Ch 8 Comprehensive Test

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called
a. plants. c. heterotrophs.
b. thylakoids. d. autotrophs.
2. Energy is released from ATP when
a. a phosphate group is removed. c. a phosphate group is added.
b. ATP is exposed to sunlight. d. adenine bonds to ribose.
3. Which of the following is inside the thylakoid membrane?
a. ATP synthase c. electron transport chain
b. photosystem I d. all of the above
4. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What
are these channels and pumps made of?
a. lipids c. bilipids
b. carbohydrates d. proteins
5. A granum is a
a. stack of thylakoids. c. membrane enclosing a thylakoid.
b. stack of chloroplasts. d. photosynthetic pigment molecule.
6. Solutions that contain concentrations of H ions lower than pure water
+

a. have pH values below 7. c. are enzymes.

b. are acids. d. are bases.
7. Which of the following is NOT a part of an ATP molecule?
a. phosphate c. chlorophyll
b. adenine d. ribose
8. If a chlorine atom had 17 protons and 18 neutrons, it would be called
a. chlorine-1. c. chlorine-35.
b. chlorine-18. d. chlorine-17.
9. The Calvin cycle is another name for
a. light-dependent reactions. c. light-independent reactions.
b. photosynthesis. d. all of the above
10. In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide result in six molecules of
a. oxygen. c. ATP.
b. water. d. glucose.
11. Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?
a. The cell lacks cytoplasm. c. The cell lacks a cell membrane.
b. The cell lacks a nucleus. d. The cell lacks genetic material.
12. Which region of the visible spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll?
a. violet c. red
b. green d. blue
13. How does the Calvin cycle differ from the light-dependent reactions?
a. It requires light. c. It takes place in the stroma.
b. It takes place in the thylakoid. d. It takes place in chloroplasts.
14. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
a. active transport. c. facilitated diffusion.
 b. osmosis. d. osmotic pressure.
15. A substance with a pH of 6 is called
a. an acid. c. both an acid and a base.
b. neither an acid nor a base. d. a base.
16. Ingenhousz showed that plants produce oxygen bubbles when exposed to
a. a burning candle. c. carbon dioxide.
b. light. d. ATP.
17. What is a product of the Calvin cycle?
a. oxygen gas c. ATP
b. high-energy sugars d. carbon dioxide gas
18. Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
a. absorbs green light. c. does not absorb green light.
b. reflects violet light. d. none of the above
19. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?
a. oxygen gas c. NADPH
b. ATP d. all of the above
20. Which of the following is an autotroph?
a. mushroom c. leopard
b. impala d. tree
21. Which step is the beginning of photosynthesis?
a. High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain.
b. Pigments in photosystem II absorb light.
c. Pigments in photosystem I absorb light.
d. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane.
22. All of the following are types of tissues EXCEPT
a. nerve. c. connective.
b. muscle. d. digestive.
23. Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in
definite proportions?
a. compound c. isotope
b. enzyme d. nucleus
24. Where are photosystems I and II found?
a. in the stroma c. in the thylakoid membrane
b. in the Calvin cycle d. all of the above
25. Which of the following is false?
a. A chloroplast contains stroma. c. A granum contains several thylakoids.
b. A thylakoid contains chlorophyll. d. A stroma contains a thylakoid.
26. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP?
a. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and phosphate.
b. ADP forms when ATP releases energy.
c. ATP provides energy for the mechanical functions of cells.
d. Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste.
27. What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
a. NADH, NADPH, and FADH2 c. adenine, thylakoids, stroma
b. adenine, ribose, phosphate groups d. stroma, grana, chlorophyll
28. Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is
a. composed of a lipid bilayer. c. found in all organisms.
b. a flexible barrier. d. usually made of tough fibers.
29. The stroma is the region outside the
a. thylakoids. c. plant cells.
b. chloroplasts. d. all of the above
30. You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
a. fungi c. animals
b. plants d. all of the above
31. When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
a. solvent. c. reactant.
b. solute. d. solution.
