Malcolm Drilling Company

Soil Mixing Systems

Cutter Soil Mixing Jet Mixing Deep Soil Mixing
Soil Mixing is a ground modifcation system that blends
a cementitious grout with the in situ soil to form soil
cement elements, panels or columns. Soil Mixing
methods utilize mechanical energy, in combination with
the fuidifying action of a grout slurry, to shear the soil
and create a high quality soil cement mix.
Soil Mixing has the advantage of being virtually vibra-
tionless, applicable to a wide variety of soil conditions,
highly sustainable due to its use of in situ materials,
and fully instrumented for process control and quality
assurance.
Benefts of Soil Mixing
Malcolm Drilling
Soil Mixing Capabilities
Uses soil-cement mixed in situ, eliminating the use
of concrete or aggregate.
Economical system to construct deep foundations and retaining walls.
Applicable to a wide range of soils.
Excellent method for liquefaction mitigation, settlement control,

excavation support, and seepage control.
Can solidify contaminants in place.
Soil Mixing Applications:
Mitigation of liquefaction potential / seismic induced
settlement / lateral spreading,
Massive ground improvement for settlement control
or increase in bearing capacity,
Excavation support / construction of temporary
or permanent retaining walls,
Construction of cut-off walls for control of groundwater
and contaminants,
In situ encapsulation of pollutants / chemical
treatment of contaminants,
Structural support for area loads and point loads.
Soil Mixing Effectiveness
by Soil Condition
Cutter
Soil Mixing
Jet
Mixing
Deep Soil
Mixing
Soft silts and clays
Stiff silts and clays
Sands
Gravels
Malcolm Drilling Company utilizes three very different
Soil Mixing techniques to provide our clients with
an optimal solution to their particular problem. Our
methods are: Cutter Soil Mixing (CSM), Jet Mixing
and Deep Soil Mixing (DSM).
Selection of the appropriate technique depends on
several factors, including the type of geotechnical
constraint, the characteristics of the soil, and the
desired end result. This ability to implement the best
suited Soil Mixing method, in combination with our
proven expertise and support, ensures that you will
get the best possible solution at a competitive price.
Cutter Soil Mixing
Crcut/
Fluldlfylng ^gent
Penetrat|en
Pr|mary Pane|
5ecendary Pane| Beam P|acement
l S
l
l
S
l
l
(lf neoessary)
The CSM tool cuts vertical rectangular panels, result-
ing in fewer vertical joints when compared to multiple
shaft systems, making this system ideally suited for
constructing long soil mix structures such as retaining
walls, permeability barriers, and liquefaction mitigation
cells. This tool architecture also allows for placement
of reinforcing beams at any point along the length of
the panel, optimizing the structural design of the wall.
Case Study: 635 Elliot Avenue, Seattle, WA
Cutter Soil Mixing was selected as the method of
choice for constructing an excavation support system
to depths of 40 to 57 feet for a new offce building at
635 Elliot Avenue near downtown Seattle. A cement-
bentonite mix was employed, resulting in panels ex-
ceeding 200 psi unconfned compressive strength, with
permeabilities at or below 5 x 10
-6
cm/sec. The Cutter
Soil Mixing system successfully keyed into the under-
lying glacial till and effectively limited infltration of
contaminated groundwater, offering cost and schedule
advantages over secant piles and other composite
cut-off/earth retention systems.
Benefts of Cutter Soil Mixing
Two, vertically mounted, counter rotating heads cut and mix through

diffcult soils, including stiff plastic clays, gravels and cobbles.
Builds rectangular panels, not columns, making it ideally suited

