Kishori Sharan Mathur Research Scholar, Shri JJT University, Jhunjhunu 333001, Rajasthan, India kishorimathur@hotmail.

com

Limitations in Fibers
Attenuation - Absorption, Scattering Dispersion - Modal, Chromatic, PMD Nonlinear effects - SPM, XPM, FWM, SBS, SRS
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Fiber Fundamentals
Attenuation Dispersion Nonlinearity Distortion It May Be a Digital Signal, but Its Analog Transmission

Transmitted Data Waveform

Waveform After 1000 Km

THE DIGITAL SIGNAL IS CARRIED USING ANALOG CARRIER SIGNAL (LASER OR LED) AND THE TRANSMISSION MEDIA IS NOT IDEAL THE DATA CARRIED OVER OPTICAL SIGNAL IS MOSTLY DIGITAL AND HIGH SPEED
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Transmission Effects
Attenuation:
Reduces power level with distance

Dispersion and nonlinear effects:

Erodes clarity with distance and speed

Noise and Jitter:

Leading to a blurred image
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z=0 Attenuation

z=L

z=0 Dispersion

z=L

Attenuation vs. Wavelength

S-Band:14601530nm L-Band:15651625nm

2.0 dB/Km

Fibre Attenuation Curve

0.5 dB/Km

0.2 dB/Km

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600 C-Band:15301565nm

Wavelength in Nanometers (nm)

attenuation coefficient / dB/km -->

Fiber Parameters Attenuation Coefficient a

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1. window 2. window 3. window multimode fiber monomode fiber IR absorption 1

Rayleigh scattering

0.1

1/l4

800

1000

Rayleigh scattering
unavoidable loss mechanism scattering in all directions wavelength dependent

1200 1400 1600 wavelength / nm -->

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ATTENUATION IN OPTICAL FIBERS

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INTRINSIC ABSORPTION

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RAYLEIGH SCATTERING

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BENDING LOSSES IN FIBERS

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SENSOR FIBER

A FIBER CURVATURE(BEND) RESULTS IN MACROBENDING LOSS OF SIGNAL

LOSS OF OPTICAL SIGNAL DUE TO BEND

FIGURE 3

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MFD AT
1300nm 1550nm 1625nm

FIBERS HAVEING LARGE MFD ARE MORE SENSITIVE TO BENDINGS

FIGURE 11
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TYPICAL ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT FOR BENT AND UNBENT FIBER

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Fiber with no bending

THE EFFECTS OF MACRO BENDING ON A FIBER

FIGURE 12

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