BASICS OF YARN TECHNOLOGY

RAW MATERIAL The basic raw material for Filament Yarn is derived from the following Polymers.

POLYAMIDE (PA) POLYESTER (PES) POLYPROPYLENE (PP)

POLYAMIDE is stronger than PES & PP and with excellent resistance against abrasion,sunlight,water absorption and weather. But it develops yellow tint under sunlight. Application : Umbrella,Raincoat,Packing Bag etc. POLYESTER is easily washable and has good elastic properties. Application : Textile Clothing Material POLYPROPYLENE Withstands high temperature.Clothes produced from this material have no wrinkles but have high static electricity. Application : Fashion Carpets YARN CHEMISTRY POLYMARISATION A combination or association of molecules that may be of one or more compounds reacting simultaneoulsy or consecutively to form a regular system of molecules, which behaves and reacts primarily as one unit termed Polymer. POLYESTER Polyester is by far the most widely used material for yarn production. This is manufactured fibre in which fibre forming substances in any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester of dihydric alcohol and terephthalic acid.
Raw materials for Polyester Fibre Manufacture

DMT : Dimethyl Terephthalete PTA : Purified Terephthalic acid MEG : Monoethylene Glycol SPINNING PROCESS

The polymers are processed in spinning machines to get filament yarns. Filament is a single monofilament of a yarn eg. yarn specification 68 f 32 means, the yarn is of 68 Denier and with 32 monofilaments. In the spinning process,fibre forming polymer substances in a plastic/ molten state are forced through the holes of a spinneret/die at a controlled rate of extrusion into air or gas where it is cooled and solidified.The spun yarn is wound in suitable packages for marketing
DENIER : Definition

Denier is a measure of linear density of yarn,the weight in gms of 9000 metres of yarn eg: 80 Denier means that the weight of 9000 metres of the yarn is 80 gms.
D.TEX : Definition

D.Tex is also a measure of linear density of yarn D.Tex : No.of gms per 10,000m of yarn eg. 80 D.Tex : Weight of 10,000m of yarn = 80 gm
YARN ORIENTATION

Oriented Yarn from spinning line is classified as under FOY : Fully Oriented Yarn HOY : Highly Oriented Yarn POY : Partially Oriented Yarn MOY : Medium Oriented Yarn LOY : Low Oriented Yarn

reffered direction of linear molecules in the fine structure of fibers, usually caused by stretching an extruded fibre so that length direction of the molecules tends to lie paralled to the main axis of the fibre. TEXTURISING PROCESS yarn at controlled tension and speed is passed through a rotating set of Ceramic or Polyurethane Friction Discs mounted on spindle bearings in a Friction Unit,which is a part of Draw Texturising Machine.The yarn gets frictional "Twist" and "Untwist" on passing through the Friction Unit and develops "Yarn Bulk".The is called false twist because the twist does not remain,but a memory of the twist remains and gives the yarn torque or stretch as well as the bulk. The yarn passes through Primary Heater prior to Friction Unit and then through Secondary Heater to heat set the bulk. The relative speed between disc and yarn plays a major roll in bulking. D/Y ratio is the ratio of the yarn speed (M/min) and the friction disc surface speed,which controls the amount of friction between the rotating discs and the running yarn.
Yarn Path in Texturising

 InputYarn is fed through Bobbins mounted on a creel. Process : through Primary Heaters,Feed Units,Friction Unit, Secondary heaters,spin finish oil system etc.> Output : Texturised Yarn is wound on Bobbins mounted in a Take-up Unit, in suitable packages for marketing.
The Texturising Machine

Draw Texturising Machine gets power input through a set of DC or AC Motors with a suitable Control Panel for speed control as also to monitor various yarn process parameters such as yarn speed,Temperatures, D/Y ratio, No.of Double strokes per min.etc.