Losses in the New Jersey Brigade at the Battles of: Short Hills (June 26, 1777); Brandywine (September

11, 1777); Germantown (October 4, 1777). John U. Rees (Note: Unless otherwise noted the following information was garnered from the Jersey regiment muster rolls. One important factor to be taken into consideration is that often wounded soldiers were not listed as such on the rolls.) I. The Short Hills, 26 June 1777 Comparative Accounts Bloomfield's Journal "... one Lieut. & an Ensign Wounded, & about forty Privates killed, Wounded & taken Prisoners." Israel Shreve Journal "Our Loss in kiled was 12... and about 20 taken prisoner... [and] about 20 wounded..." (Shreve included the following officers; 1 captain and 1 lieutenant killed; 1 captain and one adjutant captured) Israel Shreve letter, June 29, 1777 "We had between 20 & 30 Wounded... mostly slightly Except 3 or 4..." Israel Shreve letter, July 6, 1777 "we had 12 kiled and about 20 wounded and as many taken prisoners..." 1st New Jersey 1 private killed (1 private wounded in June 1777) 2nd New Jersey Captain Anderson killed1 (1 private dead June 25, 1777) Captain Lawrie wounded and captured2 1 volunteer wounded3 4 privates captured 1 sgt. Missing 3 privates missing 3rd New Jersey 1 private killed Captain Hennion wounded 1 private captured 1 private missing

4th New Jersey Ensign Sproul killed 1 private killed Adjutant King wounded and captured 9 privates missing Totals for Officers and Enlisted Men 2 officers killed, 1 officer wounded, and 2 officers captured 22 enlisted men and 1 volunteer, killed, wounded, captured, or missing.

Breakdown of Casualties 1 captain, 1 ensign and 3 privates killed 2 captains wounded (1 also captured) 1 volunteer wounded 1 private possibly wounded 1 adjutant and 4 privates captured 1 sergeant and 13 privates missing Combined Total (Officers and Enlisted Men) 5 killed, 3 wounded, 6 captured, 14 missing

Final Analysis, June 26, 1777 Israel Shreve's journal and letters seem to give the most accurate total: 12 killed, 20 captured and 20 wounded "mostly slightly Except 3 or 4..."3 II. Brandywine, 11 September 1777 Comparative Accounts Lewis Howell letter "... wounded and killed not exceeding twelve...", he stated that Captain Stout and a sergeant were the only killed in the 2nd Regiment. (found in "A Biographical Sketch of Governor Richard Howell...") Ebenezer Elmer stated that Stout, Sgt. Armstrong and 2 privates of the 2nd Regiment were killed and Colonel Shreve and 7 men wounded, 1 of these mortally. John Shreve's narrative "Two men, Jeremiah NcMahon and Ezekiel Jobs, were severely wounded near me; they both recovered." Bloomfield's journal: Sept. 11, 1777: Major Joseph Bloomfield, wounded, 3rd N.J. Capt. Bellard, wounded, 3rd N.J.

1st New Jersey 1 sgt. Killed 2 privates captured 4 private missing 2nd New Jersey Captain Stout killed4 1 sgt. Killed Colonel Shreve wounded5 2 privates wounded6 1 sergeant missing or deserted7 3 privates missing 3rd New Jersey 2 privates killed Major Bloomfield wounded8 Lt. Ballard wounded9 1 private wounded 11 privates captured 2 privates missing 4th New Jersey 1 private wounded 1 sgt. Captured 5 privates captured 4 privates missing Breakdown of Casualties 1 captain, 2 sergeants and 2 privates killed 1 colonel, 1 major, 1 lieutenant, and 4 privates wounded 1 sergeant and 18 privates captured 1 sergeant missing or deserted 13 privates missing Combined Total (Officers and Enlisted Men) 5 killed, 7 wounded, 19 captured, 13 missing Final Analysis, September 11, 1777 Ebenezer Elmer gives the most comprehensive total for the 2nd Regiment. According to the surgeon's mate 2 privates killed and 5 wounded, all unnamed, must be added to the total. Though the number of killed may have been higher and the number of wounded should probably be at least doubled the amended total is: 7 killed, 12 wounded, 19 captured and 13 missing. Totals for Officers and Enlisted Men 1 officer killed and 3 officers wounded 41 enlisted men killed, wounded, captured or missing

