Best Practices and Innovation of Buildings in Malaysia

SEMINAR ON THE PROMOTION ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION (PROMEEC) FOR BUILDINGS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Hishamudin Ibrahim Singapore, 24 January 2008

Energy Policy related to Energy Efficiency in Malaysia

Energy Policies Development

Four-fuel Diversification Policy 1981 National Depletion Policy 1980 National Energy Policy 1979 RE as 5th Fuel Policy 2001 Kick Start of SREP

National Petroleum Policy 1975

Petroleum Development Act 1974

National Energy Policy

1 Supply Objective To ensure the provision of adequate, secure and cost effective energy supply through developing indigenous energy resources, both non-renewable and renewable energy sources using the least-cost option and diversification of supply sources both from within and outside the country. 2 The Utilization Objective To promote the efficient utilization of energy and to discourage wasteful and non productive patterns of energy consumption 3 The Environment Objective To minimize the negative impacts of energy production, transportation, conversion, utilization and consumption on the environment.

5. Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010)

Ensuring sufficiency, security, reliability quality and cost effectiveness of energy supply Improving the productivity and efficiency of energy suppliers and promoting market-based approach in determining energy prices Reducing the high dependence on petroleum products by increasing the use of alternative fuels Promoting greater use of RE for power generation and by industries Intensifying EE initiatives in industrial, transport and commercial sectors as well as in government buildings

Policy Implementation
Preparation of Legislative Framework
Final draft of Efficient Management of Electrical Energy Regulations Appointment of energy managers in energy-intensive installations Compulsory submission of annual report on energy consumption and EE measures implemented

To include EE elements in Uniform Building By-laws (UBBL)

Reference to MS 1525: Code of Practice on the Use of RE and EE in Non-Residential Buildings
Building Envelope, Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System, Lighting

Policy Implementation
Fiscal Incentives
For Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) providing EE services using Energy Performance Contracting (EPC)
Pioneer Status, Investment Tax Allowance Import duty & Sales Tax Exemption

For companies implementing EE projects for own benefit

Initially Accelerated Capital Allowance but enhanced to Investment Tax Allowance under Budget 2006 Import duty & Sales Tax Exemption

Incentives extended to December 2010

Policy Implementation
Examples Of Equipment & Systems Eligible For Incentives Energy Efficient Equipment & Devices;
High efficiency motors (HEM) Intelligent motor control Variable speed drive (VSD) Gas heat pump High efficiency boilers and/or accessories (e.g. economisers, recuperators, superheaters etc.)

Energy Efficiency Technologies & Systems:

Thermal Energy Storage Micro-turbine Combined heat & power (CHP) systems Combined cooling, heat & power (CCHP) systems

Renewable Energy Equipment & Systems:

Photovoltaic systems Biomass fired heater Energy storage systems (for EPS or power quality improvement)

EE Initiatives
Energy efficient refrigerator campaign Campaigns for High Efficiency Motors Energy Month

Policy Implementation
EE Awareness: Publication
Energy Efficiency And Conservation Guidelines
Part 1 of the guidelines on electrical energy-use equipment: Promote EE&C activities in Malaysia. Provide guidelines for industries to establish their respective standards for efficient use of energy and internal benchmarking. Encourage industries to use the guideline as a reference document for energy efficiency and conservation activities/programme. Reduce the emission of gases that have global warming potentials through efficient use of energy in equipment.

Energy Audit Guideline for buildings

How to conduct energy adit Relevant forms Relevant case studies

Policy Implementation
Energy Audit in Government Buildings Objective: to create awareness and disseminate relevant information regarding energy efficiency (EE) among the government organizations. 2002: 12 office buildings audited. 2008: Will audit Offices and hospitals

Policy Implementation
EE Demonstration
New office building of the Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications, built as a showcase to local developers and designers to replicate relevant viable features

Government-led initiatives

ASEAN Energy Award winners from Malaysia

Securities Commission
Winner in 2001 AEA under the New & Existing Category 8-floor office building with public facilities (library, lecture theatre, cafeteria, auditorium, seminar room) having air-conditioned area of 48,500 m2

