Module 2.2-1 2.

2-

WIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGY

Turbine Control
Gerhard J. Gerdes

Workshop on Renewable Energies November 14-25, 2005 Nadi, Republic of the Fiji Islands

21-Nov-05 (00:15)

Contents Module 2.2-1

Control of the power of a wind turbine Stall control Pitch control

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

21-Nov-05 (00:15)

Characteristic diagram power versus rotor speed

150 % 125 Const. ctorque Optimum cp Rated power
.t st on C e qu or

100 e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies Power

75 Synchr. generator 50

DC generator Induction generator

25

0 Rotor speed
3

21-Nov-05 (00:15)

Power of a wind turbine

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

the rotor of a wind turbine develops an enormous power with increasing wind speed to keep the rotor within its speed limits, it has to braked down by a generator, that is connected to a grid or directly to a consumer In order to keep the extracted power within rated limits, the power of the rotor has to be controlled by means of aerodynamic systems

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Aerodynamic control of wind turbines

Stall:
fixed blade pitch passive power control by stall effect control parameter: wind speed

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

Pitch:
blade pitch activated by WT control active power control control parameter: power output, wind speed and rotor speed

21-Nov-05 (00:15)

The stall effect

Attached flow around a profile

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

Separated flow (stall) around a profile

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Stall control (1) stand still

Prated Power vcut in

vrated

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

real wind

Wind Speed

rotation plane

thrust

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Stall control (2) start, slow speed

Prated Power vcut in

vrated

real wind

Wind Speed

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

at ta

ck i

ng

in d

driving force rotational speed

thrust

rotation plane

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Stall control (3) power generation

Prated Power vcut in

vrated

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

real wind

Wind Speed

driving force

g k in tac at

wi

nd

rotation plane

rotational speed
thrust

21-Nov-05 (00:15)

Stall control (4) increasing wind

Prated Power vcut in

vrated

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

real wind

Wind Speed

driving force

w ing ck a att

ind

rotation plane

rotational speed
thrust

10

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Stall control (5) power limitation (stall)

Prated Power vcut in

vrated

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

real wind

Wind Speed

driving force

w ing ck a att

ind

rotation plane

rotational speed
thrust

11

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

21-Nov-05 (00:15)

Example of a stall controlled wind turbine

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Pitch control (1) stand still

real wind

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

rotation plane
thrust

Prated Power vcut in

vrated

Wind Speed

13

21-Nov-05 (00:15)

Pitch control (2) start of operation

real wind
att ac kin g wi nd

rotational speed
e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

driving force

rotation plane

Prated

thrust

Power vcut in

vrated

Wind Speed

14

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Pitch control (3) power generation

real wind

at

g kin tac

wi

nd

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

rotation plane driving force rotational speed

Prated

thrust

Power vcut in

vrated

Wind Speed

15

21-Nov-05 (00:15)

Pitch control (3) power generation

real wind

at

g kin tac

wi

nd

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

rotation plane driving force rotational speed

Prated

thrust

Power vcut in

vrated

Wind Speed

16

21-Nov-05 (00:15)

Pitch control (4) power limitation

d in

real wind

at

ck ta

g in

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

rotational speed driving force rotation plane

Prated

thrust

Power vcut in

vrated

Wind Speed

17

e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies

21-Nov-05 (00:15)

Example of a pitch controlled turbine

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