32. The Calvin cycle takes place in the
a. thylakoid membranes. c. stroma.
b. chlorophyll molecules. d. photosystems.
33. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and
a. a different number of electrons. c. a different number of neutrons.
b. the same number of neutrons. d. a different number of molecules.
34. Which pathway represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?
a. H2O → Photosystem I → Photosystem II
b. O2 → ADP → Calvin cycle
c. H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle
d. Photosystem I → Calvin cycle → NADPH
35. A monosaccharide is a
a. lipid. c. carbohydrate.
b. nucleic acid. d. protein.
36. Which of the following is NOT an example of a heterotroph?
a. leopard c. mushroom
b. human d. grass
37. A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas be-
ing collected is probably
a. carbon dioxide. c. ATP.
b. oxygen. d. vaporized water.
38. What type of electron is available to form bonds?
a. nucleus c. ionic
b. covalent d. valence
39. The most abundant compound in most living things is
a. sodium chloride. c. sugar.
b. carbon dioxide. d. water.
40. Water molecules are polar, with the
a. oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly negative.
b. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive.
c. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative.
d. oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive.
41. Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?
a. in the thylakoid c. in the glucose
b. in the ATP d. in the stroma
42. If an atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, its mass number would be
a. 11. c. 7.
b. 3. d. 4.
43. The three particles that make up atoms are
a. protons, neutrons, and isotopes. c. positives, negatives, and electrons.
b. neutrons, isotopes, and electrons. d. protons, neutrons, and electrons.
44. A covalent bond is formed as the result of
a. transferring electrons. c. sharing an electron pair.
b. sharing a proton pair. d. transferring protons.
45. Why does the inside of the thylakoid membrane become positively charged during the light-dependent reac-
tions?
a. Carbon dioxide builds up in the stroma.
b. ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP.
c. H+ ions are released as water splits.
d. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the membrane.
46. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
a. helps a cell keep its shape c. helps make proteins
b. contains DNA d. surrounds the cell
47. Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
a. pigments. c. autotrophs.
b. thylakoids. d. heterotrophs.
48. Amino acid is to protein as
a. simple sugar is to starch. c. sugar is to fat.
b. DNA is to RNA. d. fat is to lipid.
49. The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains
a. protons. c. neutrons.
b. electrons. d. ions.
50. Jan van Helmont concluded that plants gain most of their mass from
a. oxygen in the air. c. carbon dioxide in the air.
b. water. d. the soil.
51. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
a. oxygen and high-energy sugars and starches.
b. oxygen.
c. high-energy sugars and starches.
d. ATP and oxygen.
52. Which scientists showed that plants need light to grow?
a. Priestley and Ingenhousz c. van Helmont and Priestley
b. van Helmont and Calvin d. Priestley and Calvin
53. Which of the following is(are) used in the overall reactions for photosynthesis?
a. water c. carbon dioxide
b. light d. all of the above
54. Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
a. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. rough endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes d. mitochondria and chloroplasts
55. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?
a. only in chlorophyll molecules c. in the mitochondria
b. in the stroma d. within the thylakoid membranes
56. Which of the following affects the rate of photosynthesis?
a. light intensity c. temperature
b. water d. all of the above
57. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
 a. mitochondrion c. ribosome
b. vacuole d. Golgi apparatus
58. A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain
in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York
State has a pH of
a. 4.30. c. 4.22.
b. 4.35. d. 4.40.
59. Which of the following is NOT a step in the light-dependent reactions?
a. Pigments in photosystem II absorb light.
b. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane.
c. High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain.
d. ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy sugars.
60. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
a. ribosome c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondrion d. chloroplast
61. Identify the reactant(s) in the chemical reaction, CO2 + H2O → H2CO3.
a. CO2 and H2O c. CO2, H2O, and H2CO3
b. CO2 d. H2CO3

Figure 8–1

62. Which structures shown in Figure 8–1 make up an ATP molecule?

a. A and B c. C and D
b. A, B, and C d. A, B, C, and D
63. Look at Figure 8–1. All of the following are parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT
a. structure D. c. structure C.
b. structure B. d. structure A.
