Você está na página 1de 9

{zsg

^ %u^f
/Zt

rE
-G
+'
h
L :weZ[Z W
$ Z L L)x
: weZ [ Z W L Ly*q
-Z szZ Zg~
)
Z SY 2008c X GG
}pP:~
/c L L6,y*kZX Z
yZ b) ZP<sZgzZy ZZ
X Z
~}g Y 2009~g{r
# y{tzg Z e[ yZ { ^
,Y~W
}LZ r
# Z eX WgzZ}k
,
~ VrZVgr
# Ze~
Zg **
~YV @*
kC~gz **
7s
# zh
+'
yZ~ c6,]&X~
# Ze~X, Z X i Z xV.pgzZwV~ X gZz~yZ ._
r
@*
Y c*
0*
7s %Z m{ ~yZgzZ}0gZyZ:gz 79 Zh
+

X s %ZZgyZ=~T (Z X k
B ~ Zi W X %Zq
-Z
~g Z)f #aVZzg yZgzZw V~ :izZ
: H7~p ZyZZg ~0V~ r
# Z e
~: ]i YZ {!*
#
7Zp,Zzg ~o}uz {z
/o
/Z L L
G @*
l{ +
$Y kZt c*
Y 7ZDz!*
#
Z
# t ci7 ;
( 1) X ^
,YZzg Vz
/, ZOX CYx ]i YZ
0 V}g L ,
L Z 7~}g !*
Vz
/ L L]!*
t ~y*LZ ~
p Z
(gzZY L L~s
# z b Z gzZ Vn
pg L
L
ak
B 0VCc*
M F,

{!*
ci7 t q
- 4,
}: ( 2 )X )g f
t ] !*
~r
# ZeX V n
pg
A &yvJgzZ CY~
M F,
m{
t :ZZ]!*
tL
L DW6,
kZQgzZ
^
,YZzg Vz
/, ZOL
L
+
$Y V-LZ o q
-Z L
L ~gzt zg y Z Z Y 79
(mushtaqahmad@iiu.edu.pk)

!*
WxsZ;gE-sZ Z Zy Wz6,
kZ /

2009ag ( 22) m] )x

{zsg
( 3) X }g ZkZ c*
~g Z)f {!*
Zzg ZzY~o}uz

}X H7
/
~ 9t :ZZ]!*
C
kZ~ nt]!*
~ekZ
kZ~y*kZzzkZ ?7~gzZ C]i YZ k
B ~Vg 7tqy*
~ ?7s gzZ M
h Zzg mys V 7c 6,] !*
jus in W O t
# I jus ad bellum ~ kZ c*
Zz ~ ZZ y*
-t
# I bello
Hf kZU~y*kZ~z!*
kZ ( 4)X gzJ
){z M
h76,kZs V)y/g 7A

xsZ M
h s V)yZs{z
,
k
i : ( 5 ) X ,[ g Z /g s V c*
7Z Zzg s Xgs V4Z Zzg t y tzG Zg~Zc
yZ 7]i YZ ; z Zzg ms XnVyZ ;g !*
X ]i YZ ; z
Zzg yZ]g: c*
q]i YZ#
yZ { ZpgzZ c*
, Z
ZP{ ZpZzg s
]i YZ Zzg Vc*
Z
Z {z 7]i YZ Zzg p#
~ ]g+ZY ^
,Y**
q\ W M
h!]Zg (Z z\ W0wZt6,
g z? $
Y~
XM
h7!\ W{z 7q\ Wg (ZX
#
Zzg mC
]zZ t {z c*
Wc k
,
iXt ~ t ( T~ y*}
g (Z Zzg m }g Z
^
,Y**
6, kZZvakZ C ^O
kZ#
{ Zp C+Z~VZzg nkZq k0*
#
s
kZ #
t wZ 0 kZ ; z p ^Zzg {zC
gzZ ~: ]i YZ
Z :X C7e%46,
ugzZG@*
l{ #
Zzg nkZYg Z)faZzg
x Z[ Z wZkZ ? YYc*
ZIg Z)f#
aZzg Vc*
Z
Z~Vg twZ
8E
w1 ZzJ6, oq
-Z c*
}
q
-Z Zzg { Zp ~ ]i YZ #

