Control of waste generation

The waste generation can be controlled with the help of 3R principle of waste management. The 3R principle stands for. (1) Reuse (2) Recycle (3) Recovery
In Processing Pn

Wn

The above diagram is indicating that in a processing system one input is required (In) to get a product (Pn). During the processing, waste must be produced (Wn). The waste may be solid, liquid or gas. The quality of the input can be denoted as IQn , the quality of the product can be PQn & that waste is WQn . Therefore, WQn =

IQ + PQ
n

Thus, waste may consist of some parts of inputs, some part of outputs & intermediate products for med during the processing operation. There are six different conditions which are helpful to convert the waste to the wealth, there are: 1. The first condition is IQ n = WQ w . In this case the quality of waste is similar to the quantity of input. So, waste can be reused as a of the same processing system. e.g. Lime sludge in paper & pulp industry can be again as a input. 2. The second condition is IQn WQn. In this case, the waste is recycled back in the processing operation after some treatment. e.g. Hot water coming out from the cooling the thermal plant. This is waste. After reducing temperature it can be recycled again as cooling 3. The third condition is
IQn reuse WQn Processing PQn

input

used
PQn

IQn

Processing

WQn recycled WQn Treatment

tower of the water.

IQ n1 WQ n1 but IQ n2 =WQn1
In this case, the waste quality of a system is not same as the quality of input, but it is suitable for reuse in other system as input. e.g., Sludge collected from tannery Industry may be used as fertilizer different crop.

treatment 4. The fourth condition is WQ n1 PQ n2

In this case, the wastes generated from one system are converted to a new product after proper treatment.
IQn1 Processing treatment WQn1 PQn2 PQn1

e.g., Kids toy can be prepared from the waste plastics. 5. The fifth condition is WQ nb = IQ na In this case, waste formed in one stage of the process may be used or recycled in the other stage of the same process.
IQna Processing (a) IQnb Processing (b) PQn

WQnb Recycled

e.g., Sludge generated after the activated sludge process is recycled to accretion tank. 6. The sixth Condition is WQn1 Treatment WQn2 In this case, the wastes generated from one system changed to different quality of Waste. This new type of waste is either more useful or less harmful than the previous type of waste
IQn1 Processing treatment WQn1 WQn2 PQn1

Thus, looking to the above six process we can say that waste can be recycled back to the processing unit, it can be used to manufacture of other products, it can be used in other field where it is suitable or its harmful effect can be reduced or destroyed by giving some treatment. So, we can say that the waste can be converted to wealth also.