Exercise 1.

1 Position the different items by the correct number

Crown Block 1 Crown Block Travelling Block 4 Travelling block MastMast 2 Mud Mud Pump Pump 32 DrawDraw Work work 13 Drilling line Drilling Line 39

Kelly Kelly 7, Kelly Bushing Kelly Bushing 9 Power Generators Power Generators 38 Pipe rack Pipe Rack 21 Rotary hose, (Mud Hose) Rotary Hose (Mud
Hose)17

1.2.

What is the purpose of? The rotary system The Hoisting System The Circulation system

1. 3.

Why do we need to run casing when drilling a well?

1. 4. The main components of the drill string consist of the drill pipe, the drill collars and the drill bit. What is the objective of? a. The drill pipe b. Drill Collars c. Drill Bit 1.5 Who is controlling the drilling parameters and the in charge on the drill floor?

1.6: Position the following items

a) b) c) d) e) f)

Crown Block Travelling Block Drilling Line Dead line anchor Draw work Reserve Line

1.8

What are the two most common devices used to provide pipe rotation? What are the main advantage of the top drive. What are the main disadvantages of the top drive What are the main components of the rig power generation system. Why do we have a waste pit at the rig site?

1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12

1.13 1 2

Put T for true and F for false next to each statement below: If you work on a rig you work alone and is not really a part of a team. Rig equipment can fall into four main parts: 1) Hoisting equipment, 2) Rotating equipment, 3) Circulating equipment and 4) Power generation. The drill string is rotated by a top drive or a Kelly. The crown block is a part of the rotary system The shakers are used to separate drill cuttings from the mud The mud pumps are a part of the circulation system. The rig is powered by big gasoline engines.

3 4 5 6 7

1.13

Put T for true and F for false next to each statement below:

It is allowed to wear a ring on your finger when working on the rig floor as long as you wear gloves It is OK to wear an aluminum hard hat when you work on the rig. Safety glasses are made from shatter free plastic and also protects your eyes against particles from the side. The tool pusher asks you to get some tools left inside the engine room. Because you were told by the tool pusher you do not need to wear hearing protection entering the engine room. Pre job planning meeting and safe job analyses helps preventing accidents.

9 10

11

12

Exercise 1.14 Multiple choice: Pick the best answer from the alternatives given and put the letter of the answer in the blank provided. 1 a. b. c. d. 2 a. b. c. d. Which of the following are most likely to be the owner of the well? The drilling Company The oil company The drilling department The government The tool pusher is normally employed by The drilling Company The oil company The drilling department The government

3 The person who supervises o the drill floor crew and actually operates the drilling process is the. a. The company man b. The tool pusher c. The driller d. The floor man (the roughneck)

2.1

Mention the four main systems on a drilling rig. What is the objective of the mud pumps? What is the purpose of the shale shakers: What is the objective of the de-gaser? Why is it important to separate the gas from the drilling fluid The mud is pumped by the aid of pistons, True or False? What is the purpose of de-sanders. The desander normally a hydro cyclone, True or False? Why do we have maintenance on the drilling rig and the rig equipment When does the maintenance program start? What do we mean by safety critical equipment We have four categories of inspection, Categoriy1, Categoriy2, category 3 and category 4. these categories are performed daily? Which category inspection involves the Equipment Manufacturer?

2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 Which of 2.13

3.1
3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7

What 3 main types of rocks do we have? Igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. How are they formed Igneous rock from magma coming to the surface of the earth Sedimentary rocks are formed from rock being eroded and deposited as sediments. Metamorphic rocks are sedimentary rocks ending up deep below the surface of the earth where high pressure and temperature are changing the rock, e.g. mud > mud stone> shale > slate In what type of rocks do we find oil? In sedimentary rocks. What is the origin of Oil. Organic material being buried and then, under the influence of high pressure and temperature, transformed to oil. What do we call a rock where oil and gas has been formed? A source rock. Do we normally produce oil from the source rock? NO. Once oil has been formed it migrates into a reservoir rock. what properties are important for a reservoir rock? Porosity Permeability

4.1 4.2

A cap rock is important for a reservoir to store oil and gas , why? It prevents the oil and gas from escaping out of the reservoir,

Give 3 examples of a structural Traps Anticlines Folds Faults 4.4 What is a fracture gradient? Fracture Gradient = Mud Weight at which formation will fracture. 4.5 What do we mean by Normal Pressure? A pressure obtained by the formation fluid gradient in a formation without closure P=*g*h 4.6 What is over pressure? A pressure which is higher than the normal pressure Which of the conditions below may give over pressure? Trapped hydrocarbon column Eroded overburden Hydrostatic column without closure Under compaction Increased temperature

4.7

4.8

The graph is shoving the pressure vs volume pumped. Indicate the 4 different pressures listed below on the graph:

1. 2. 3. 4.

