1

Highway Hills Integrated School

Calbayog Street, Brgy Highway Hills , City Of Mandaluyong

New Discoveries In Genetics

Seanrem Gaspan Joshua Portuguez John Kenneth Roque II-Sapphire Ms. Kristine Recones

Table of Contents
I. Plant Breeding
1. Pluots 2. Yellow Watermelon 3. Grapple 4. Lemato 5. Pineberry (p.3) (p.3) (p.4) (p.4) (pp.4-5)

II. Animal Breeding

1. Leopon 2. Wolphin 3. Beefalo 4. Grolar Bear 5. Toast of Botswana (p.5) (pp5-6) (pp6-7) (p.7-8) (p.8 )

Pluots
Pluots, apriums, apriplums, or plumcots, are some of the hybrids between different Prunus species that are also called interspecific (or IS) plums. In the United States, these fruit are known by most regulatory agencies as interspecific plumsWhereas plumcots and apriplums are first-generation hybrids between a plum parent (P. salicina or P. cerasifera or their hybrids), and an apricot (P. armeniaca), pluots and apriums are later-generations. Both names "plumcot" and "apriplum" have been used for trees derived from a plum seed parent, and are therefore equivalent. Natural plumcots/apriplums have been known for hundreds of years from regions of the world that grow both plums and apricots from seedThe name plumcot was created by Luther Burbank.[6]Pluots (pron.: /plt/)[7] are later-generations that show more plum than apricot characteristics; the fruit's exterior has smooth skin closely resembling that of a plum. Pluots were developed in the late 20th century by Floyd Zaiger,[8] and "Pluot" is a registered trademark of Zaiger's Genetics. The Pluot was featured on an Andy Rooney segment on 60 Minutes.

Yellow Watermelon
Originally from Africa and categorized as both a fruit and vegetable, watermelons are hydrating, sweet, and rich in nutrients. A yellow watermelon is basically the same as one of any other color it just has yellow flesh on the inside instead of the more common pink or red color. The fruit is generally grown in warm regions and, depending on the variety, can be as large as 30 lbs. (13.6 kg) once fully grown. People use the

watermelons of this color can be more difficult to find.Watermelons that are pink or red on the inside contain a powerful antioxidant called lycopene, which is perhaps
yellow fruit the same way theyd use any other type, although best known for making tomatoes red. Yellow watermelons do not contain this antioxidant, so they don't have the same reddish tint

Grapple Fruit
The grapple fruit typically looks large and have a flesh that is sweeter and crisper. The grapple fruit is one of the varieties of Fuji apple. Grapple is an Washington apple. It normally tastes like an apple and grape.

Lemato
Lemato is a hybrid variety of Lemon and tomato. Israeli researchers produced a genetically engineered tomato that tastes with its hint of lemon and rose aromas. Nearly 82 people have tested the experimental fruit against unmodified counterparts. It describes as perfume, rose, geranium and lemon grass. When put to taste, The genetically modified tomatoes were preferred by 49 members Unmodified tomatoes were preferred by 29 members Four expressed no preference. Genetically modified tomatoes, have only a light red color because they have only half as much lycopene as conventional tomatoes. It may have longer shelf life and need less pesticide to grow.

Pineberry
Pineberry is considered to be smaller than strawberry and said to have the same genetic as strawberry with 15 to 23mm. When the fruits ripen, it becomes white with red seeds. Pine berries start life as green berries, and slightly turn into white. The fruit produced by pineberry plants is very aromatic and has sweet flavor just like pineapple. Pineberries are produced on a very small scale in Europe and Belize. Pineberries are grown in very large and commercial glasshouses There are very few Pineberry varieties available such as 'White Pine', 'White Carolina', and 'White D' cultivars. The less stereotypical pineberry variety is White Carolina. Pineberries that

are exposed to direct sun will have more clear pink flush and susceptible to leaf scorch. It requires fungicides to control it.White D pineberries were developed in Sweden. This variety is considered to be the most preferred one. The aroma of this kind of pineberry variety is exceptional and the flavor is mild.

Leopon
#Leopard +Lion
A leopon (pron.: /lpn/) is a hybrid resulting from the crossing of a male leopard with a lioness. The head of the animal is similar to that of a lion while the rest of the body carries similarities to leopards. These hybrids are produced in captivity and are unlikely to occur in the wild. The first documented leopon was bred at Kolhapur, India in 1910. Its skin was sent to Reginald Innes Pocock by Walter Samuel Millard, the Secretary of the Bombay Natural History Society. It was a cross between a large leopard and a lioness. Two cubs were born, one of which died aged 2.5 months and the other was still living when Pocock described it in 1912. Pocock wrote that it was spotted like a leopard, but that the spots on its sides were smaller and closer set than those of an Indian leopard and were brown and indistinct like the fading spots of a juvenile lion. The spots on the head, spine, belly and legs were black and distinct. The tail was spotted on the topside and striped underneath and had a blackish tip with longer hairs. The underside was dirty white, the ears were fawn and had a broad black bar but did not have the white spot found in leopards. Pocock wrote that the closest he had previously seen to this type of hybrid was the lijagulep (Congolese Spotted Lion) bred in Chicago.

Wolphin
#Whale + Dolphin
A wholphin or wolphin is an extremely rare hybrid born from a mating of a female bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) with a male False Killer Whale (Pseudorca

crassidens). The name implies a hybrid of whale and dolphin, although taxonomically, both are within the "oceanic dolphin" family, which is within the "toothed whale" suborder Although they have been reported to exist in the wild, there is currently only one in captivity, at Sea Life Park in Hawaii. Kekaimalu, the first wholphin in captivity, proved fertile when she gave birth at a very young age. The calf died after a few days. However, in 1991, Kekaimalu gave birth once again, to daughter Pohaikealoha. For 2 years she cared for the calf, but did not nurse it; it was handreared by trainers. Pohaikealoha died at age 9. On December 23, 2004, Kekaimalu had her third calf, daughter Kawili Kai, sired by a male bottlenose. This calf did nurse and was very playful. Only months after birth, it was the size of a 1-year-old bottlenose dolphin. Both remain in captivity, and are now part of the normal tour at Sea Life Park.