LANDSCAPE
Within the landscape there are a range of components integrated into the design: Softscape or planting Hardscape or paving Water

FACADE
Externally : The faade comprises a double skin faade with an 800 mm thermal flue. Green Glass Low E tinted 12 mm external with Aluminium cladding. Internally : Green Glass 8mm with automatic perforated roller blinds. Thermal Flue : Horizontal steel grating for maintenance walkway and shading. Vertical fixed louvers at 35 angle tilt as shading device with the buffer zone.

LIGHTING
A lighting level of 500 lux for the office floors Light fittings selected are of: Fluorescent fittings, 2 louvres c/w air-cond return slots, 4 x 18W TDL Osram, electronic ballast non-dimming (HF Dulux Osram 2 x 18W) with ballast driven power of 16W per channel/tube and 2W loss/channel.

AIR CONDITIONING
Low level displacement aircond for atrium with hot air allowed to stratify the remaining unoccupied 6 floors above for thermostatic venting. Energy savings of 40% compared with conventional overhead air-cond. Underfloor comfort air-cond for office floors using ductless and uninsulated floor plenum. Energy savings of at least 15% compared with conventional overhead system.

MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE

Building Control and Management System (BCMS) integrating BAS and OA system with high level interface to chillers, lifts etc. Comprehensive maintenance and management programmes.
Chiller Optimisation Programme Maximum Demand Limiting CO2 sensors for fresh air intake in conjunction with Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) control and outside air enthalpy for energy. CO sensor for carpark ventilation. Duty cycling for various selected fans. Thermostatic controlled fans for all plant rooms

EE PARAMETERS
OTTV 38 W/m2 Energy Efficiency Index: 102 kWh/m/yr (Airconditioned area) Lighting load: 13.7 W/m2 Indoor environment Temperature: 23 +/ 1.5oC RH: 60 +/- 5%

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
No CFC use or ozone depletion refrigerants, 40 50% reduction on carbon dioxide emissions. An upward air displacement air conditioning system via the floor void would provide running costs 30% - 40% lower than standard. Low E glass in the building faade avoids high reflectivity to the surrounding. The double skin faade and roof plant room void offices acts as not only a climatic buffer to the external thermal temperature but to noise pollution from the surrounding high-ways.

KL International Airport
1st runner-up at 2004 AEA on New & Existing Building Category A 5-storey airport building comprising of a main terminal and satellite building with total air conditioned area of 214, 500 m2

LIGHTING
Lighting fixtures:
Departure level: metal halide floodlights Ticket, check-in and information desks: ceiling lightings and diachronic lamps Waiting areas: metal halide luminaries Baggage & reclaim areas: metal halide downlights

EE PARAMETERS
OTTV < 45 W/m2 Energy Efficiency Index: 230 kWh/m/yr (Air-conditioned area) Lighting load: 13 W/m2 Indoor environment Temperature: 23 +/ 1oC RH: 60 +/- 5%

ON-SITE DESIGN
Forest In The airport

Walk or catch a free ride

Creature Comfort

AIR CONDITIONING
Air-Conditioning System
The air-conditioning system at MTB comprise of the air handling units (AHU) for the air side the chill water side is supplied by other entity namely Gas District Cooling (GDC) from a plant about 5 km away. This is a win-win strategy where less energy & maintenance cost for the building operator and multiple energy interchangeable at GDC in producing electrical power.

AIR CONDITIONING
The jet nozzle diffuser at departure level (level 5) are installed 3 meter high from floor i.e. occupied area only. The diffusers are installed at the column and on top of check-in counters i.e. cooling-occupant efficiency. Apart from constant air volume (CAV) for concourse area, variable air volume (VAV) of air handling unit (AHU) also applies to avoid excess cooling capacity at the concessionaires area. CO2 level sensor also included in the design for passenger air comfort. Variable speed drive (VSD) varies the motor power consumption for the total 6 nos of pumps (2 running at a time i.e. 1 duty, 1 standby to match the required pressure of return chill water to GDC plant, 5 km away.