64. In Figure 8–1, between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?
a. A and B c. C and D
b. B and C d. all of the above
65. If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is
a. 11. c. 23.
b. 1. d. 12.
66. Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the
cell to use?
a. endoplasmic reticulum c. mitochondrion
 b. Golgi apparatus d. chloroplast
67. If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the
plant’s production of high-energy sugars?
a. Carbon dioxide does not affect the production of high-energy sugars in plants.
b. No sugars will be produced.
c. More sugars will be produced.
d. The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide.
68. The cell theory applies to
a. bacteria. c. multicellular organisms.
b. plants and animals. d. all of the above
69. Plants take in the sun’s energy by absorbing
a. sunlight. c. chlorophyll b.
b. high-energy sugars. d. chlorophyll a.
70. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
a. an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
b. an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
c. an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration.
d. all of the above
71. Ice floats on water because
a. ice has a higher density than water. c. water shrinks when it freezes.
b. water expands when it freezes. d. of cohesion.
72. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called
a. chloroplasts. c. thylakoids.
b. pigments. d. glucose.
73. Which of the following is a use of radioactive isotopes?
a. can determine the ages of rocks and fossils
b. can be used as “tracers” to follow the movements of substances within organisms
c. can be used to treat cancer and kill bacteria that cause food to spoil
d. all of the above
74. What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
a. neutral c. negative
b. positive d. possibly positive or negative
75. Which of the following contain a nucleus?
a. bacteria c. eukaryotes
b. prokaryotes d. organelles
76. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
a. Very few cells reproduce.
b. All living things are made of cells.
c. Cells are the basic units of life.
d. All cells are produced by existing cells.
77. Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?
a. one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen
b. one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
c. one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine
d. two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
78. Suppose Priestley repeated his experiment using many kinds of plants besides mint, and that when different
plants were placed under the jar the candle remained lighted for different periods of time. What would be a lo-
gical conclusion from these experiments?
a. Different plants require different amounts of light.
b. Different plants release different amounts of carbon dioxide.
c. Different plants release different amounts of oxygen.
d. Different plants require different amounts of water.
 Ch 8 Comprehensive Test
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. DIF: L1 REF: p. 201 OBJ: 8.1.1

STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.D.a KEY: knowledge
2. DIF: L2 REF: p. 202 OBJ: 8.1.2 STA: 3.2.9-11.D.a
KEY: comprehension
3. DIF: L2 REF: p. 210 | p. 211 OBJ: 8.3.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: application
4. DIF: L3 REF: p. 182 OBJ: 7.3.1
STA: 3.1.9-11.C.b | 3.2.9-11.A.b | 3.2.9-11.F.a KEY: comprehension
