COMPUTERS AND STRUCTURES, INC.

, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DECEMBER 2001

COMPOSITE BEAM DESIGN AISC-ASD89

Technical Note

Overwrites
This Technical Note provides instructions on how to use the Composite Beam Overwrites form and describes the items available on each of the tabs in the form. One section is devoted to each of the tabs.

General
The composite beam design overwrites are basic assignments that apply only to those composite beams to which they are assigned. After selecting one or more composite beams, use the Design menu > Composite Beam Design > View\Revise Overwrites command to access the Composite Beam Overwrites form where you can view and revise the composite beam design overwrites. Note: There are default values provided for all overwrite items. Thus, if you are happy with the defaults, you do not need to specify any of the composite beam overwrites. The Composite Beam Overwrites form has eight separate tabs. They are Beam, Bracing (C), Bracing, Deck, Shear Studs, Deflection, Vibration and Miscellaneous. Descriptions of the various overwrite options available on each tab are provided later in this Technical Note. Default values are provided for all composite beam overwrite items. Thus, it is not required that you specify or change any of the overwrites. However, at least review the default values for the overwrite items to make sure they are acceptable. When changes are made to overwrite items, the program applies the changes only to the elements to which they are specifically assigned; that is, to the elements that are selected when the overwrites are changed.

General

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Overwrites

Using the Composite Beam Overwrites Form

After selecting one or more composite beams, use the Design menu > Composite Beam Design > View\Revise Overwrites command to access the Composite Beam Overwrites form. Click on the desired tab. The Composite Beam Overwrites are displayed on each tab with a column of check boxes and a two-column spreadsheet. The left column in the spreadsheet contains the name of the overwrite item. The right column in the spreadsheet contains the overwrite value. Initially, the check boxes are all unchecked and all of the cells in the spreadsheet have a gray background to indicate they are inactive and that the items in the cells currently cannot be changed. The names of the overwrite items in the first column of the spreadsheet are visible. The values of the overwrite items in the second column of the spreadsheet are visible if only one beam was selected before the Composite Beam Overwrites form was accessed. If multiple beams were selected, no values show for the overwrite items in the second column of the spreadsheet. After selecting one or multiple beams, check the box to the left of an overwrite item to change it. Then left click in either column of the spread sheet to activate a drop-down box or to highlight the contents of the cell in the right column of the spreadsheet. If the drop-down box appears, select a value from the box. If the cell contents becomes highlighted, type in the desired value. The overwrite will reflect the change. You cannot change the values in the drop-down boxes. When you check a check box or left click in one of the columns in the spreadsheet, a short description of the item in that row displays in the large text box just below the list of items. This description helps you recall the purpose of the overwrite item without referring to the manual. When changes to the composite beam overwrites have been made, click the OK button to close the form. The program then changes all of the overwrite items whose associated check boxes are checked for the selected beam(s). You must click the OK button for the changes to be accepted by the program. If you click the Cancel button to exit the form, any changes made to the overwrites will be ignored and the form will be closed.

Using the Composite Beam Overwrites Form

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Resetting Composite Beam Overwrites to Default Values

To set all of the composite beam overwrite items on a particular tab to their default values, click on the tab and then click the Reset Tab button. This button resets the overwrite values on the tab currently selected. To set all of the composite beam overwrite items on all tabs to their default values, click the Reset All button. This button immediately resets all of the composite beam overwrite items. Alternatively, you can click the Design menu > Composite Beam Design > Reset All Composite Beam Overwrites command to accomplish the same thing. Important note about resetting overwrites: The defaults for the overwrite items are built into the program. The composite beam overwrite values that were in a .edb file that you used to initialize your model may be different from the built-in program default values. When you reset overwrites, the program resets the overwrite values to its built-in values, not to the values that were in the .edb file used to initialize the model.

Overwrites
For purposes of explanation in this Technical Note, the overwrite items are presented in tables. The column headings in these tables are described as follows.
!

Item: The name of the overwrite item as it appears in the cells at the left side of the Composite Beam Overwrites form. Possible Values: The possible values for the associated overwrite item. Default Value: The built-in default value that the program assumes for the associated overwrite item. Description: A description of the associated overwrite item.

! !

Overwrites

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Beam Tab
Table 1 lists the composite beam overwrite items available on the Beam tab in the Composite Beam Overwrites form.

Table 1: Composite Beam Overwrites on the Beam Tab

Possible Values
Yes/No Composite, NC w studs, or NC w/o studs Program calculated or user-defined 0 Program calculated or user-defined 0

Item
Shored?

