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Motors
Introduction
l It is becoming very popular the utilization of squirrel cage induction motors with variable frequency drives (VFDs) in the industry. l The advance of power electronics technology and the cost of the VFDs are making this utilization possible. l The many advantages of this type of application are:
Speed variation. Heavy load inertia starting. High starting torque requirements. Low starting current requirements. High efficiency at low speed. High power factor.
l The induction motor with VFDs replaces with advantage today the DC motors, and wound rotor motors.
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Motors
The Specification
l The utilization of VFDs may affect the design, performance and reliability of induction motors. Some effects are positive like the less fatigue to the mechanical components and rotating elements due to soft speed variation. l The life of the motors can be influenced positively when adequately applied. l There are some important factor to be considered when specifying motors with VFDs application:
The Common Mode Voltage Harmonics Switching Frequencies and Stationary Waves Speed Range Starting Aspects
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2 fm
The synchronous speed of the motor varies linearly with the electrical
Motors
VM N
cos t
The Maximum torque of the motor varies with the square of the flux
Motors
Torque N.m
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 Starting Torque Full Load Torque
Speed rpm
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Motors
Some Examples
l Constant Torque applications
l Steel mills machines, Paper machines (winder, tension reels, mill stands) l Cement mills, rubber mills, mixers, crushers l Conveyors l Cranes and elevators cars
Motors
Some Examples
Motors
1.2 Motor Maximum Current 1.0 Load Torque Curve 0.8 Motor Voltage in p.u. Torque in p.u. Base Speed Constant Voltage Region
reduced DC motor field voltage region
0.6
z /H s lt Vo
ne Li
Co nst an t
Hp Lin e
0.4
t an t s on C
Motor Voltage
0.2
Top Speed
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Motors
1.50 1.25
1.0
Torque in p.u.
Base Speed
0.5
ine L z /H s t l Vo t n sta n Co
Load Torque
0.25
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
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Motors
2.0 1.66
1.33
Torque in p.u.
Load Torque
1.0
Base Speed
0.66
z lts/H o V t stan Con
Volts Boost
0.33
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
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Motors
750 HP Motor - 6 Poles - 540 rpm base speed - 575 V
8750 Max. Motor Current at 345 V 7292 Constant Torque region 5833 540 rpm Constant Volts = 575 V
Torque in lb-ft
4375
t an t s on C
z /H s lt Vo
ne Li
2917
Volts
1458
Top Speed
180 9
360 18
540 27
720 36
900 45
1080 54
1260 63
1440 72
1620 81
1800 90
Motors
500 HP Motor - 6 P 1440 rpm 2300 V
2734
2278
Torque in lb-ft
1823
1367
z s/H t l o tV n ta ns o C
911
Load Torque
455
288 14.4
576 28.8
864 43.2
1152 57.6
1440 72
Motors
5KAF 400HP 1200 368 575 0.9567 1.15
TEAO
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Motors
The Overload
l Normally the overload is specified at base speed. l The overload occur in short period of time (60 seconds). l Standard overload requirements is in the range of 150 to 200%. It depends on the application. l The motor must have sufficient maximum torque to hold the overload conditions. l The motor will give the maximum current at the base speed. It is based on this current that the VFD must be selected. 16
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The Accessories
l The most common accessories on motors for VFDs operation are: 2 Tachometers ( specially for vector control drives) to be used when speed control is critical. 2 Winding temperature sensors as such RTDs or Thermistor for temperature monitoring. 2 Shaft grounding brushes (depending on VFDs type)
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Motors
The Accessories
Motors
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Motors
KAF INDUCTION MOTOR BASIC SPECIFICATION Shaft Power (in HP, or KW) ___________________ Enclosure _______ ; Insulation F; Ambient Temperature ____ C Temperature rise _____ no Fator de Servio _____ RPM base _____________ RPM max (top speed)_____________ RPM minimum in operation________ Application (Driven Machine) ______________________ Torque below base speed: Variable Torque _____ Constant Torque ______ Volts __________ Starting across the line capability: Yes or No _____ VFD Type: _____ PWM ______ IGBT or IGCT ______ GTO _____ CSI Name of VFD Manufacturer (if available) _______________________ Overload at base speed: _____ 150% current (standard) _____ 200% current Service Factor with the VFD __________ (1.0 standard or 1.15) Bearings: Anti-friction _______ Sleeve ______ Manufacturer standard _________ Tachometer: Yes_____ No _______ Model _____________ Provision for __________ Thermal Sensor on windings : RTD Pt 100 ohms____ Cu 10 ohms _____ Thermistor ___________ Other accessories _________________________ GE - GEVISA S.A.
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COUNTRY TYPE
TAIWAN TAIWAN TAIWAN BRAZIL BRAZIL USA USA USA USA THAILAND THAILAND USA HOLAND HOLAND HOLAND USA USA USA USA USA KAF KAF KAF KAF KAF KAF KAF KAF KAF KAF KAF KAF KAF KAF KAF TSAF TSAF TSAF TSAF TSAF
HP
800 804 1207 603 480 1178 800 1125 950 1350 500 1250 1126 80 635 1500 1200 3352 3352 7375
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