for constructing walls.
Instrumentation inside the cutting head monitors
x, y and z coordinates of the tool in real time.
Cutting and mixing energy generated at the point of attack.
Has the ability to key into the underlying bedrock.
Cutter Soil Mixing, CSM, was developed from dia-
phragm wall technology and utilizes two sets of counter
rotating, vertically mounted, cutter wheels. The wheels
cut the surrounding soil, while at the same time blend-
ing the injected slurry with the in situ soil to form soil-
cement panels, 1.7 to 4 feet in width.
There are several unique aspects of CSM technology.
Most importantly, the CSM system allows for control of
the speed and rotational direction of the cutter wheels;
each wheel is controlled independently. Instrumenta-
tion housed directly inside the cutter head relays the
x, y and z coordinates of the mixing tool in real time to
a computer display inside the operators cab. This pro-
vides assurance of complete overlap between panels
to depths of up to 130 ft.
As a result of the hydraulic motor being housed inside
the cutter wheels themselves, energy is applied
directly at the point of attack and not at the top of the
Kelly bar. The wheels can be equipped with rock teeth
to allow cutting through diffcult soils, including cobbles
up to 8 inches in diameter or bedrock with up to 5000
psi unconfned compressive strength.
635 Elliot Avenue, Seattle, Washington
Jet Mixing
Jet Mixing is a unique soil mixing system developed by
Malcolm Drilling Company that combines mechanical
paddle mixing with high pressure hydraulic energy to
shear and blend the soil in situ, creating a soil cement
mix of the highest quality. Our high energy jet mixing
system has allowed us to extend soil mixing to stiff,
highly plastic clays and weathered rock, soils not nor-
mally treated by soil mixing methods.
Jet mixing is fast and the system of choice to construct
cylindrical soil cement elements, 30 to 42 inches in
diameter, to depths of up to 65 feet. It is ideally suited
to construct soil cement piers for settlement control
and increase of bearing capacity. It is highly effcient
for constructing tangent and secant pile walls, which
can be reinforced with wide fange beams (soldier piles)
and tiebacks, as required. Because it produces a soil
cement material of the utmost quality, Jet Mixing can
routinely provide permeabilities of 1 x 10
-6
cm/sec or
less for cutoff walls and groundwater barriers.
Case Study: 1 Hawthorne St, San Francisco, CA
1 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco is the site of a new
high rise condominium project. The construction plans
called for a 40 ft deep excavation through sand and
sandy clay with a water table at approximately 30 ft
below grade. Adjacent to the excavation was a circa
1910 unreinforced masonry building and a multi-story
reinforced concrete high rise. To save dewatering costs
and construction time, a composite cutoff/earth reten-
tion system was determined to be the most economical
solution. Malcolm Drilling constructed a design-build
shoring system utilizing jet mixed columns along the
two open sides of the project. There were 110 jet
mixed elements with a design unconfned compres-
sive strength of 200 psi and permeability of less than
1 x 10
-6
cm/sec. 48 ft long wide fange beams were
inserted in selected jet mix columns. Post tensioned
tiebacks were utilized to support the lateral loads. The
two adjacent buildings were supported on battered jet
grout piles.
Benefts of Jet Mixing
Combination of mechanical and hydraulic energy enables effcient
installation, even in stiff, highly plastic clays.
High energy system results in uniform, high strength soil cement blend.
Economical system to construct walls, permeability barriers, and
soil cement columns.
Has the ability to key into the underlying bedrock.
1 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, California
Deep Soil Mixing
Malcolm Drillings Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) system
utilizes mechanical mixing tools to shear the soil in
situ and mix it with a cementitious slurry pumped at
low pressure. This method has the ability to create
large soil mix columns, typically 5 to 8 feet in diameter,
to depths of up to 80 feet.
Deep Soil Mixing is a very economical system for
mass ground improvement projects. It is ideally suited
to provide settlement control and increased bearing
capacity in soft soils. Its ability to create large diame-
ter soil mix columns also make it well suited to miti-
gate the effects of liquefaction induced settlements
and lateral spreading. DSM is also the soil mixing
method of choice for in situ remediation and encapsu-
lation of contaminated soils and for the construction of
Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) walls.
Case Study: Market St Bridge, Santa Cruz, CA
Market Street Bridge in Santa Cruz, California required
liquefaction and lateral spreading mitigation under both
bridge abutments. The system design required 80 soil
mixed columns, three to six feet in diameter and up to
60 feet in depth, with H 10 x 42 steel beams inserted
in the center of each column to impart lateral ductility.
The construction was performed within the confnes of
a residential neighborhood. The soils at the site were
primarily silty sands and silty clays with gravel lenses.
Soil mix columns were required to attain a minimum 400
psi unconfned compressive strength. The fexible tooling
allowed by this system was ideally suited to create large
and variable diameter columns, and the low pressure
grout injection was compatible with the site environmen-
tal constraints.
Benefts of Deep Soil Mixing
Ability to construct large diameter columns.
Very effcient and cost effective method to mix large volumes of soil.
Effective method for settlement control, liquefaction mitigation,
and remediation of contaminated soils.
Market Street Bridge,
Santa Cruz, California
Date Start End Duration Size[l] K1/quantity K2/quantity K3/quantity K4/quantity K5/quantity K6/quantity Density [kg/l]
04/10/12 8:58:34 9:03:15 0:04:41 1000.00 829.52 604.64 46.40 0.00 1.419
04/10/12 9:03:15 9:08:00 0:04:45 1000.00 830.66 598.29 42.98 0.00 1.415
04/10/12 9:08:01 9:12:50 0:04:49 1000.00 830.66 599.76 43.96 0.00 1.416
04/10/12 9:12:50 9:17:36 0:04:46 1000.00 830.28 613.92 45.42 0.00 1.424
04/10/12 9:17:37 9:22:25 0:04:48 1000.00 829.14 586.08 52.75 0.00 1.412
04/10/12 9:22:26 9:27:17 0:04:51 1000.00 829.52 609.52 34.19 0.00 1.418
04/10/12 9:27:17 9:32:12 0:04:55 1000.00 831.43 608.55 51.77 0.00 1.422
04/10/12 9:32:12 9:37:10 0:04:58 1000.00 828.76 596.83 50.79 0.00 1.417
04/10/12 9:37:10 9:42:42 0:05:32 1000.00 828.76 592.43 43.96 0.00 1.412
04/10/12 9:42:43 9:48:13 0:05:30 1000.00 830.66 601.71 36.14 0.00 1.414
04/10/12 9:48:14 9:54:28 0:06:14 1000.00 829.14 599.76 40.05 0.00 1.415
04/10/12 9:54:28 9:58:39 0:04:11 1000.00 829.14 608.06 63.49 0.00 1.427
04/10/12 9:58:39 10:05:17 0:06:38 1000.00 831.04 611.48 37.12 0.00 1.419
04/10/12 10:05:17 10:09:17 0:04:00 1000.00 832.19 596.34 41.51 0.00 1.412
04/10/12 10:09:18 10:12:43 0:03:25 1000.00 828.76 602.20 44.44 0.00 1.418
04/10/12 10:12:44 10:16:08 0:03:24 1000.00 831.81 602.69 53.72 0.00 1.420
04/10/12 10:16:08 10:19:31 0:03:23 1000.00 829.90 599.76 36.63 0.00 1.414
04/10/12 10:19:32 10:22:55 0:03:23 1000.00 828.76 590.48 49.33 0.00 1.413
04/10/12 10:22:56 10:26:20 0:03:24 1000.00 829.52 604.64 40.54 0.00 1.418
04/10/12 10:26:21 10:30:12 0:03:51 1000.00 829.52 606.59 45.42 0.00 1.420
04/10/12 10:30:12 10:34:16 0:04:04 1000.00 829.90 593.90 49.82 0.00 1.415
04/10/12 10:34:16 10:38:36 0:04:20 1000.00 831.04 608.06 31.75 0.00 1.416
04/10/12 10:38:36 10:42:48 0:04:12 1000.00 828.76 601.22 57.14 0.00 1.421
04/10/12 10:42:48 10:47:12 0:04:24 1000.00 832.57 590.48 43.47 0.00 1.410
04/10/12 10:47:12 10:51:31 0:04:19 1000.00 828.76 617.34 46.89 0.00 1.427
04/10/12 10:51:31 10:55:53 0:04:22 1000.00 828.37 600.73 38.58 0.00 1.415
04/10/12 10:55:54 11:00:30 0:04:36 1000.00 830.66 604.64 55.68 0.00 1.422
04/10/12 11:00:31 11:07:24 0:06:53 1000.00 831.04 590.97 38.58 0.00 1.409
Quality Control
Every Malcolm soil mixing system is fully instrumented, monitoring
grout fow rates, injection volumes, injection pressures, and penetration
rate. This information is portrayed on a computer screen mounted inside
the operators cab.
All of Malcolm Drillings soil mixing systems utilize
batch weight mixing grout plants with fully automated
controls. The batch plants record all grout batch
component weights, duration of mix, specifc gravity
of the batch, and date and time of the batch. The ad-
vantage of this type of grout plant is the ability to add
both solid and liquid admixtures to the grout batches.
As many as 3 different solids and 4 different liquids
can be used in a grout mix, giving us the fexibility to
design grout mixes for the specifc ground conditions
and engineering application.

