AIM: To measure power input to a three phase balanced load by two wattmeter method THEORY: The power input

to a three phase star or delta connected balanced or unbalanced load can be measured with two wattmeter method. In this method the current coils of the two wattmeters are connected in any two lines while voltage coil of each wattmeter is connected between its own current coil terminal and a line without a current coil. Here the current coils are inserted in the lines R and Y, then the pressure coils are connected between R-B for one wattmeter and Y-B for other wattmeter as shown in circuit diagram. The connections are same for star or delta connected load. When two wattmeters are connected in this way, the algebraic sum of two wattmeter readings gives the total power dissipated in the three phase circuit

ProofConsider R.M.S. values of currents and voltages.For balanced load ,I R = IY= IB= Iph; VR = VY=VB= Vph; VRB= VYB=VL. Now W1= IR VRBcos (IR ^ VRB) W2= IY VYBcos (IY^ VYB) To find angle between (IR and VRB) and(IYand VYB) see the phasor diagram IR ^ VRB= 30 IY^ VYB= 30 + W1= IR VRBcos(30 - ) and W2= IY VYBcos (30 + ) W1= IL VLcos(30 - ) and W2= IL Vlcos (30 + ) W1+ W2= IL VL[ cos(30 - )+ cos (30 + )] = IL VL[cos(30)cos( )+sin (30)sin( )+ cos(30)cos( )-sin(30)sin()] =2 IL VL[cos(30)cos( )] = 2 IL VL[3/2 cos( )] W1+ W2=3 IL VLcos ( )=Total power PROCEDURE:1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram 2. Switch on the supply and adjust the line voltage to 420V. 3.Switch on lamp load and keep it balanced. Take readingsof voltmeter , ammeter and wattmeter

On a three-phase system, any point can be used as a reference point. This is usually chosen to be the neutral point or simulated neutral on a three-wire system and this is referred to as the star

point. The benefitof the star connection is that individual phase power and harmonics can be measured.Most people are aware that by using one of the phases as a reference point, it is possible to establish totalpower with only two wattmeters. A common assumption, however, is that this method is only accurate forbalanced systems, which is wrong. The wattmeter used on the channel chosen as the star point will alwaysmeasure zero, so this wattmeter simply becomes unnecessary. The sum of the two remaining wattmeterswill still be the true total power, irrespective of phase balance or distortion. The following diagram shows the principal of twowattmeter connection:

-#1 Three Wattmeter Connection#2 Two Wattmeter Connection (V3 = 0 therefore third wattmeter is not required) Vector diagrams can be used in order to show the validity of this technique. The following will example will use balanced phases simply for ease of explanation. It should be clear, however, that the principle would be equally valid whatever phase relationship occurs.

Advantages of Two Wattmeter Method The various advantages of two wattmeter method are, the method is applicable for balanced as well as unbalanced loads. Neutral point for star connected load is not necessary to connect the wattmeters. The delta connected load, need not be opened for connecting the wattmeters. Only two wattmeters are sufficient to measure total 3 phase power. If the load is balanced not only the power but power factor also can be determined. Total reactive volt-amperes can be obtained using two wattmeters readings for balanced loads. Disadvantages of Two Wattmeter Method The few disadvantages of this method are, not applicable for three phases, 4 wire systems the signs of W1 and W2 must be identified and noted down correctly otherwise it may lead to the wrong results