Beefalo
#Buffalo + Cow
Beefalo are a fertile hybrid offspring of domestic cattle, Bos taurus, and the American bison, Bison bison (generally called buffalo in the US). The breed was created to combine the characteristics of both animals with a view towards beef production. Beefalo are primarily cattle in genetics and appearance, with the breed association defining a full beefalo as one with 38 (37.5%) bison genetics, while animals with higher percentages of bison genetics are called "bison hybrids". Accidental crosses were noticed as far back as 1749 in the southern English colonies of North America. Cattle and buffalo were first intentionally crossbred during the mid-19th century. Charles Goodnight was one of the first to succeed, and called his hybrid cattalo. After seeing thousands of cattle die in a Kansas blizzard in 1886, Charles "Buffalo" Jones, a co-founder of Garden City, Kansas, also worked to cross buffalo and cattle at a ranch near the future Grand Canyon National Park, with the hope the animals could survive the harsh winters. He called the result "cattalo" in 1888. Mossom Boyd of Bobcaygeon, Ontario first started the practice in Canada. After his death in 1914, the Canadian government continued experiments in crossbreeding up to 1964, with little success. For example in 1936 the Canadian government

had successfully cross-bred 30 cattalos. Lawrence Boyd continues the crossbreeding work of his grandfather on a farm in Alberta.

Grolar Bear
#Polar Bear + Brown Bear
A grizzlypolar bear hybrid (also pizzly bear, prizzly bear, or grolar bear) is a rare ursid hybrid that has occurred both in captivity and in the wild. In 2006, the occurrence of this hybrid in nature was confirmed by testing the DNA of a strange-looking bear that had been shot near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories on Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic. Possible wild-bred polar bear-grizzly bear hybrids have been reported and shot in the past, but DNA tests were not available to verify the bears' ancestry. Two grizzlypolar hybrid cubs (one female and one male) were born at Osnabrck Zoo in Osnabrck, Germany, in 2004, and their physical traits are generally an intermediate between the polar bear and the grizzly bear. For example, their bodies are smaller than polar bears, but larger than grizzlies, while their heads fall between the broader grizzly head and the leaner polar bear head. They have long necks like polar bears, but small shoulder humps like grizzlies. The soles of their feet are partially covered in hair; polar bears have hair-covered soles, which act as insulation, and grizzlies have hairless soles. Similarly, the hair of the hybrids exhibits a pattern of hollowness, which blends the traits of both polar bears and grizzlies. In cross section, the hair of polar bears is hollow, while the hair of grizzlies is either solid or has small hollow regions. This varies according to which part of the grizzly the hair is located. In the hybrid male, the paw hair was solid, but the dark back hair was somewhat hollow, albeit with "smaller empty regions than found in polar bear hair". The hair of the female hybrid, "contains a range of hollow regions".The hybrids demonstrated behavior more similar to polar bears than grizzlies. They stomped toys similar to how polar bears break ice, and hurled bags to the side "as polar bears may hurl prey". Grizzlies given the same bags do not demonstrate this hurling behavior. The hybrids were also observed lying

down similar to polar bears: on their stomachs with rear legs splayed.

Toast of Botswana
#Sheep + Goat
A sheepgoat hybrid is the hybrid offspring of a sheep and a goat. Although sheep and goats seem similar and can be mated, they belong to different genera in the subfamily Caprinae of the family Bovidae. Sheep belong to the genus Ovis and have 54 chromosomes, while goats belong to the genus Capra and have 60 chromosomes. The offspring of a sheepgoat pairing is generally stillborn. Despite widespread shared pasturing of goats and sheep, hybrids are poorly attested, indicating the genetic distance between the two species. They are not to be confused with geep, which are chimerae. At the Botswana Ministry of Agriculture in 2000, a male sheep impregnated a female goat resulting in a live offspring. This hybrid had 57 chromosomes, intermediate between sheep (54) and goats (60) and was intermediate between the two parent species in type. It had a coarse outer coat, a woolly inner coat, long goat-like legs and a heavy sheep-like body. Although infertile, the hybrid had a very active libido, mounting both ewes and does even when they were not in heat. He was castrated when he was 10 months old, as were the other kids and lambs in the herd. A male sheep impregnated a female goat in New Zealand resulting in a mixed litter of kids and a female sheep-goat hybrid with 57 chromosomes. The hybrid was subsequently shown to be fertile when mated with a ram. In France natural mating of a doe with a ram produced a female hybrid carrying 57 chromosomes. This animal backcrossed in the veterinary college of Nantes to a ram delivered a stillborn and a living male offspring with 54 chromosomes.

Curriculum Vitae
Name: Age: Address: Cell.# : Tel.# : Birth Date: Birth Place: Citizenship: Gender: Relationship Status: Mothers Name: Fathers Name:

Personification for Education

10

Curriculum Vitae
Name: Age: Address: Cell.# : Tel.# : Birth Date: Birth Place: Citizenship: Gender: Relationship Status: Mothers Name: Fathers Name:

Personification for Education

11

Curriculum Vitae
Name: Age: Address: Cell.# : Tel.# : Birth Date: Birth Place: Citizenship: Gender: Relationship Status: Mothers Name: Fathers Name:

Personification for Education