PROJECT MANAGEMENT CC603

SCAFFOLDING]

Scaffolding Definition Any temporary elevated platform (supported or suspended) and its supporting structure (including points of anchorage), used for supporting employees of materials or both.

Scaffolding Elements/Component Standards / Tiang Ledger / Belebas Transom / Pepat Double Coupler / Pengganding Berkembar Swivel Coupler / Pengganding Swivel Putlog Coupler / Pengganding Putlog Base Plate Split Join Pin Reveal Pin Putlog End

Example of list of component of Scaffolding

Figure : List of component if Scaffolding

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

Page 1

PROJECT MANAGEMENT CC603

SCAFFOLDING]

Figure : Scaffolding Component a) Double Coupler The only real loadbearing fitting used in scaffolding Used to join ledgers to standards

Figure : Double Couper

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

Page 2

PROJECT MANAGEMENT CC603

SCAFFOLDING]

b)

Swivel Coupler Composed of 2 single coupler riveted together so that it is possible to rotate them and use them for connecting 2 scaffolding tubes at any angle

Figure : Swivel Coupler

c)

Putlog Coupler Use solely for fixing putlogs/transoms to the horizontal ledgers

Figure : Putlog Coupler d) Based Plate It is used to distribute the load from the foot of a standard on to a sole plate or firm ground.

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

Page 3

PROJECT MANAGEMENT CC603

SCAFFOLDING]

Figure : Based Plate

e)

Split Joint Pin A connection fitting used to joint scaffold tubes end to end A centre bolt expands the 2 segments that grip on the bore of the tubes

f) Reveal Pin Fits into the end of a tube to form an adjustable strut

g)Putlog End A flat plate that fits on the end of a scaffold tube to convert it into a putlog

There are 6 type of scaffolding which are; a. b. c. d. e. f. Steps scaffolding Bracket/birdcage scaffolding Single scaffolding Couple scaffolding Cantilever scaffolding Hanging/ suspended scaffolding

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

Page 4

PROJECT MANAGEMENT CC603

SCAFFOLDING]

The comparison of type of scaffolding;

1.

Steps scaffolding A Steps scaffolding support apparatus, ladder stabilizer and ladder scaffolding system is disclosed. The support apparatus generally includes a first bar connected to a second bar at an angle. The bars include planar pads adapted to be affixed to a wall. The apparatus further includes a third bar that is in telescopic arrangement with the first bar. The third bar is adapted to fit through the rung of a ladder. Several brackets can be used to stabilize a ladder against a surface, typically a wall. When one or more ladders are used in conjunction with a platform, the brackets can be used to affix the ladders to a wall. The platform is laid on the rungs of the ladders thereby creating a scaffolding system.

Figure : Step of scaffolding

Figure : Steps of scaffolding

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

Page 5

PROJECT MANAGEMENT CC603

SCAFFOLDING]

2.

Bracket/ Birdcage Scaffolding

The independent or birdcage scaffold consists of more than two rows of vertical poles, or standards, connected by horizontal pieces, or ledgers and transoms. It is intended for use on one level only, like when working on a ceiling.

Figure : Birdcage Scaffoldings

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

Page 6

PROJECT MANAGEMENT CC603

SCAFFOLDING]

3. Single Scaffolding

This section only applies to wooden single-pole scaffolds (see Figure 23.15). This type of scaffold has platforms resting on putlogs or cross beams, the outside ends of which are supported on ledgers secured to a single row of posts or uprights, the inner ends of which are supported on or in a wall. The advantage of a Single pole Scaffold is that less materials are used as there are no inside standards or ledgers. The disadvantage is that if the ground dries out and shrinks slightly, or a heavy load is placed on the scaffold then as the standards and ledgers drop they lever the brickwork apart.

Figure : Single of scaffolding

4.

Couple Scaffolding

Scaffolding coupler is a device used to hold two pieces of a scaffolding structure together. The coupler will clamp tight to ensure the two pieces being connected do not move or slip, and numerous couplers will be used throughout the structure to complete the finished scaffold. The size, shape, and function of a scaffolding coupler can vary depending on where on the structure it will be placed, though they are almost always placed in locations at which two or more pipes or bars come together.

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

Page 7

PROJECT MANAGEMENT CC603

SCAFFOLDING]

5.

Cantilever Scaffolding

Cantilever scaffold, also known as jib scaffold and trussed scaffold, is a scaffold formed with the tubes cantilevered out of an opening in the building,

Figure : Cantilever Scaffolding

Figure : Cantilever Scaffolding

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

Page 8

PROJECT MANAGEMENT CC603

SCAFFOLDING]

6.

Hanging / Suspended Scaffolding

Hanging bracket scaffolding can be a cost-effective way to provide safe access to eaves and provide fall protection to roofers and other workers. However, it is important to remember that the risk of falling during the erection and dismantling of hanging bracket scaffolding must be controlled.

Figure : Hanging Scaffolding

Figure Types of Suspended Scaffolding

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

Page 9

PROJECT MANAGEMENT CC603

SCAFFOLDING]

List of types of scaffoldings

Two-point (swing stage): Platform supported by hangers (stirrups) suspended by two ropes from overhead supports and equipped with a means to permit the platform to be raised and lowered. Single-point Adjustable: Platform suspended by one rope from an overhead support and equipped with a means to permit the platform to be moved to desired working levels. Catenary: Platform supported by two essentially horizontal and parallel ropes attached to structural members of a building. Additional vertical pickups may also provide support. Multi-point Adjustable: Platform(s) suspended by more than two ropes from overhead supports and equipped with a means to permit the platform to be raised and lowered. Includes chimney hoists. Interior Hung: Platform suspended from the ceiling or roof structure by fixedlength supports. Needle Beam: A platform suspended from needle beams. Multi-level: Two-point or multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold with a series of platforms at various levels resting on common stirrups. Float (ship): Braced platform resting on two parallel bearers and hung from overhead supports by ropes of fixed length.

Hazard of all types of scaffolding

Falls from elevation caused by slipping, unsafe access and the lack of fall protection Struck by falling tools / debris Electrocution from overhead power lines Scaffold collapse caused by instability or overloading Bad planking giving way Fall hazards while climbing on or off the scaffold, working on unguarded scaffold platforms, when scaffold platforms or planks fail

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

Page 10

PROJECT MANAGEMENT CC603

SCAFFOLDING]

Safety Precautions If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet, protect them by : Guardrails Personal Fall Arrest Systems ( PFAS) Falling Object Protection Overhead Power Lines Standard must be on the same level and vertically straight on the base plate The supporting Platform wood must be supported properly Working platform must been equipped with safety elements such as hand rail Scaffold must be inspected at certain times Use safety tool such as safety boot, safety helmet and etc when using platform Supervision of scaffold erection and progress

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

Page 11