Active Design
Baggage handling system (BHS)

Rotunda Door

Escalator & Walkalator

Building Management System (BMS)

Passive Design

Maintenance & Management

Control lighting by schedule and photocell sensor Control of air conditioning system by schedule Control of comfort conditions and energy consumption at gate and lounge area based onload (arrival and departure schedule).

TELEKOM MALAYSIA HEADQUARTERS BUILDING

1st Runner-up in 2005 AEA under New & Existing Category A 55 storey building built to integrate an Intelligent Building featuring EE building control and management systems with an air-conditioned area of 114,000 m2

Passive Design
The narrow facades are oriented east and west, which minimises the buildings direct exposure to sunlight. Solar shading in the form of aluminium louvres and sky courts effectively shade the offices without compromising daylight penetration. Windows on the main north and south facades are set back from the cladding plane which not only shade the the office space but sculpts the monolith with consistent slits across.

Sky courts shade the facades from overheating and provide intermediary social space between office floors

Passive Design
OFFICES WEST FACING SKYGARDENS CENTRAL CORE EAST FACING SKYGARDENS OFFICES

SKYGARDENS, A key idea in the concept of the tower design is the inclusion of large open air terraced gardens scaling the heights of the Tower. This development is in response to current ideas about environmentally sensitive architecture, providing natural shade on the eastern and western facades. These gardens will soften the towers external facade and serve as living filters of heat, light and noise for the workers within. The skygardens vary in sizes from 143.10m to 606.36m offer a variety of accessible external spaces for relaxation and informal encounters and discussions, providing an immediately adjacent refuge to combat the day to day stress in this highly technological corporation.

Passive Design - Consideration of

Natural Ventilation

CAR PARK VENTILATION LOUVRES Max vent opening area provided above grade to reduce the capacity of the mech. ventilation fans. FIRE STAIRCAE VENTILATION LOUVRES Natural ventilation in lieu of mech. ventilation CAR PARK VENTILATION LOUVRES

LIGHTING
Lighting level of 500 lux (office) Lighting fittings Recessed light fitting c/w 2 x 36 W fluorescent, colour 84, mirror reflector, electronic ballast non-dimming type with a/c return air slots

AIR CONDITIONING
Underfloor Air-Conditioning System.
300 mm deep accessible raised floor. Conditioned supply air delivered to floor plenum by re-locatable CAM units. No. of circular swirl floor diffusers located on the raised floor carpet tiles for uniform air distribution. Perimeter fan powered terminal units with localised control at the glazing area to adopt to changes in solar cooling loads. Exhaust air extracted through light fittings at a level in the ceiling plenum.

Active Design

UNDERFLOOR AIRCONDITIONING

CUSTOM INDIRECT LIGHTING

THE RETURN SYSTEM TO THE CAM UNIT

BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Intelligent Building Management System (IBMS)
Energy Management Control System (EMCS) for a/c High Voltage Monitoring System (SCADA). Low Voltage and Plumbing Control & Monitoring System. Addressable Lighting Control using C-Bus modules. Lift Control & Monitoring System Fire Control Panel & Fire Alarm Control and Monitoring System Document Conveying System

EE PARAMETERS
OTTV 42 W/m2 Energy Efficiency Index: 138 kWh/m/yr (Air-conditioned area) Lighting load: 14.7 W/m2 Indoor environment Temperature: 23 +/ 1.5oC RH: 60 +/- 5%

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Environmental Impacts
Ducts and machine plant insulation Maximising water efficiency No CFC used for refrigerants Low E-glass to avoid high reflectivity to surrounding.

THE LEO BUILDING

Winner in 2006 AEA under the New & Existing Category A 4-storey office building of the Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications, built as a showcase of energy efficiency for future buildings with an air-conditioned area of 17,000 m2

Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)

- Building Envelope
Proper Building Orientation. - Most windows / glazing facing North and South. - Less windows facing East and West. - To minimized heat gain from the sun radiation.