Default Value
No (unshored)

Description
Toggle for shored or unshored construction. Type of beam design. NC w studs is short for Noncomposite with minimum shear studs. NC w/o studs is short for Noncomposite without shear studs. Toggle specifying how the effective width of the concrete slab on the left side of the beam is determined User-defined effective width of concrete slab on left side of beam, beff left. Toggle specifying how the effective width of the concrete slab on the right side of the beam is determined User-defined effective width of concrete slab on right side of beam, beff right Yield stress of the beam, Fy. Specifying 0 in the overwrites means that Fy is as specified in the material properties Minimum tensile strength of the beam, Fu. Specifying 0 means that Fu is as specified in the material properties

Beam type

Composite

b-eff left Condition

Program calculated Program calculated value Program calculated Program calculated value Specified in Material Properties Specified in Material Properties

b-eff left

b-eff right Condition

b-eff right

Beam Fy

Beam Fu

Beam Tab

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Table 1: Composite Beam Overwrites on the Beam Tab

Possible Values
Yes/No 0 0

Item
Cover Plate Present? Plate width Plate thickness

Default Value
No 0 0

Description
Toggle switch indicating if a full length cover plate exists on the bottom of the beam bottom flange. Width of cover plate, bcp. Thickness of cover plate, tcp. Cover plate yield stress, Fycp. Specifying 0 means that Fycp is set to that specified in the beam material properties

Plate Fy

>0

The Shored item affects both the deflection calculations and the flexural stress calculations for the beam. See Technical Note Beam Deflection and Camber Composite Beam Design for a description of beam deflection. If the beam is shored, no checks are performed for the construction loading design load combination. Note: The Middle Range item is specified on the Beam tab in the composite beam preferences and is described in "Location Where Effective Slab Width is Checked" of Technical Note Effective Width of the Concrete Slab Composite Beam Design. Typically, when a beam is designed using the Composite Beam Design postprocessor that beam is designed as a composite beam if it has a deck section (not slab section) assigned along the full length of the specified Middle Range on at least one side of the beam. The Beam Type overwrite allows you to specify that a beam that would ordinarily be designed as a composite beam be designed as a noncomposite beam. The overwrite does not and cannot force a beam that has been designed as a noncomposite beam because there is no deck section along at least one side to be designed as a composite beam. When using the Composite Beam Design postprocessor, a beam that does not have a deck section along at least one side is always designed as a

Beam Tab

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noncomposite beam, regardless of what is specified in the Beam Type overwrite. When a beam is designed as noncomposite with minimum shear studs, the beam is designed as a noncomposite beam. Then shear studs are specified for the beam with as large a spacing as possible, without exceeding the specified maximum longitudinal spacing. The maximum longitudinal spacing can be overwritten on the Shear Studs tab. See Technical Note Effective Width of the Concrete Slab Composite Beam Design for a description of the beam effective width. The beam yield stress and the cover plate yield stress both default to the yield stress specified for the material property associated with the beam section. When the Define menu > Frame Sections command is used to define a beam section, the material property associated with the beam section should also be defined. The material property is defined using the Define menu > Material Properties command. In this program, the cover plate can have a yield stress that is different from that of the beam, if desired. The cover plate width, thickness and Fy items are not active unless the "Cover Plate Present" item is set to Yes. See "Cover Plates" in Technical Note Composite Beam Properties Composite Beam Design for a description of cover plates.

Beam Tab

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Overwrites

Bracing (C) Tab and Bracing Tab

The unbraced length overwrite items included on the Bracing (C) tab and the Bracing tab are exactly the same. The items on the Bracing (C) tab apply to construction loading design load combinations. The items on the Bracing tab apply to final condition design load combinations. The first two items that appear in the Bracing (C) tab and the Bracing tab are shown in Table 2a. Additional items may also appear in the tabs, depending on your choice for the Bracing Condition item. These additional items are shown in Tables 2b and 2c.

Table 2a: First Two Composite Beam Overwrite Items on the Bracing (C) Tab and the Bracing Tab
Possible Values Default Value Program calculated

Item

Description Unitless factor used in determining allowable bending stress, Cb. Specifying 0 in the overwrites means that this value is program calculated This item defines how the unbraced lengths are determined for buckling about the beam local 2-axis. They are program calculated, based on userspecified uniform and point bracing, or based on a user-specified maximum unbraced length.

Cb factor

Bracing Condition

Program calculated, bracing specified or length specified

Program calculated

When the Cb factor is program calculated, the program uses Equation 1 to calculate it unless you have specified the Bracing Condition as Length Specified.

M1 M1 C b = 1.75 + 1.05 M + 0.3 M 2.3 2 2

where,

Eqn. 1

Bracing (C) Tab and Bracing Tab

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M1 and M2 are the end moments of any unbraced span of the beam. M1 is numerically less than M2. The ratio M1/M2 is positive for double curvature bending and negative for single curvature bending within the unbraced beam span. If any moment within the unbraced beam span is greater than M2, the numeric value of Cb is 1.0. The numeric value of Cb is 1.0 for cantilever overhangs.