III. Germantown, 4 October 1777 Comparative Account Elias Dayton Papers: Ogden's 1st Regt. "... about 20 men" wounded. Field return of Dayton's 3rd. Regiment Oct. 6, 1777, 1 sgt. killed, 8 rank & file killed 1 sgt. and 12 rank & file wounded 1 sgt. and 4 rank & file missing Brigade-Major James Witherspoon, killed 1st New Jersey Captain McMires killed Ensign Hurley killed 1 sgt. Killed 7 privates killed (2 privates died in October, possibly wounded at Germantown) Captains Conway, Morrison, and Baldwin wounded Lt. Robinson wounded10 1 cpl. wounded 1 private wounded 1 cpl. Missing 3 privates missing 1 private captured 2nd New Jersey 1 private killed 2 privates captured 1 private missing 3rd New Jersey 3 privates killed 1 sergeant wounded Ensign Bloomfield wounded11 1 sgt. and 3 privates listed as wounded in the Sept/Oct return, probably wounded at Germantown. 1 private "Died of his Wound" November 28, 1777, possibly wounded at Germantown. 1 sgt. missing 4 privates missing 4th New Jersey 1 private killed Ensign Hays wounded, possibly died later. 2 privates wounded 2 privates missing

Breakdown of Casualties 1 brigade-major, 1 captain, 1 ensign, 1 sergeant and 12 privates killed 3 captains, 1 lieutenant, 2 ensigns, 2 sergeants, 1 corporal and 8 privates wounded. (2 privates died in October, possibly of wounds) 3 privates captured 1 sergeant, 1 corporal and 10 privates missing Combined Total (Officers and Enlisted Men) 16 killed, 18 wounded, 3 captured, 12 missing

Totals for Officers and Enlisted Men 3 officers killed and 6 officers wounded 40 enlisted men killed, wounded, captured or missing

Final Analysis, October 4, 1777 The above total should be adjusted according to the statement and return made by Elias Dayton in his collected papers. Thus the amended total is, 22 killed, 43 wounded, 3 captured, 12 missing.

IV. Officer Casualty List for the Campaign of 1777 (Bloomfield's Journal, 130.12 1st N.J. Regt. Killed - Major Joseph Morris, died 1/4/78 of wounds received at Whitemarsh, 12/5/77 Capt. Andrew McMyers, 10/4/77 Ensign Patrick Hurley 10/4/77 Wounded - Capt. John Conway 10/4/77 Capt. Isaac Morrison 10/4/77 Capt. Daniel Baldwin 10/4/77 Lt. Robert Robertson (Robinson) 10/4/77 Prisoners - Capt. Elias Longstreet 12/17/76 Capt. John Flahaven 4/24/77 Lt. John Mercer 2/1/77 2nd N.J. Regt. Killed - Capt. Joseph Stout 9/11/77 Capt. Ephraim Anderson 6/26/77 Wounded - Col. Israel Shreve 9/11/77 Ensign James Paul 6/26/77 Prisoners - Capt. James Lawry 6/26/77 Lt. Ryerson 11/16/76 (captured at Fort Washington) 3rd N.J. Regt. Killed - 0 Wounded - Major Joseph Bloomfield 9/11/77 Capt. John Ross (date unknown) Capt. Jeremiah Ballard 9/11/77 Capt. Cornelius Hennion 6/26/77 Lt. Clarke 10/4/77 Ensign Jervis Bloomfield 10/4/77 4th N.J. Regt. Killed - Ensign Sprowls 6/26/77 Ensign John Hays 10/4/77 Wounded & Captured - Adjutant Joseph King 6/26/77 Wounded - Lt Jonathan Holmes, 1/2/77, Trenton Brigade Command Brigade-Major James Witherspoon, killed 10/4/77

