: 'l:'-i:i'- -'-':;

glrg
g:!t=,..ij
1'o lay

csNsgt"urrsli'sFTEE'unrrqsBistaPE$.
topay

ts

de6nce 3nd general'ii5""i 11tn" AT"n,'H*"" .the.cgmmgn United Statsg; but all duties, imposts, and exoises ghall be uniform aeeence ard weifare- Dltitr tiuorrghout the United States :(6; to be uifom Tiborrow sroney on the credit of the United States: with foreign nations, and among the several roilrT** To regulate "o*'**r"r io'-regdrtc States, #d with t}e Indian tribes;(cJ To establish an uniform ruleof naturalizatio*.(@. and uuiform lav;s fi""ffffi";*. on the subject of baukruptcies throughout the United States:{e) iianlipte,es. proyirle for
The powen gr8nted to Congrem ate rot exclEive of eimilar powffi eristirg ia the Fhetea, ontem *here lbe CoE3titotioo has ecpressly, iD t6rEa, gi9n al ex(lusiye power to Congress ; o? the serciFe of a like power is prohibited to the gtatff; or tbete ie a direot EptrHnucy, or iaeompetibility ia the exerciee of it by thd States. The arample of the firat elass io to be fJud ii r.he ercluiire ledislatiou dele-

and collect tuxes, iloties, impoeta and ercises,(a)

the

Tolaytxer,

sated to Co'nsrese over p]rcee

zatios, ud tbe deleqstiotr of sdEiralty sd mafldme jurisdiction. Ir al.i olher caeee rhe dtalee ret&i-[ 'Hoostoo u. Mo6re,6Wheat, I ; 4 Cord. Rep. 589. concuirent Luthoritiwith Congre8s. to the Constitutiotr c&rnot become the law of ihe lmd, Mabury o. Ao act of -Cong_re-w_re.pugoant Madi*on, 1 Craach, 131; 1 Couil. Rep,26?. The mere graut of power to Congregs do6 trot imply a prohibition or tbe States to e:erciee tbe sme power. Whenever the term in whicb such a power is gmnted to Congms reqniru that it ehoutd bs b:erclsed erclusively by longrerr, tie cobjocr ic I completely takeD rloD the St.a;e legislatws, as if

pwh'ueil by the con*n!of the leqislature of th Sttrte in w-hich tle rea ih"ll b"toc.tidf.rforti,anen-als,dock-y#da,&c.; of thesecoaiclm,of theprohibitionof egttrero coir rorey, or emit bille of credit; of the third class, the power to eetablish a uniform rule of nahraii.

tbeyhadb*rerpresslyforbiddeatoactupor iL SturgB o, Crowninshield,4l{heati 122:4Coad.

Reo. 409.

1i,1 The porer of Coogreoe to levy anil collect tarea, d.uties, ioporls, and excises, ie a-ettensiva rith the territo+ of the UBited States, Loughborough a. Blahe, o Wheat" 317; 4 Coud. Rep. 660. The power of Congress l.o erercise sxclusive legielation, in all cas wbatrer, withil'ttre Dietrict of Coluobi", includes tJ.le power of tariug it. fDid. The ruihority of Coogress to lay end- coliect ta!e, does not iDterfere witb the power oF the Statee to tas for the support of their orvo gorettrmeole i uor ie the erereise of ttrat power by th Stats, etr sercise of egy portioo of tho power that ia groteit to ths Utrited 8tat3s. GibbotrE u. Ogdeu, I Wheat. l; 5 Coad. Bep, 562. (b) Tbe dDrstitutional rrrocisioa thatiliiect t*res shall be apportioned among the serenl State:, ac. cording to their respeotire numbo?E, to be aecenained by a ceneue, wse a6t inteDdeC to rdtrici tho po*er-of impoeiag direct tuea to StateB only. Loughborough u. Blake, 5 Wbeat- 317; 4 Cond. Rep.

bt a Sif,ts. fD,ra The piwer of re-gulaliug soffierce ertlds to larigation wied on by veesels enployed, ia tmeportrnq olsseneere. fbid. ' All ih;se poilers which relete io merely municipal legislatiou, or which ma-r be properly called internal pnlice, ire not currnrlered (by tj1e 6tBtes) or restraiRedr and consequeutly in relation tn those the artbirity of a Stnt b coeplets, uagualifred, en{ erelusire, The City or'N. Yorh u. Mila, !1 Petere, 10t. Tbe actofthe lsislat{.re ofNew Yorh pused February l8?4, etrtitled, " An Act conoemiogpassenzere in vessele aniving'io the port of New Yott," is rot a regulatioo ofcommerce, but ofpolicel-and Giug ro, it wae paoeed"in the eiercieo of a power whieh beloaged to that Stak, fDid. The polier to requlale couoerce. includes the poweito regulate oaviEatioB, Bs coqncted with the with foriign oatioro and auong tbe Staies. It does-Dot stop ai Oe nere bouodary tine of a "o--ri". is it, caDfin-ed to acts dqtre on thi rnteru, or in the necee"rry bourre of the nrvigadin thcreoi State, nor It exteods to suc'h ects dotro on the laod, whioh intorfere with, obsmct, or ptYent the dqe exeycise of rhe po*ers lg rgulate commerce and navigatiol with foreigl lations, end amoEg the Stetes, Any offence wbicb lhus ilterlores witb, obstructs. or proyetrta gueh commerce and navigation, thougb doni: oo land. nay be puished by Congress, undet its {eneral aulhority to make all larve-neceury a-nd propcr to e\ecute tbert delegated coostiturioual poterr. The UDited Siates u. .Lawreace oonbe, 12 Petre, ?2:lerfltfii nri:-noilhe flbiects of commarce, aad not bing imporled goods, tlrey ilo not fall rrithin the neuilg lounded upoa the Cmetitutim, of e p<iwer given to Congresa, to regulate comnere, and tlre prohibitioo of the States for imposing aduty on importtd goods. ftld.; Gibbons u. Ogden, 9 Wheat.
can be erersieeal

(c) An et of Corgress, layingetr eBbargo for an ilde[aite period of time, iB coustitutional auil valiil. The Utrited States u- The William; 2 llall'e Am. Law Jour, 255. Tbe power of regulating couroerce e:,ierds to tho regulatioa of uavigatioa, Giblona u, Ogdetr, 0 9ffieat'l; 5 Coud. hep. g6e, Tire powr to rEulats comaerce erterds to evory ;pecioe ol conmercial interours betweer tho United'StateB aod fireign nationr, and amoog the eev&al'States. It does tot stop nt the erterual bouodcry of a Strte i but itf,oes noi erteod to a Eotmere wbich is completely iuteriral. I6rd. ThB Dower to requlate commerce is general' aod hag so limitalious but qch ag are prercribed bv the Constitutiqr icseit'. Thie powerr so fuas it ertenda, is erclusirely vecti.i in Congre*,'and no part;f ri

660.

"'iiir-rd".'iil5'c";=""mfibn oT ihe unirerr states. tfie po*.i-of,o.t"orilElG.-il" r"oto"io.liio corgTess. uuEc lJ. uurm, z \{heat. pts; q votrq. seP, rrr;; nsuawn u. Itlusre, o Wbeat. t i 4 uonaL gress. Chirac o. Chirm, I wneal. 25S ; 4 Cood. Rep. I i 1 Housto! o. Moore, 5 wral. I ; Cond, "Reo.
(;) The posers of
539. CoDgresd

1r 5Cond.Rep.58.

io

eEbbUsh uniform laws on thd eEbject ol bankruptcy througbout the