Leak off pressure Formation break down Fracture propagation pressure Fracture closing pressure
Pressure 1.

Volume Pumped

Casing Program,
4.9 Make a casing program, based on the formation burst and collapse values indicated on the graph

Mud Weight, (Kg/liter) 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00

0
500 1000 1500

Burst Collapse

Depth (m)

2000
2500 3000 3500
Collapse / pore pressure Fracture pressure

4000

4.10

What happen if the mud weigh becomes lower than the hole stability gradient? Nothing the hole will always stay open The hole will fracture and we loose mud. The hole will collapse, the formation is falling into the well bore

4.11

We are drilling through a shale section, and we see long splintered cuttings like on the photo:

What could that be a sign of? Nothing the hole will always stay open The mud weight may be too low, and the formation stress is casing the shale to splinter and fall into the bore hole. The mud weight is too high the formation is fracturing and we see splinters from the fracture

5.1

List the main components in rotary BHA. Drill pipe, Heavy Weight Drill Pipe, (HWDP), Drill collars, Stabilizers, Xo subs, Bit What is the function of drill pipe and HWDP? Form a conduit from the top drive or Kelly to the BHA Transfer torque Take up tension forces Allow circulation What is the purpose of drill collars? Provide Weight On Bit, with the Drill pipe still in tension

5.2

5.3

5.4

What is the purpose of x-over subs. Allow drill string tools with different dimensions and connection threads to be screwed together.
What are the main functions of stabilizers? Support points against the hole wall in a rotating string. Along with DCs they give sufficient stiffness, pendulum effect and weight rod effect Permit optimal performance of the steerable unit in accordance with the well trajectory. Stabilizers reduces the chance of differential sticking. This is especially important for smooth components like Drill Collars and MWD. What is a purpose of BHA? Give weight on bit (WOB) with the drill pipe in tension Ensure hole is drilled along the planned trajectory, vertical or directional Absorb shock and vibrations

5.5

5.6

5.7

Put name on the drill string components

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7

List three most important criteria for selection of drilling fluids? What two main types of drilling fluids do we have? List three important functions of drilling fluids? What did the first drilling fluids consist of? Why was the use weighting materials introduced? Which one is most used one? List the functions of a modern drilling fluid What mud property is measured on the photo below?

6.8

What mud property is measured with the instrument on the photo below?

6.9

Mention advantages and disadvantages of OBM?

7.1 7.2 7.3

Reasons for Directional Drilling Mention the main objectives of directional surveying? What two different type of measuring principles do we have for directional surveying? Mention some error sources with magnetic surveying.

7.4

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6

What are the functions of casing? Mention the different types of casing we have from surface to reservoir Why do we run a liner. On which casing string is the BOP mounted? What forces is a casing exposed to? What are the main functions of cement?

8.7

What does the cement slurry consist of?

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4

Why do we install tubing in a production well? Why is brine used as completion fluid? Mention important packer fluid parameter Put the name on the following tools

Tubing Hanger SCSSV(Surface Controlled Sub Surface Safety Valve), Tubing Production packer
Tubing Hanger Down hole safety valve SCSSV

Tubing

9.5
9.6 9.7

What two main categories of down hole tools do we have?

What is the function of the SCSSV: Surface Controlled Sub-Surface Safety Valve? What does it mean the SCSSV is fail safe?

9.8
9.9

What is the function of the production packer?

What are the two main components of the production packer?

9.10

Put name on the 3 main components of the production packer on the drawing below

Upper Slips, cast iron Packing Element Lower Slips, cast iron

9.11

Put the name on the components of the X mas tree below

Swab cap

Outer Production Swab Valve Inner Production Wing Wing

Swab valve

Choke

Upper Master

Lower Master Adapter flange