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By
prof. Dr.
Abdelmon
em
Compartments of head
Compartments of head
Regions

Scalp

Face

temporal

Ptrygopalatine

Infratemporal
 Norma basalis

Norma frontalis Norma Lateralis

Norma verticalis Norma Occipitalis

Ant.Cra.Fossa

Calvaria =
skull cap
Mid.Cra.Fossa

The internal aspect of the calvaria reveals the

pits (granular foveolae; dotted lines) in the
post.Cra.Fossa
frontal and parietal bones, which are produced
by enlarged arachnoid granulations or clusters
of smaller ones
 Skull
Maxilla:
Temporal
Occipital
Ethmoid bone:
bones:
bone:Roof
encircle
bones
Parietal
Sphenoid
Inferior
Frontal
.cra.
bone:
bone:
and
post.cr.fossa
Floor
Partitions
& Lateral
bone:
fossa nasal
Roof&&Lateral
lateral
Roofmiddleto
cavity
Nose,
back Nose
nose
&orbit
floor.cra.
Roofs
middle
Fossa
&
middle it
Ant.cr.
Contains
fossa Share thebymaxillary
2 concha
Posterior air
Flanks sinus
inpart
lateral
of
.cra. fossa
This cavity
of
wall
skull
butisnot
posterior.cr.fossa
base
nasal roofed by orbit
the inferior
Lateral, floor& one
roof
Contains
ant.cra.
sphenoid Contains
fossa
sinus (airRoof
ethmoid
cell) air cells
infratemporal
medial to orbit
Vomer forms fossa
the lower part of nasalfrontal
Contains septum
sinus (air cell)
Palatine bone completes hard palate
skull bones contain air = pneumatic.
PARANASAL SINUSES IN BONES NEARBY NOSE
Frontal, Sphenoid,
Ethmoid,
Maxillary
Nose Skeleton of Para nasal sinuses

Frontal

Ethmoid

Maxillary Sphenoid
Main arteries of head and neck

Branches
of
maxillary

Branches of
External
carotid

Subclavian
&Vertebral Internal carotid no
extracranial branches
 Main Veins in head and Intracranial dural
neck venous sinuses
drain brain and
Ptrygoid venous
cranial cavity to
plexus connects
internal jugular
intracranial sinus to
extracranial facial
veins

Posterior facial =
retromandibular
drain deep of face to
external jugular
Facial
drains
anterior and Vertebral drains
superficial vertebral plexus and
of face to occipal veins to
internal subclavian then
jugular brachiocephalic
 Main Lymphatic in head
Superficial accompany veins Deep accompany arteries

Superficial Ring Mastoid & Tonsillar ring Ph.

postauricular Lymphoid tissue in
Parotid tongue and pharynx.
preauricular The tonsillar ring Tub.
(pink) around the
Buccal superior pharynx is
formed of the
pharyngeal, tubal, Palat.
palatine, and lingual
tonsils. Ling.

Submental
Occipital Submandibular

All end in deep

Submental
Submandibular
Infrahyoid
Jugulodigastric=Tonsillar
Main Lymphatic in Neck
drain directly or indirectly
into the deep cervical
lymph nodes
Superior
deep
cervical
Prelaryngeal
Paralaryngeal
Pretracheal
Paratracheal
Inferior
deep
cervical
thoracic duct from these deep nodes
on the left passes to the jugular
lymphatic trunk, To join

IJV or
brachiocephalic
vein on the right
 CrN
III
ICa C
Gr.p
CrN
IX
Deep.p
SP
Les.p
CrN
XI M Otic
M Motor root
a for otic
Corda
Tympani N2med.ptrygoid Parasympathetic
root for each
s Sensory roots
Motor from chorda
ub Sympathetic except for OTIC
m root 4each Ganglia
SENSORY INNERVATION
Most of skull flat bones develops in
membrane only few develops from
endochondral processes.

the bones supporting

the brain (the
occipital, sphenoid,
temporal, and
ethmoid) are largely
formed by
endochondral
ossification.
Bones supporting
the brain
(the occipital,
sphenoid,
temporal, and
ethmoid) are
largely formed by
endo chondral
ossification.
Chondrocranium

On each side paired cartilages

Mid More lateral 3 cartilages
Ala orbitalis
Inter
orbital
Ala
temporalis
Hypo
physeal

Para
chordal

Peri otic
capsule

Notochord
in middle
Occipital
line
sclerotomes
Development of skull
Most of skull flat bones develops in
membrane only few develops from
endochondral processes.
 Sides and roof of the neurocranium

& The bones of

the
splanchnocranium
(face)

develop as membrane
ossification
(intramembranous)
Development of skull
Most of skull flat bones develops in
membrane only few develops from
endochondral processes.
Fetal
Bones are further apart
to permit cranial
compression at birth and
cranial growth later.
Molding
during
birth
INFANTILE SKULL
METOPIC
SUTURE
AND
MANDIBULAR
ARE
UNFUSED

NEW
BORN
BONES SUTURES
FONTANELLES

NEW BORN
SKULL