Sources 1. Israel Shreve Journal, November 23, 1776 to August 14, 1777, Israel Shreve Papers, Buxton Collection, Prescott Memorial Library, Louisiana Tech University (contains an excellent account of the battle of Short Hills). 2. Ibid. 3. Israel Shreve to Dr. Bodo Otto, dated "Turkey Gap Sunday 29th. June 1777," Israel Shreve Papers, Buxton Collection, Prescott Memorial Library, Louisiana Tech University. James Paul was a volunteer serving in the position of sergeant. Immediately after the Battle of the Short Hills, which took place on June 26, 1777, Shreve stated that among the wounded was "Ensign James Paul in the thigh..." This rank was awarded to him immediately after the battle though it did not become official until October of 1777. (For more on volunteers in the regiment see, John U. Rees, "`He Come Out with us this time As a Volunteer': Soldiers Serving Without Pay in the Second New Jersey Regiment, 1777-1780," Military Collector & Historian, vol. XLV, no. 4 (Winter 1993), 154-55. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/volunteer.htm ) "Promotions to be made in the 2d. New Jersey Regt. Commandd By Coll. Shrieve - James Paul a Volunteer & wounded at sho[r]t hills was promised by his Excellency a Commisn. Dated 1st July 1777... Given in Camp at Towaminsing Township the 12th Day of Oct. 1777 Wm. Maxwell B.G.," Revolutionary War Rolls, National Archives Microfilm Publications, Record Group 93, M246 (Washington, D.C., 1980) roll 57, section 21-3, p. 14. 4. Ebenezer Elmer, "Extracts from the Journal of Surgeon Ebenezer Elmer of the New Jersey Continental Line, September 11-19, 1777," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 35 (1911), 103-107. 5. Ibid., 103-107. 6. John Shreve, "Personal Narrative of the Services of Lieut. John Shreve of the New Jersey Line of the Continental Army," Magazine of American History, vol. 3, part 2 (1879), 564-578. Covers the period 1775-1783. John Shreve was the son of Col. Israel Shreve. 7. Capt. Nathaniel Bowmans company muster roll, November 1777, Revolutionary War Rolls, National Archives Microfilm Publications, Record Group 93, M246 (Washington, 1980), reel 58. 8. Mark E. Lender and James Kirby Martin, eds. Citizen Soldier; The Revolutionary Journal of Joseph Bloomfield (Newark, 1982), 127. 9. Ibid., 127. 10. Elias Dayton, "Papers of General Elias Dayton," Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society, vol. 3 (1848-1849), pp. 185-186. 11. Ibid., 185-186. 12. Lender and Martin, Citizen Soldier; Francis B. Heitman, Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army During the War of the Revolution - April 1775 to December 1783 (Baltimore, 1982); Revolutionary War Rolls, National Archives Microfilm Publications, Record Group 93, M246 (Washington, 1980), reel 55 to reel 62, muster rolls of the 1st, 2d, 3d and 4th New Jersey Regiments. Also studied though not included in the statistics was Spencer's Additional Regiment, reels 128 and 129. Ebenezer Elmer, "Journal of Lieutenant Ebenezer Elmer of the Third Regiment of New Jersey Troop in the Continental Service, April 19, 1777-May 25, 1777; August 24, 1782-November 1783, Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society, vol. 3 (1848-1849), 96-102. Ebenezer Elmer was appointed surgeon's mate in the 2nd New Jersey Regiment as of April 1, 1777 (page 102). Elias Dayton, "Papers of General Elias Dayton," Proceedings of the New

Jersey Historical Society, vol. 3 (1848-1849), 185-186; Daniel Agnew, "A Biographical Sketch of Governor Richard Howell, of New Jersey," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 22 (1898), 221-225; contains a good account of the 2nd Regiments role in the battle at Trois Rivieres; Israel Shreve Papers, Buxton Collection, Prescott Memorial Library, Louisiana Tech University, letter Israel Shreve to Mary Shreve, dated July 6, 1777. See also, John U. Rees "I Expect to be stationed in Jersey sometime...: An Account of the Services of the Second New Jersey Regiment:
Part I, December 1777 to June 1778 (1994, unpublished, copy held in the collections of the David Library of the American Revolution, Washington Crossing, Pa.), contains seventeen appendices covering various subjects including studies of the casualties incurred by the New Jersey Brigade (1777-1779), the uniform clothing of the New Jersey Brigade (1776-1778), the use of the nine-month draft in 1778, and names of all the officers and enlisted men of the regiment. Also included is a collection of pension narratives of the common soldiers of the New Jersey Brigade:
The March to Winter Quarters: 13 December to 25 December 1777 General Orders, 20 December to 25 December 1777 Countering the "depredations of the Enemy": 23 December to 28 December 1777 The Valley Forge Camp in the Waning Days of 1777 A. General Orders: 25 December to 31 December 1777 B. "I fancy we may ... Content ourselves in these Wigwams ...": 1 January to 19 March 1778 Valley Forge in the First Months of 1778 General Orders, 1 January to 19 March 1778 "I Expect to be stationed in Jersey sometime ...": 22 March to 1 April 1778 General Orders of the Army, 20 March to 28 March 1778 "The Enemy Giting intelligence of our movement ...": 4 April to 30 May 1778 General Orders of the Army, 8 April to 6 May 1778 Reinforcements and Alarms: The Actions of Brigadier General William Maxwell and the Remainder of the Jersey Brigade, May 7 to May 24, 1778 The Institution of Nine-Month Enlistments from the New Jersey Militia, February to June 1778 Procuring Arms and Equipment for the Regiment, March to June 1778 Clothing the Men in the Spring of 1778 The Jersey Brigade is Reunited, May 28 to June 19, 1778 Appendices (partial list) Company Strengths and Dispositions, December 1777 to May 1779 (including tables of casualties, deserters, etc.) Monthly Regimental Strength as Taken from the Muster Rolls, December 1777 to May 1779 Listing of Field Officers, Company Officers, and Staff, December 1777 to May 1779 Company Organization, December 1777 to May 1779 A. Lineage of Companies, 1777 to 1779 B. Continuity of Company Command Through May 1779 Proportion of Men from 2nd N.J. of 1776 Who Reenlisted in 2nd N.J. of 1777 A Listing of Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates of the 2nd N.J. of 1778

Part II, June 1778 to June 1779, covers the period from the onset of the 1778 Monmouth Campaign to the units departure for the 1779 expedition led by Major General John Sullivan against the Iroquois (manuscript).