5. DIF: L2 REF: p. 208 OBJ: 8.3.1
STA: 3.1.9-11.C.b | 3.2.9-11.A.a | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: comprehension
6. DIF: L1 REF: p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 KEY: knowledge
7. DIF: L1 REF: p. 202 OBJ: 8.1.2 STA: 3.2.9-11.D.a
KEY: knowledge
8. DIF: L3 REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: evaluation
9. DIF: L1 REF: p. 212 OBJ: 8.3.3 STA: 3.2.9-11.A.c | 3.2.9-11.B.c
KEY: knowledge
10. DIF: L2 REF: p. 206 OBJ: 8.2.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.D.a KEY: comprehension
11. DIF: L2 REF: p. 173 OBJ: 7.1.3 STA: 3.1.9-11.C.a
KEY: application
12. DIF: L2 REF: p. 207 OBJ: 8.2.3
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: comprehension
13. DIF: L2 REF: p. 212 OBJ: 8.3.3 STA: 3.2.9-11.A.c | 3.2.9-11.B.c
KEY: analysis
14. DIF: L1 REF: p. 185 OBJ: 7.3.3
STA: 3.2.9-11.F.a | 3.2.9-11.F.b | 3.2.9-11.F.c KEY: knowledge
15. DIF: L2 REF: p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 KEY: application
16. DIF: L1 REF: p. 206 OBJ: 8.2.1
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 8.2.9-11.A.a | 8.2.9-11.B.a KEY: knowledge
17. DIF: L1 REF: p. 212 OBJ: 8.3.3 STA: 3.2.9-11.A.c | 3.2.9-11.B.c
KEY: knowledge
18. DIF: L2 REF: p. 207 OBJ: 8.2.3
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: comprehension
19. DIF: L1 REF: p. 210 OBJ: 8.3.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: knowledge
20. DIF: L2 REF: p. 201 OBJ: 8.1.1
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.D.a KEY: analysis
21. DIF: L2 REF: p. 210 | p. 211 OBJ: 8.3.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: comprehension
22. DIF: L2 REF: p. 192 OBJ: 7.4.2 STA: 3.1.9-11.C.a
KEY: comprehension
23. DIF: L1 REF: p. 37 OBJ: 2.1.3 KEY: knowledge
24. DIF: L1 REF: p. 208 | p. 210 | p. 211OBJ: 8.3.2
 STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: knowledge
25. DIF: L3 REF: p. 208 OBJ: 8.3.1
STA: 3.1.9-11.C.b | 3.2.9-11.A.a | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: synthesis
26. DIF: L3 REF: p. 202 OBJ: 8.1.2 STA: 3.2.9-11.D.a
KEY: synthesis
27. DIF: L2 REF: p. 202 OBJ: 8.1.2 STA: 3.2.9-11.D.a
KEY: comprehension
28. DIF: L2 REF: p. 183 OBJ: 7.3.1
STA: 3.1.9-11.C.b | 3.2.9-11.A.b | 3.2.9-11.F.a KEY: knowledge
29. DIF: L1 REF: p. 208 OBJ: 8.3.1
STA: 3.1.9-11.C.b | 3.2.9-11.A.a | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: knowledge
30. DIF: L3 REF: p. 183 OBJ: 7.3.1
STA: 3.1.9-11.C.b | 3.2.9-11.A.b | 3.2.9-11.F.a KEY: synthesis
31. DIF: L2 REF: p. 42 OBJ: 2.2.2 KEY: application
32. DIF: L2 REF: p. 208 | p. 212 OBJ: 8.3.3
STA: 3.2.9-11.A.c | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: comprehension
33. DIF: L2 REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: analysis
34. DIF: L3 REF: p. 209 | p. 210 OBJ: 8.3.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: analysis
35. DIF: L2 REF: p. 46 OBJ: 2.3.1 STA: 3.2.9-11.D.b | 3.2.9-11.D.c
KEY: comprehension
36. DIF: L2 REF: p. 201 OBJ: 8.1.1
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.D.a KEY: analysis
37. DIF: L2 REF: p. 204 OBJ: 8.2.1
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 8.2.9-11.A.a | 8.2.9-11.B.a KEY: application
38. DIF: L2 REF: p. 38 OBJ: 2.1.4 KEY: application
39. DIF: L1 REF: p. 40 OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: knowledge
40. DIF: L2 REF: p. 40 OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: comprehension
41. DIF: L2 REF: p. 208 OBJ: 8.3.1