When the Cb factor is program calculated and the Bracing Condition is set in the overwrites to Length Specified, the programs uses 1.0 for Cb. When the Bracing Condition is specified as Program Calculated, the program assumes the beam is braced as described in "Determination of the Braced Points of a Beam" in Technical Note Beam Unbraced Length and Design Check Locations Composite Beam Design. Note that the program automatically considers the bracing for construction loading and for the final condition separately. For the construction loading condition, the program assumes that the concrete fill does not assist in bracing the beam. When the Bracing Condition is specified as Bracing Specified, two items appear in the tab in addition to those shown in Table 2a. The two additional items are shown in Table 2b.

Table 2b: Additional Composite Beam Overwrite Items On the Bracing (C) Tab and the Bracing Tab When the Bracing Condition Is Specified As Bracing Specified
Possible Values Default Value

Item

Description The number of user-specified point brace locations. Clicking in this box opens the Point Braces form where you specify the point braces. The number of user-specified uniform braces. Clicking in this box opens the Uniform Braces form where you specify the uniform braces.

No. Point Braces

No. Uniform Braces

Bracing (C) Tab and Bracing Tab

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The No. Point Braces and No. Uniform Braces items allow you to specify actual bracing for the beam. These items are described in "User-Specified Uniform and Point Bracing" in Technical Note Beam Unbraced Length and Design Check Locations Composite Beam Design. When the Bracing Condition is specified as Length Specified, two items appear in the tab in addition to those shown in Table 2a. The two additional items are shown in Table 2c.

Table 2c: Additional Composite Beam Overwrite Items On the Bracing (C) Tab and the Bracing Tab When the Bracing Condition Is Specified As Length Specified
Item Absolute Length? Unbraced L22 Possible Values Yes/No 0 and beam length Default Value No Length of beam Description Toggle switch for whether the maximum unbraced length is given as an absolute length or a relative length. Maximum unbraced length for buckling about the beam local 2 axis.

When the maximum unbraced length is specified as an absolute length, the actual maximum unbraced length is specified. When the maximum unbraced length is specified as a relative length, the value specified is equal to the maximum unbraced length divided by the length of the beam. The relative length specified is always between 0 and 1, inclusive. See Technical Note Beam Unbraced Length and Design Check Locations Composite Beam Design for additional information about the unbraced length of the beam.

Bracing (C) Tab and Bracing Tab

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Deck Tab
Table 3 lists the composite beam overwrite items available on the Deck tab in the Composite Beam Overwrites form.

Table 3: Composite Beam Overwrites On the Deck Tab

Possible Values Default Value

Item

Description Deck ID assigned to left side of beam.

Program calculated, any Deck ID Left defined deck property, or None Program Deck direction calculated, Left parallel, or perpendicular Program calculated, any Deck ID Right defined deck property, or None Program Deck direction calculated, Right parallel, or perpendicular

Program calculated

Program calculated

Span direction of the metal deck ribs on left side of beam relative to the span direction of the beam. Deck ID assigned to right side of beam.

Program calculated

Program calculated

Span direction of the metal deck ribs on the right side of beam relative to the span direction of beam

When the Deck ID is program calculated, you must refer to the output data to see what the program assumed for this item. It is not shown in the overwrites. If the deck direction is program calculated, do not overlook the important note about deck orientation in "Multiple Deck Types or Directions Along the Beam Length" in Technical Note Effective Width of the Concrete Slab Composite Beam Design.

Deck Tab

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Overwrites

Shear Studs Tab

Table 4 lists the composite beam overwrite items available on the Shear Studs tab in the Composite Beam Overwrites form.

Table 4: Composite Beam Overwrites On the Shear Studs Tab

Item User Pattern? Possible Values Yes/No Default Value No 0, indicating there are no uniformly spaced connectors 0, indicating there are no additional connectors specified Description Toggle to indicate if a user-defined shear connector pattern is defined. Uniform spacing of shear studs along the beam. There is one shear stud per row along the beam. Number of sections in which additional uniformly spaced shear studs are specified. Clicking in this box opens the Additional Sections form where you specify the section length and the number of uniformly spaced connectors in the section.

Uniform Spacing

No. Additional Sections

Min Long Spacing Max Long Spacing Min Tran Spacing Max Studs per Row q

>0 >0 >0 >0 Program calculated or >0

6ds Minimum longitudinal spacing of shear (i.e., six stud studs along the length of the beam. diameters) Maximum longitudinal spacing of shear 36 inches studs along the length of the beam. 4ds Minimum transverse spacing of shear (i.e., four stud studs across the beam flange. diameters) Maximum number of shear studs in a 3 single row across the beam flange. Allowable shear load for a single shear Program stud. Specifying 0 in the overwrites calculated means that this value is program calculated.