/Z t gu
yvJ ~ X H Z
ZP
/Z @*
X g Z)f #
~ VgzC
}
: }I7g Z)f #
a Zzg yZ ~: ]i YZ #
yZgzZ:
A&
% %gzZ D #
T H ;o
/Z%ZX xi yZ6,#

{ZpgzZ~:]i YZ {!*
#
7Z#
{ Zp~]gkZ : e**
YaZzg ~
LZ s
# zh
+'
]!*
kZ ~X g Z)fayZ #
wq C: own 7Z
:~p ZyZ~y*
Z
] 1nC
7Z Vt s: #
Z
# LL
6,W:ZzQgzZ b ~ Zzg g 0*
uuyZ bZ
ZJ
-yZR,
yZX X X C
2009ag ( 23) m] )x

{zsg

Q @*
0*
~ ZgzZG @*
#
%C
C
~ y ZZ
# X X X {)z **
Z
{{Cp
%Zzg ~ kZX CY ( Formality) Zzg ~q
-Z]i YZ
( 6) X Vg]i YZ#
V Zzg VyZci7
zg y ZZ nt ] !*
~uz 0}r
# tzg Z e
~g Z)f {!*
Zzg kZ
 c*
g {zc*
W 7twZaZIg Z)f
 c*
g aZzg
g
x,t} State Responsibility ~y Z Z ?7c*
8E
g
(
7
)
Curfo g6
,gwV X Kf ux Z
g wZ kZ @*

]**
v Zz Zz)g f Vu ~zg !*
s Z
Z Z Z ~ Channel Case
(
8
)
Nicaragua Z
# X D VuyZ~gZ c*
ZIg Z)f6, kZ *]Za
yZ T g Z)f k%Z Ha Zzg V2g ?Y ~ Zz Zg
Hc*
VZ wZt ~ Case
Zzg V2 yZ k%Z c*
g Z
s Z
Z Z Z ?K Z
g gzZ ~ ZZ V2
wzN k%Z Zzg V2 yZ Y H"
$U*
t ~gza ZIg Z)f a
wzN L
L c*
g Z
c*
zs- Z',
Z ~g Z]
. ZZ ~ Tadic Case ( 9 )X g
( 10)X YZg wzNg gaZzg RZgzZ YYHgH7g J a
7~gza wzN L
L H t s Z
Z Z Z ~ Namibia Case
, Z {z
/Z q ( sovereignty)g (Z
 c*
g6,T , Z Zzg
G
)f
 c*
gaZzg kZ A
$qwzN ( Pbhysical) SG
5 Zzs
 c*
g6,T
L Z
}g Z Z 4c*
g
/Z Zz t Caire Case ( 11) X }Ig Z
}Ig Z)f
 c*
g {zaZzg kZ A
$ Zzg ( ultra vires)iz ]Zg (Z
(
1
2
)
t ~ wIz6,Z ]Z@ ZY X HwEZ ]1gzZ bzz Zg f 4c*
g
kZ
/Z
GB+G
gzZ D Zzg +
$Y Z
/Z g Z)f !*
fZaZzg V 3
HHwZ
Z Z wZ ( 13) X g {z 6,VZ VZ 7] ZZ {z kZ a1zg
( 14 ) X
HH~g
Z~g Z]
.
E
8
g
/Z c*

g Z
6, wZ kZ~g Z)f ux ZgzZ yx Z Hf~y*LZ ~
{z
/kZz!*
kZ ~igzs }@kZ
{z
/ Zz{@ZV
]ggzZD{z
/kZ
/ZgzZn Yc*
g Z
~ ZZ
kZ~igzs gg Z
',{@B
c*
ZIg Z)fa ~igz s kZ{z
/}g7 kZ zg 7 ~igz s }@
kZz!*