North Facade South Facade

N

West Facade

Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)

- Building Envelope contd

Insulation. - Flat (100mm insulation) - 2nd Roof (Part of the architectural feature which provide shading).
2nd Roof 2nd Roof

Shaded Area under the 2nd Roof

- Walls (200 mm Aerated Light Concrete blocks).

Flat roof

Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)

- Building Envelope contd

Punch Hole Windows (600 - 1000 mm) - Better shading effect - Diffuse daylight.

Without Punch Windows WITH Punch Windows

Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)

- Building Envelope contd

Windows Glazing. - 12 mm light green glass.
Final Laboratory Test !

- Visible light trans. = 63.1%. - Shading coefficient = 0.57

63.1 %

Provides more daylight but less heat

Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)

- Building Envelope contd

Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV)

OTTV is a calculation to measure the level of heat absorbed into the building
- Max. Base Building OTTV : 45 W/m2 (Malaysian Standard - MS1525) - Max. PJH spec., OTTV : 35 W/m2 - Actual calculated OTTV by PPC : 31.4 W/m2

Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)

- Building Envelope contd

Use of Natural Ventilation of Fresh Air at the Atrium - Use Thermal Flue Chimney Effect. - Simulation results;
Clear sky : 8 10 ACH Cloudy day : 6 8 ACH
Thermal Flue Stack

T (Inside Outside) ~ 0.10C

Energy Efficient Design Features (Passive Design)

- Interior Space Layout Design

Room near facade

Open space towards facade

Corridor

DAYLIT SEMI-DAYLIT ELECTRIC LIGHT ONLY

Most intensive work area near the faade. Less intensive work area at the centre floor area.

Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)

- Innovative Lighting Design

Two circuit lighting system Internal & Perimeter Circuits (room near the faade / windows), - All lights in the room controlled by occupancy sensor (Both circuits). - Lights near the windows controlled by photo sensor (Perimeter circuit).
Light fittings at internal Circuit

Light fittings at Perimeter Circuit

Room near the facade

Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)

- Innovative Lighting Design contd

System integrated with Building Energy Management system. Design luminance level in Offices : 350 lux - Proposed by MS 1525:2001* : 300 400 lux. - Base design requirement : 500 lux.
* MS 1525:2001 = CODE OF PRACTICE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR NON RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS)

Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)

- Air conditioning System

Zoning of cooling and control according to occupancy and load. - VAV boxes. - Variable speed drives (VSDs). - Room temperature control sensors

Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)

- Air conditioning System

CO2 Sensors & Heat Recovery Heat Wheel - Helps to reduce cooling load of fresh air intake.

CO2 sensors

Heat Recovery Wheel

INDOOR CONDITIONS
Temperature control set point : 24oC.
(Acceptable comfort level)

- Base design requirement - Proposed by MS 1525:2001* Relative Humidity: 60 +/- 5%

: 22 - 23oC. : 23oC 26oC

Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)

- Air conditioning System contd

Low Friction Losses design
Air distribution (Air duct) [Pa/m] Chilled Water piping System [Pa/m] Normal Max. 1.2 590 EE Max. 1 200

- Reduces installed Chilled Water pumps and Fan capacity and use less energy consumption.

Legend: High friction losses use more energy Low friction losses use less energy

Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)

- Air conditioning System contd

Electronic Air Cleaners. - Maintain efficient air filtering system. - Reduce losses due to less dust accumulation. - Improve room air quality.

Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)

- Energy Efficient Office Equipment

Recommended by Energy Efficient Office Equipment Procurement Guideline by DANIDA Plug Loads Computer Monitor Printer Copier Fax Advantages with EE equipment : - Reduced electricity load. - Reduced cooling load

Energy Efficient Design Features (Active Design)

- Energy Efficient Office Equipment contd

Achieved Total Small Power Density, - Base design requirement = 20.0 W/m2 - Calculated small power density design by Putra Perdana Const. = 11.5 W/m2

Socket outlet for other plug Socket outlet for computers loads and printer

Energy Efficient Design Features

- Energy Management System

A comprehensive Energy Management System.
- Individual Monitoring of cooling, Lighting,Equipment. - Continuous monitoring and optimization.

