirement on the existing GSM?

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Multi-Layer Mobile Networks


GSM/GPRS: voice/low-speed data service WCDMA: voice/ video phone/low&medium-speed data service HSDPA: palm broadband (high-speed data service

Entire network coverage


Entire Coverage
GSM/GPRS
Enlarge GPRS/GSM coverage to attract low-end user, offering consecutive voice and low-speed data service.

Key area

Valued area

Key Areas
WCDMA
Continuous covering for WCDMA key areas to absorb traffics. Develop medium/high-end user by dual-mode UE and world roaming service.

Valued Area
HSDPA
HSDPA in valued areas to improve core competitiveness, attract medium/high-end user, especially in CBD and hot spot areas.

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GSM&WCDMA Inter-working Strategy


Network construction is a phased process, traditional GSM operators can hardly make national coverage, one-time in initial phase of WCDMA network construction, there must exist a GSM-WCDMA co-existing period to ensure continuity of user service and consistency of user experience by 2G-3G inter-working. 2G-3G inter-working should abide by the following rules:

3G service prior principle: consistency of user experience from 2G to 3G, 3G


user has priority to enjoy 3G service.

3G construction low TCO: fully reuse the existing 2G network to reduce 3G


construction investment in initial phase.

Less upgrade Requirements: try to avoid upgrade and alteration on existing 2G


network, reduce handover between systems as possible.

How to Guarantee 3G subscriber Camping 3G network?


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Option I - PLMN Reselection Solution


Requirement
GSM & WCDMA should be diff. MNC; WCDMA Users need new USIM with WCDMA network as HPLMN. WCDMA>GSM Cell reselection to be realized, support CS & PS HO.

WCDMA GSM
Advantage
No upgrade to GSM Less combining debugging to GSM & WCDMA GSM>WCDMA HPLMN reselection to 3G when in idle No CS HO or PS HO

Disadvantage
Transfer from GSM to WCDMA needs to change SIM HPLMN reselection spends 6 minutes, degrading user experience 25

Option II - Cell Reselection


Requirement Suitable to 2G/3G in same or diff. MNC. But same MNC is recommended. GSM needs to support 2G->3G cell reselection
WCDMA>GSM Cell reselection, voice & PS HO

WCDMA GSM
Advantage
User do not change SIM & number Fast action from 2G back to 3G
GSM>WCDMA Cell reselection back to 3G in idle No voice HO, only PS HO

Disadvantage
GSM should be upgraded to support 2G->3G cell reselection Abundant upgrade tasks

The main stream solution chosen by operators


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2G/3G Networking Solution


1How to construct a better 3G with lower TCO ?

RAN Share

2How to realize better frequency utilization?

3How to keep smooth evolution to future?

Key Issue
4How to resolve subscriber camping?

Interworking

5How to realize better subscriber experience?

6Whats the requirement on the existing GSM?

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No SIM Card & No MSISDN Change


If no restrictions in core network, all GSM/UMTS dual-mode mobile terminal can camp on UMTS network, and possibly this will worsen UMTS KPI. Dual-mode mobile terminal can be under control to better 3G network camped subscriber experience.

Check Point

3G
Video Call

3G RAN Dual Mode MT

2G

2G RAN

MMS

Java App

GSM Terminal only Dual Mode Terminal, with 3G subscription in HLR Dual Mode Terminal without 3G subscription

GSM MT

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How to discriminate 2G & 3G user?


2G/3G HLR upgrade, add information tag:
HLR should add control information tag: ARD (Access Restriction Data) indicates user access preference and controls the 2G/3G user access During the Location Update procedure, ISD MSG will send ARD to MSCS/VLR

MSC server/VLR distinguish the accessing network:


VLR will distinguish the accessing network is 2G BSS or UTRAN According to the radio network preference and ISD sent ARD, VLR defines relationship between user and access network preference.

HLR Subscription Status Dual Mode Terminal, with HLR Subscription Dual Mode Terminal, without HLR Subscription

ARD value 01 00

Accessing network 3G UTRAN 3G UTRAN

Results Attach Successful Attach Rejected

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Smooth Handover between GSM & UMTS


PS HO to 2G Keep in 2G

HO to 3G HO to 2G CS Dual direction reselection in Idle mode

Idle: dual-direction cell reselection in cell edge. Voice call: 3G to 2G HO in cell edge, while back to 3G, still use 2G resource; Video call: transfer to voice call in cell edge; PS data: dual-direction HO in cell edge. (If it is PLMN solution, 2G to 3G will keep in GPRS) Simultaneous service: 3G to 2G only voice HO
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GSM Coverage

UMTS Coverage

2G/3G Networking Solution


1How to construct a better 3G with lower TCO ?

RAN Share

2How to realize better frequency utilization?

3How to keep smooth evolution to future?

Key Issue
4How to resolve subscriber camping?

Interworking

5How to realize better subscriber experience?

6Whats the requirement on the existing GSM?

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Requirements on CN
Target: construct all-IP 2G/3G Single core network,
2G/3G HLR

HLR
Shared HLR ensures 2/3G users smoothly

MSC Server

GGSN

migrate, and realize user data convergence


SGSN

MSISDN mixed between GSM & UMTS;

MGW

Packet Domain
Shared SGSN and GGSN, realize packet
RNC BSC BSC

domain integrated access Support 3G Support 2G/3G inter-working GSN in Pool and Evolution optional.

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Requirements on GSM RAN


Target: smooth handover for better service experience
2G/3G HLR

MSC Server

GGSN

PLMN Reselection
GSM RAN needs no upgrade

MGW

SGSN

Cell Reselection
Support
RNC BSC BSC

broadcast

to

re-set

cell

reselection threshold 3G neighbor cells will be added.

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Agenda
2G/3G Networking Strategy Overview 2G/3G Networking Solution Summary

Summary
UMTS network construction should
Be cooperated with the existing GSM; Be capable of smooth evolution; Enhance frequency utilization; Save CAPEX and OPEX maximally. Keep SIM cards unchanged; Support smooth handover/cell reselection with the existing GSM; Improve subscriber experience.

Possibly existing GSM needs upgrade

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