After constructing one or more test columns and
conducting wet sampling in fresh columns and coring
in cured columns, the critical mixing parameters of pen-
etration rate, mixing speed, grout batch components,
and pumping rates are adjusted and established for the
project. Once these critical parameters are validated,
Malcolm Drilling utilizes the same QA/QC control hard-
ware and software for all three soil mixing systems.
This system monitors grout volume, grout pressure,
tool verticality, RPM, torque, crowd forces, and machine
parameters such as hydraulic energy employed. The
information is presented graphically to the operator in
real time for operational control and is recorded for Q/A
analysis. The stored data can be downloaded as a func-
tion of depth or time and is separated by down stroke
and up stroke. Included in the hard copy report are ele-
ment identifcation number, date, start and fnish time,
and operator/rig identifcation.
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
0.00
grout FEED DoWn [1/o.2M]
grout FEED up [1/o.2M]
0 4
6
9
1
1
3
7
1
8
2
2
2
8
2
7
4
3
1
9
3
6
5
-3.9 0.0 3.9
15.52
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
0.00
0 4
9
9
8
1
4
7
1
9
6
2
4
5
2
9
4
3
4
3
3
9
2
15.52
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
0.00
0 1
1
2
2
3
2
4
3
5
4
6
6
7
6
8
6
15.52
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
0.00
15.52
-2.9 0.0 2.9
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
0.00
15.52
DEviAtion v [CM] DEviAtion X [CM] DEptH progrESS [MM]
grout [1/0.2M]
SitE 635 Elliott
MiXturE 1299A
ForEMEn Wayne Broughton
CoMponEntS 4
W/C - FACtor 1.38
proDuCtion log, CSM
JoBSitE 635 Elliot
CliEnt Malcolm Drilling
proJECt nuMBEr 27-443
Drilling rig RG-23
i-no 75
CSM rECipE Additives
CEMEnt 600kg
BEntonitE 45kg
grout DEnSity 1.41-1.42
WZ 1.38
StArt 7:05:25 AM
EnD 8:31:51 AM
totAl tiME 01:26:26
noM grout ConSuM 15.5 cbm
ACt grout ConSuM 19.442 cbm

