The rate of decolorization is the fastest in gram stain with : 1-acetone. 2-alcohol. 3-mixture of acetone and alcohol.

4-acetone plus iodine. Best method of staining bacterial capsule is : 1-india ink preparation. 2-grams stain. 3-leishman's stain. 4-malachite green. All of the following are transport media except : 1-ammies medium. 2-stuart's medium. 3-cary blair's medium. 4-alkaline peptone medium.(( )) 5-none of the above. The sources of peptone include: 1-heart muscle . 2-casien. 3-fibrin. 4-soya flour. 5-all of the above. The indicator in the mac conkey's agar is: 1-neutral red. 2-methyl red. 3-phenol red. 4-bromophenol blue. For providing micro aerophilic atmosphere the preferred mixture is: 1-netrogen+carbon dioxide. 2-oxygene+carbon dioxide. 3-oxygene+carbon dioxide. 4-none of the above. Chemically the oxidase reagent is: 1-hydrogene peroxide. 2-tetra methyl -P- phenylene-diamine. 3-tributyrim. 4-none of the above.

Selective medium used for the isolation of staphylococcus aureus is: 1-2% milk agar. 2-10%sodium chloride broth. 3-thioglycollate broth.(()) The most commonly tested virulence factor in staphylococci is: 1-coagulase. 2-hyaluronidase. 3-firinolysin. 4-enterotoxin. Group B streptococci cause: 1-neonatal meningitis . 2-endocarditis. 3-septic abortion. 4-all above. All following species of staphylococcus do not produce coagulase except: 1-S. capitis. 2- S.hominis. 3- S.intermedius. 4- S.haemolyticus.(()) Haemophilus influenza causes : 1-meningitis. 2-respiratory infections. 3-conjunctivitis. 4-otitis media. 5-all above. All the following produce oxidase except: 1-haemophilus species. 2-gardnerella vaginalis. 3-eikenella corrodens. 4-chromobacterium species. Which of the following can grow in macconkey agar: 1-chromobacterium violaceum. 2-haemophilus influenza . 3-gardnerella vaginalis. 4-eiknella corrodens. Colonies of bordetella pertussis look like :

1-poached egg. 2-mercury drops. 3-silver stains. 4-draughtsman. Which of the following is able of growth at 22 c: 1-neissieria meningitis. 2- neissieria lactamica. 3-neissieria catarrhalis. 4- nessieria gonorrhoeae. Which of the following are true about neisseria meningitis: 1-these are gram negative diplococcic. 2-oxidase positive. 3-require 5-10% of carbon dioxide for growth . 4-all above. The chemotherapeutic agents contained in modified new York city (MNYC) medium are : 1-amphotericin B. 2-lincomycin. 3-colistin. 4-trimethroprim. 5-all above.(()) Which of the following are typical about morphology of corynbacterium diphtheria: 1-gram positive bacilli . 2-presence of meta chromatic granules. 3-club shaped at the ends. 4-arranged at acute angles . 5-all above. Morphological features of C.diphtheria are best developed on: 1-blood agar. 2-blood tellurite agar. 3-lofeelers serum slope. 4-chocolate agar. JK group of cornybacteria are universal sensitivity to : 1-teracycline. 2-vancomycin. 3-erythromycin. 4-all above.

A smear stained with ziehl neelsen stain should not be declared negative unless it has been examined for at least : 1-5 minutes. 2-10 minutes. 3-15 minutes. 4-20 minutes. Voges proskar (VP) negative organism is: 1-shigella. 2-klebsilla. 3-enterobacter. 4-serratia. Salmonella (O) antigens are also shared with : 1-citrobacter. 2-escheria coli. 3-shigella 4-prteus. 5-all above. Enrichment medium for salmonella is : 1-tetrathionate broth 2-selenite F. 3-strontium chloride broth. 4-any of above. Determination of antibodies to Vi antigen in Widal test helps in diagnosis of : 1-early stage of typhoid fever . 2-typhhoid encephthalopathy. 3-carriear state. 4-virulent form of typhoid fever. ONPG(( )) TEST is positive in all strains of : 1-S.flexneri. 2-S.boydii. 3-S.sonnei. 4-S.dysenteriae. The thickness of bacterial cell wall ranges between: 1-2-5 nm. 2-5-10 nm. 3-10-15 nm. 4-15-20 nm.

Which contain more peptidoglycan: 1-gram positive bacilli. 2-gram negative bacilli. 3-chlamydia. 4-rickettsiae. Endo toxins are chemically : 1-mucoprotein. 2-proteins. 3-lipopolysachride. 4-polysacharides. All the following parasite can cause auto infection except: 1-E.histolytica. 2-G.lambelia. 3-entrobius. 4-schistesoma. Concentration of EDTA as anticoagulant is: 12343-5% 10% 12.5% 3.8%

Sodium citrates\blood ratio of ESR determination is: 1-one sodium citrate to four blood. 2-one blood to four sodium citrates. 3-one blood to one sodium citrates. 4-none of the above. The general blood donor is : 1-A blood group. 2-B blood group. 3-O blood group. 4-AB blood group. The general blood recipient is: 1-A blood group. 2-B blood group . 3-O blood group. 4-AB blood group.

A person with A blood group can receive blood from: 1-A blood group donor. 2-B blood group donor. 3-O blood group donor. 4 - 1 AND 3 5-none of the above.

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