Energy Efficient Design Features

- Energy Management System

An Energy Manager has been employed, - Had attended Energy Managers Professional Training Course. - Responsible for efficient operation of buildings energy-related issues. - Monitor, energy audit & analyzed building energy consumption. - Advice to management to improve EE.

Energy Efficient Design Features

-Additional Features - (Renewable Energy 3 kWp PV System)

- Demonstrates a small Grid Connected Photo-voltaic System to power the Water Wall system in the atrium.

PV Panels on the roof top Water wall in the atrium

Sustainable Design Features

-Additional Features -(Rain Water Harvest System)

- Demonstrates Rain Water Harvest System from the Secondary Roof. - The collected water used by the Irrigation System. - Help to reduce water consumption supply by utility.

Rain Water Harvest Tank on the rooftop

ENERGY-10 Optimisation

Conventional MECM MECM NREL / AutoBuild Shoebox Base LEO

300

kWh / m year
200
120

275

100
64 62 11 Cooling Lights

93

100

25 Other Total

Putrajaya International Convention Centre (PICC)

Land size: 51 acres Gross floor area: 134,821 square meters 194 kWh/m2/yr

Design concept
Combination of wau (ancient kite) and the pending perak (silver royal belt buckle) to portray concept of unity. Roof structure : folded origami puzzle, designed to protect from the sun and to channel rainwater effectively. Generous natural daylight.

Design concept
Offer world leaders a venue with world-class hospitality and services to facilitate internationally significant discussions in an effective manner. Ample space for the largest conventions as well as individual rooms. Plenary Hall : 4,302 square meters - 3,000 people. Banquet Hall is 4,347 square meters
4,500 cocktail style and 2,000 banquet style.

Head of States Hall : 518 square meters -184 theatre styles.

Effective Site Planning & Landscape Planning

Putrajaya is set to be a model garden city with a sophisticated information network base on multimedia technologies. Putrajaya sits on 4,931 hectare spread and about 40% of Putrajaya is designated as Green Area such as parks, gardens, open spaces, lake and wetlands. Beautiful landscape with greenery
creates a fresh and pleasant environment provides comfort for public to rest around the building.

Considered for fresh air area in the building. Tropical plants are planted inside and surrounding the building to provide cooling effect and environmentally close to nature. The landscape provides
good shading a pleasant place for people to have a excellent view, temporarily relax and wind down after stressful working supply fresh air to car park in the basement.

Day lighting
Maximization use of daylight by having more glazing for the facades as well as the use of natural ventilation due to less external pollution. The east and west elevations have less glass walls to protect the conference hall from extreme sunlight. Walls are made of glass, generous natural daylights will illuminate the auditorium through the raked and shaded windows.
Internal garden Shading devices (Aerofoil Aluminium Sunshade Louvre)

Plenary hall day lighting system

Air conditioning System

Chilled water supply: Gas District Cooling (GDC) The cooling install capacity is 12.5 W/m based on air conditioning area. The system includes the following features:
Efficient chilled water circulation and heat recovery wheel system Efficient air distribution with Variable Speed Drive (VSD) technologies. Building Control System (BCS) with particular stress on the energy management component.

Heat Recovery Wheel

The Heat Recovery Wheel (HRW) enhances the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) without raising the energy cost. The HRW exchanges stale, contaminated room air with fresh outdoor air and in the process recovers up to 80% of the energy from the exhaust air and uses it to pre-cool or pre-heat the supply air.

Thank You
Pusat Tenaga Malaysia No. 2, Jalan 9/10 Persiaran Usahawan Section 9 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi Selangor Website: www.ptm.org.my E-mail: info@ptm.org.my