(
1
5
)
<sZgzZm<
L zyW
a
CwZ kZ
X Y W,){@ZgzZ Y
8E
yx ZakZ6,)Z
]!*
gzZtX 7]gz y Z Zyz gux Z c*
2009ag ( 24 ) m] )x

{zsg

r
# tzg Z e~6, kZX
 g !*
zg y Z Z yz` Wt{z
E
8

zkZ k
,
]!*
t
zT gux Z L
L V@*
] P`
s %Zx Z Zz[ Zx ]!*
kZ
( 16) X 7yzb ` Wy Z Z
c*
Z
Z BgzZg Zh
+ gg 6,} @Z #

/Z 9!*
]!*
t r
# Z e
( 17 )X ^
twZ @*
,Y**
t ]i YZ ~igzs }@ZV
<sZZ kZ c*
c*
ZI^
,Y**
y ZZs kZ H
Q c*
ZI^
,Y**
Z} g Z
x kZV- <sZ
/Z ? c*
g Z
^
,Y**

7t wZQX @*
7,7W,
Z 6,ck
,
i q : c*
yzy Z Z ~gz
kZ t Z
# t wZ ? yz)y Z Z ^
,Y
z kZ t H
? M
h } g Z
^
,YZ  ^
,Y**
zg )Z<gzZ m<
L z yW

z
Zzg m~ ]gT VrZ M
h }g Z
7^
,Y n
/
 ! z
C
q
ZZzg mnkZ {z Hf~ ZZ ~ 6X 7 @*
W~K {z Hf i Z
BXVz
/yZ ] !*
g !*
X Y s {z
/k
B u',t Z
# g Z
^
,Y
z
ZIxi~0*
]Z@yZBbzggzZ V ~]Z@Zy
~ X D ZI^
,Y**
wdZ yZ {z7]%  ~ ~ y*LZgzZ
( 18)XC~igzs bzgkZpC: e~igzs }@
k~ Zi W :3*
B
U
DW6,}0i Zk
B ~ Zi WgzZZ'
r
# y{tzg Z e[
: C
~p ZyZZgKZ
~g t_ Z{zX 7:gz $
Yg ~g Yk
B V,qq
-ZP
/Z VL L
ny ZzZ]Z'
~T}i (Zq
-Zg7q
-Z] Z'

~ yZ
/ZX
~g7
ZgzZ6,1 kZ) Zgnf y gzZ
( 19) X 79Z'
: ~g7oq
-Z
kZX 7c6,i Z xzi Zk
B ~ Zi WgzZZ'
qZ y*} VQ~
c -6,qkZ~ * Z sZ sZ}X mY 7~ kZ c -6,qkZzz
~zgy Z ZgzZ<sZ :]zgzZZ'
L L[ ~z
T
X Vz rZ6,
]Zg
ZUV~X
HW~xg X 0~8
Vz)6,t ]gq
-ZX $
Y V- zZiZz c6,k
B ~ Zi WgzZZ'

t]g~uzX V} 9aZ'
gzZfZs kZvV;zgzZ +
$Y
2009ag ( 25) m] )x

{zsg

c*
g (Z { Zg4z]
.a~ Zi WgzZ e
 c*
gkZ {z
/}g0
+Z
 c*
g
]gX , qzZ'
s kZ v V;z z 6,
 c*
g
a kZX 0]g]!*
~ y*LZ ~X ~g (Z ]g~uzgzZ ~g ZCZ
X VgzJ
-]gZcV
]gttzz kZX 0) !*
~ ]gkZ {z f _ ZXr
# Z e
C
C
vn
a
C
C
s: q
+Z ( 20 ) X h~gzZ
-6,kZ ZpY { nJ e #
J
W~i
/Z~]g
**