The Uniform Spacing and No. Additional Sections items are only available if the User Pattern item is set to Yes. See Technical Note Beam Shear Checks Composite Beam Design AISC-ASD89 for discussion of user-defined shear stud patterns.

Shear Studs Tab

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The program default value for the minimum longitudinal spacing of shear studs along the length of the beam is six shear stud diameters. Note that this item is input as an absolute length, not as a multiplier on the stud diameter. The program default value for the maximum longitudinal spacing of shear studs along the length of the beam is 36 inches. The design code used may specify the maximum longitudinal spacing is eight times the total slab thickness (rib height, hr, plus concrete slab above metal deck, tc). AISC-ASD89 Specification Section I5.2.2 specifies that the maximum longitudinal spacing of shear studs along the length of a beam shall not exceed 36 inches for beams when the span of the metal deck is perpendicular to the span of the beam. If your total slab thickness is less than 36"/8 = 4.5", the program default value may be unconservative and should be revised. The program default value for the minimum transverse spacing of shear studs across the beam flange is four shear stud diameters. This is consistent with the last paragraph of AISC-ASD89 Specification Section I4. Note that this item is input as an absolute length, not as a multiplier on the stud diameter. See Technical Note Distribution of Shear Studs on a Composite Beam Composite Beam Design for additional discussion of how shear studs are distributed on composite beams. The "Max Studs per Row" item indicates the maximum number of shear studs that is allowed in a row across the beam flange. For wider beams, the Min Tran Spacing item might indicate that more studs could be accommodated across the beam flange but the Max Studs per Row item will limit the number of studs in any row. See Technical Note Distribution of Shear Studs on a Composite Beam Composite Beam Design for additional discussion of how shear studs are distributed on beams. See "Shear Stud Connector" in Technical Note Shear Studs Composite Beam Design AISC-ASD89 for discussion of how the program calculates the allowable shear load for a single shear stud. Note that when a q value is specified in the overwrites, the program assumes that the specified value of q has already been modified by any applicable reduction factors for the metal deck. Finally, note that specifying 0 (zero) in the overwrites for this item means that the allowable shear stud load is calculated by the program, not that it is zero.

Shear Studs Tab

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Shear studs are discussed in detail in Technical Notes Distribution of Shear Studs on a Composite Beam Composite Beam Design, Number of Shear Studs that Fit in a Composite Beam Segment Composite Beam Design, and UserDefined Shear Stud Patterns Composite Beam Design.

Deflection Tab
Table 5 lists the composite beam overwrite items available on the Deflection tab in the Composite Beam Overwrites form.

Table 5: Composite Beam Overwrites On the Deflection Tab

Possible Values Default Value

Item Deflection Absolute? Live Load Limit Total Load Limit Calculate Camber? Fixed Camber

Description Toggle to consider live load and total load deflection limitations as absolute or as divisor of beam length (relative). Deflection limitation for live load. For relative deflection, inputting 360 means that the limit is L/360. Deflection limitation for total load. For relative deflection, inputting 240 means that the limit is L/240. Toggle for the program to calculate beam camber. User-specified camber when the program does not calculate beam camber

Yes/No

No Specified in Preferences Specified in Preferences Yes 0

>0

>0 Yes/No 0

See Technical Note Beam Deflection and Camber Composite Beam Design for discussion of beam deflection and camber.

Deflection Tab

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EQ Factor
The EQ (earthquake) factor is a multiplier that is typically applied to the earthquake load in a design load combination. Following are the five types of loads that can be included in a design load combination, along with an explanation of how the EQ factor is applied to each of the load types.
!

Static Load: The EQ factor is applied to any static loads designated as a Quake-type load. The EQ factor is not applied to any other type of static load. Response Spectrum Case: The EQ factor is applied to all response spectrum cases. Time History Case: The EQ factor is applied to all time history cases. Static Nonlinear Case: The EQ factor is not applied to any static nonlinear cases. Load Combination: The EQ factor is not applied to any load combination that is included in a design load combination. For example, assume you have two static load cases labeled DL and EQ. DL is a dead load and EQ is a quake load. Now assume that you create a design load combination named DESCOMB1 that includes DL and EQ. For design load combination DESCOMB1, the EQ load is multiplied by the EQ factor. Next assume that you create a load combination called COMB2 that includes EQ. Now assume that you create a design load combination called DESCOMB3 that included DL and COMB2. For design load combination DESCOMB3, the EQ load that is part of COMB2 is not multiplied by the EQ factor.

! !

The EQ factor allows you to design different members for different levels of earthquake loads in the same run. It also allows you to specify memberspecific reliability/redundancy factors that are required by some codes. The factor specified in Section 1630.1.1 of the 1997 UBC is an example of this.

EQ Factor

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