Lecture 40 Lateral Force Resisting Systems Diaphragms

In the previous two lectures, we discussed methods of stabilizing building structures vertically (i.e., diagonal bracing and shear walls). However, forces must be distributed to these vertical stabilizing elements by means of some sort of HORIZONTAL structural element. The horizontal structural element is like a giant beam (or plate or DIAPHRAGM) spanning between vertical stabilizing elements. Consider a shear wall building as shown below. The walls perpendicular to the shear wall must be supported at the top so they dont fall over.

Deflected wall

Deflected roof plane

Lateral load

Shear wall

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To stabilize the roof plane as well as create a structural support member for the top of the wall, a horizontal DIAPHRAGM plate will be added at the roof level: Horizontal diaphragm

Diaphragm span = L Diaphragm width = W

The diaphragm acts as if were a beam spanning between vertical lateral supports. Imagine looking at a diaphragm in plan view: Lateral load

Support R1

Support R2

Diaphragm span = L

Actual diaphragm boundary shear =

Support _ Re action Diaphragm _ Width"W "

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Diaphragm width = W

Wood Diaphragms: For sloped or flat diaphragms used to resist lateral load, IBC Table 2306.3.1 is used for allowable diaphragm shears. The maximum diaphragm aspect ratios are shown in IBC Table 2305.2.3.

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Metal Deck Diaphragms: For commercial buildings and other structures using metal decking as a diaphragm, the decking sheets (usually 36 wide) are fastened to the supporting structural members and fastened to each other at the sidelap.

A typical metal deck panel is 36 wide. The fastening of the panel to the supporting structural members is referred to as the Fastener Layout, and is shown below:

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The following is a table of allowable diaphragm shear loads for 1 22gage metal decking:

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Example GIVEN: The building as shown below (from example in Lecture 38). REQUIRED: 1) Design the roof diaphragm using wood structural I grade panel Blocked diaphragm. The roof supporting members are wood trusses using nominal 2x6 top chord members. 2) Design the roof diaphragm using 1 22-gage metal roof panel using 36/7 fastener layout using #12 TEK screws and #10 TEK screws for sidelap fasteners. The deck is supported by steel bar joists spaced 4-0 o.c.

North

Leeward wall pressure = 21 PSF

Windward wall pressure = 29 PSF

13-0

20-0 70-0

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Step 1 Determine Effective Roof Diaphragm:

Effective roof diaphragm

13-0

20-0 70-0

Step 2 Determine Actual diaphragm boundary shear: Assume the diaphragm is a beam loaded as shown below: Lateral load = (13(29 PSF + 21 PSF)) = 325 PLF Diaphragm width = 20-0

Support R1 =(325)(70) =11375 lbs. Diaphragm span = 70-0

Support R2 = 11375 lbs.

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Actual diaphragm boundary shear =

Support _ Re action Diaphragm _ Width"W "

11375Lbs. 20'0"

= 569 PLF Step 3 Determine wood blocked diaphragm length-width ratio: The actual length-width ratio =

70'0" 20'0"

= 3.5 From IBC Table 2305.2.3, the maximum length-width ratio = 4:1 which is greater than 3.5 it is acceptable. Step 4 Design wood blocked diaphragm: From IBC Table 2306.3.1 choose: Panel Grade = Structural I Common nail size = 10d Min. fastener penetration = 1 Min. nom. panel thickness = 15/32 Min. nom. width of framing member = 2 Blocked diaphragm fastener spacing = 2 Allow. Shear = 640 PLF > 569 PLF

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Step 5 Design 1 22-gage metal roof panel using 36/7 fastener layout using #12 TEK screws and #10 TEK screws for sidelap fasteners: From Table above, choose: 36/7 - #12 TEK fastener layout Deck Span = 4-0 8 sidelap #10 TEK fasteners per span Allow. Shear = 572 PLF > 569 PLF

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