STA: 3.1.9-11.C.b | 3.2.9-11.A.a | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: comprehension
42. DIF: L2 REF: p. 35 OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: analysis
43. DIF: L1 REF: p. 35 OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: knowledge
44. DIF: L1 REF: p. 38 OBJ: 2.1.4 KEY: knowledge
45. DIF: L2 REF: p. 210 | p. 211 OBJ: 8.3.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: analysis
46. DIF: L1 REF: p. 181 OBJ: 7.2.3 STA: 3.1.9-11.C.b
KEY: knowledge
47. DIF: L1 REF: p. 201 OBJ: 8.1.1
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.D.a KEY: knowledge
48. DIF: L3 REF: p. 45 | p. 47 OBJ: 2.3.1 STA: 3.2.9-11.D.b | 3.2.9-11.D.c
KEY: synthesis
49. DIF: L2 REF: p. 35 OBJ: 2.1.1 KEY: comprehension
50. DIF: L1 REF: p. 204 | p. 205 OBJ: 8.2.1
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 8.2.9-11.A.a | 8.2.9-11.B.a KEY: knowledge
51. DIF: L1 REF: p. 204 | p. 206 OBJ: 8.2.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.D.a KEY: knowledge
52. DIF: L2 REF: p. 204 | p. 205 | p. 206 OBJ: 8.2.1
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 8.2.9-11.A.a | 8.2.9-11.B.a KEY: comprehension
53. DIF: L2 REF: p. 206 OBJ: 8.2.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.D.a KEY: comprehension
54. DIF: L3 REF: p. 179 | p. 180 OBJ: 7.2.2
STA: 3.1.9-11.C.b | 3.2.9-11.A.a | 3.2.9-11.A.c KEY: synthesis
55. DIF: L1 REF: p. 209 OBJ: 8.3.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: comprehension
56. DIF: L1 REF: p. 213 | p. 214 OBJ: 8.3.4
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: knowledge
57. DIF: L2 REF: p. 177 OBJ: 7.2.2
STA: 3.1.9-11.C.b | 3.2.9-11.A.a | 3.2.9-11.A.c KEY: comprehension
58. DIF: L2 REF: p. 43 OBJ: 2.2.3 KEY: analysis
59. DIF: L3 REF: p. 210 | p. 211 OBJ: 8.3.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: analysis
60. DIF: L1 REF: p. 180 OBJ: 7.2.2
STA: 3.1.9-11.C.b | 3.2.9-11.A.a | 3.2.9-11.A.c KEY: knowledge
61. DIF: L2 REF: p. 49 OBJ: 2.4.1 STA: 3.2.9-11.D.d | 3.2.9-11.D.e
KEY: analysis
62. DIF: L2 REF: p. 202 OBJ: 8.1.2 STA: 3.2.9-11.D.a
KEY: application
63. DIF: L2 REF: p. 202 | p. 203 OBJ: 8.1.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.a KEY: analysis
64. DIF: L1 REF: p. 202 | p. 203 OBJ: 8.1.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.D.a KEY: knowledge
65. DIF: L3 REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: evaluation
66. DIF: L1 REF: p. 179 OBJ: 7.2.2
STA: 3.1.9-11.C.b | 3.2.9-11.A.a | 3.2.9-11.A.c KEY: knowledge
67. DIF: L2 REF: p. 212 | p. 213 OBJ: 8.3.3
STA: 3.2.9-11.A.c | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: application
68. DIF: L3 REF: p. 170 OBJ: 7.1.1 STA: 3.1.9-11.C.a
KEY: synthesis
69. DIF: L1 REF: p. 207 OBJ: 8.2.3
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: knowledge
70. DIF: L1 REF: p. 184 OBJ: 7.3.2
STA: 3.2.9-11.F.a | 3.2.9-11.F.b | 3.2.9-11.F.c KEY: knowledge
71. DIF: L2 REF: p. 40 OBJ: 2.2.1 KEY: analysis
72. DIF: L1 REF: p. 207 OBJ: 8.2.3
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 3.2.9-11.B.b | 3.2.9-11.B.c KEY: knowledge
73. DIF: L2 REF: p. 36 OBJ: 2.1.2 KEY: application
74. DIF: L2 REF: p. 38 OBJ: 2.1.4 KEY: application
75. DIF: L1 REF: p. 173 OBJ: 7.1.3 STA: 3.1.9-11.C.a
KEY: knowledge
76. DIF: L2 REF: p. 170 OBJ: 7.1.1 STA: 3.1.9-11.C.a
KEY: comprehension
77. DIF: L2 REF: p. 37 OBJ: 2.1.3 KEY: comprehension
78. DIF: L3 REF: p. 205 OBJ: 8.2.1
STA: 3.2.9-11.B.a | 8.2.9-11.A.a | 8.2.9-11.B.a KEY: evaluation