Cut E 117
DAtE April 10, 2008
WAll tHiCKnESS/DiA 0.8 m
WiDtH oF Cut 2.4 m
DrillED DEptH 15.52 m
noM. inClinAtion 0
nuMBEr oF tESt CuBES 0
EnD DEviAtion X -1.90 cm
EnD DEviAtion y -0.30 cm

MX1-1.1 CEMEnt MiX DAtA rEport
Title Req. quantity Unit Density factor
K1 water 830.00 Liter 1.000
K2 cement 600.00 Kg 3.150
K3 bent 45.00 Kg 2.150
K4 mixing-time 15.00 Second
Typical production log and grout mix report.
Corporate offce
92 Natoma St. Ste. #400
San Francisco, CA 94105
Tel: (415) 901-4400
ground improvement Division
3524 Breakwater Ave.
Suite A-108
Hayward, California 94545
Tel: (510) 780-1167
San Francisco
3503 Breakwater Court
Hayward, CA 94545
Tel: (510) 780-9181
los Angeles
4926 N. Azusa Canyon Road
Irwindale, CA 91706
Tel: (626) 338-0035
Seattle
8701 S. 192nd Street
Kent, WA 98031
Tel: (253) 395-3300
San Diego
16885 W. Bernardo Dr
Suite 100
San Diego, CA 92127
Tel: (858) 753-0707
las vegas
2365B Renaissance Dr.
Las Vegas, NV 89119
Tel: (702) 650-2922
www.malcolmdrilling.com
Copyright Malcolm Drilling, Inc.
Malcolm Drilling Company
only Malcolm Drilling can provide you with a wide
array of soil mixing techniques to suit your site.
We can combine soil mixing with a variety of deep
foundation and geotechnical construction methods to
handle even the most challenging ground conditions.
Our customer base is effciently serviced through our
network of regional offces, allowing Malcolm Drilling to
deliver the highest quality product consistent with our
position as an industry leader in soil mixing technology.