z kZ y Z Z{z[fhZ'
a Z
Zx kZ :
Y ZzgyZhkZOX g| (,
Wa) CZ! f6,
Zz ZZ
#
Y 1907Q @*
Y {"
$U*
zg ( Customary International Law) y ZZ
# xk
Z
B ~uz ( 21)X 1t~]g}@ Z Z{!*
Z J@a
}@ZY}K ]Z@ZY~Y 1949a+zD
+y Z ZweZ[ Z W
( 22)X HthkZQ
ZnkZ
a Z'
t C
[ Z X @*
Y levee en masse S7ZZ'
~i q
Zm{z : Vg7q
-Z g Z'
x t akZ ZL L
L
L LVzg Z'
yZ ZY @gzZ J @z!*
kZ X M
hwEZ #
c*
k]
Prisoner of ) ~{ m L Ly Z6
,g
/
s
# ZgzZ ~ w ( Combatant)
( 23 )X qw ( War
VzgzW6,V;zgzZ Y{ #

 c*
g ~ Y V- ]zZ
kZ~
 c*
g ~uz (Government in Exile) #
zL L
 c*
gkZpY
kZ~xk
B ~uzXg ~gYk
B ~ZiWgzZZ'
V;z{zgzZYyz
 c*
g
aVZzZ'
L
bkZ}@ZY}Y19496,
ZgzZQBVF
Z z k
u
BZ
# q~]gkZwtyZ s
# ZgzZ tw~{mgzZ
t T @*
7t^
,Yg7 c*
kZ &
#

XY 1950zz Z (24 ) X V DZ'


zkZq~w~{mk%ZVZzpgmugzZc*

g~c*
gk
B Y 1951
~ Y 2001 xi6,k%Z zg kZ X 7t#
~ c*
ggzZ u k%Z
{z 7Z Hg
/ kZVXZz Z'
#
y]~ yZgz6,yj
jZ
X ,1VykZ#
(b2Z ZZv1tgzZw~{m
yZgzZ D7y{!*
( levee en masse)g Z'
Z
HHf 6
2009ag ( 26) m] )x

{zsg

VzgzWz6,
oVX twZX @*
7ZVzgzWz6,
o
~{mgzZL
VYyZ DZ'
s kZ jy{!*
{zgzZ @*
Y
qwt zZ 0<Eg$
+VyZ t Vzg Z'
~ * ~ ?CY ~ 7w
~ Zi WgzZZ'
s V!*! f~ * ~Z
# xk
B ~uzXce
@*
X 7{ W6, wt Vzg Z'
yZ ! f~ ZZC
Z ! Vl
Z Z V! ! fQ q ~ Zi W V! ! f * ~ g Z
#
$

G
Vl ZZ L Lm wIz6, ~ yZ X
HHZ ] B h
+'
z 6,]Z@ ZY~ Y 1977
B ~ Zi W HtwZq
k
-ZwIz6,kZX ( International Armed Conflict)
(
2
5
)
+ wZkZ X k
B Z Z 7( Civil War) m: { c*
nzg0
+Z o
w~{mV Zz{~kZgzZwL
V Zz~k
B kZ
_ti
kZ wIz6,kZOXt :Z y Z ZOy zg0
+Zo kZ6,yZgzZ Y~

Zzg g ?Y3,
~o#
gzZ k]~i q
Z kZ VW',h
+'
( 26)X {!*
( 27)X 1 Z
i Z a
wZt y Z Z bZzZ~{~,Z wZ kZ~ckZ
gzZ @*
7qg (Z 6,=
 c*
g zz ( Occupation) Z Ht
( British India) y
~ ',
L L~Y 1857 y*zyOX
_=
*k
,
+c*
$

Mandate ) [ Z Zx L L6'
,
e: ~ ',L L~Y 1918 p
Hsp~
$ Zg( System
ZX ZryY $ Z L LkZ~Y 1948gzZ Hq6,kZ( Trust) ~ XK Zj V- " {x Z Z ~ Y 1948 b
QgzZ~k
B Y 1948LZuZ6,Vv{zVyZX W~zLZuZ
 c*
g
Z Z 7z LZuZ
 c*
g {z( zk
,)pZ~k
B Y 19676,Vh
+'

= L L t ;gt ~g u {x Z Z VZ y
w LZuZ
 c*
g 6,V yZ gzZ ( Occupied Palestinian Territories)
*
: Z Zi W&
x tZ
_ VyZLZuZk
,
+c*
$
akZ ( 28)X
X BgzZ 0wVyZ} @ ZZ
sp c6,_ Zx {g r
# Z e U ;g !*
X ZU A kZ t
g Z t q
-Z ~ ] yZ X Y 1 {^
,Y _ ZyZ ~ zg ]P <
/Z CY
(
2
9
)
~ ] t
X n
6,#
Zx ~g Z)f D}g f q
-Zq
-Z xsZ
z6,
xsZg Z
/ZakZ ( 30)X
8g (Zwvn
~Vgn

2009ag ( 27) m] )x

{zsg

kZ
/ZgzZX #
Z ~g7{z 7ug Vz!*
kZsfZs kZ
kZX`Za]yZ ~g Z)f #
Z ~g7Vg 0*
: Z Z9
fZ}!*

q Tgy Z Z 73Z'
Z Z~{ Zg ]
@*
7Za Z<sZ c*
y Z Z XX YY H Z Z Z & ~9
Zt
c6,X @*
Za Z zL L| (,
 gzZ 46,{
 t Z Z b!*
-
XC
!*
qy*}
I
?i Z V.p : S5*
U
: ~p ZyZc~0V.pr
# tzg Z e
( 31) X ^
,Ypzg<sZN Y~~g7_ Zg e
/ZL L
p6, Zg7 _ ZyZ 7t L ~Y
) !*
] Za}]!*
t
<sZ %Zt |g s@~
Cy*kZ} @*
Y ^
,Y zg <sZ
:s
# z~~ZZy*X Y7^
,Y]gpzg
6,gwVX CY 0*
Vc*
0*
{ c*
i~ y sZ/y sz ]zZL L
p7Z wZkZ~ c i Z x c*
i ZV.p zg y Z Z
CYczg y sZ6,i Z xc*
i ZV.nkZZ
# @*
?^
,Y**
c*
^
,Y
-Z p zg <sZY7c*
q
p L
L nkZ H @*
Z wZt
( 32) ? { k
HZ(,
zg y ZZ ~0yZgf r
# Ze _ ZgeX
{Zp @*
ZI7^
,Y**
y ZZN Y ~~g7 t
/ZgzZ _ Zg et aiZ
pweZ[ZWZ',
y ZZY}{0
+
iKZp{zVzuzgzW~kZ
ZI^
,Y**
k
B & kZ : @*
ZI7^
,Y**

as
# z ~kZ (33 )X @*
sZ ~0*
_ ZyZa kZ xi zg <sZ ~0*
weZ [ZWZ',]Z@ ZZ
(
y ZZ ~0*
_ ZXawL
J
-V 34 ) ~gz zg <
yZ H Zz0yZ~ ZIxi
kZ (35)X xizg <~0*
gzZZ
+h
+'
<sZZ {z_ ZyZy ZZ ~
79]b
yZ ~Q (36)X p{Z
 ~yZ
~ 6,wZkZ~ KkZgzZ (37 ) Dw+Zai ZV.pv X
( 38) ?Yc*
ZI>%pZc*
LgzWZz 0
+
iKZ~V.nkZHc
gZ~E 6,
ZziptD6,
f Zgt ~V
2009ag ( 28) m] )x

{zsg

V$@WZ
# t ~ ckZQ (39)X D7t :Z x Z] ~
) !*

OkZ|g @*
YO{z~QgzZ 4igzZOyZ~
ZwzZakZX @*
CZ kZp
) !*
]gzW~p@',
kZX
(
4
0
)
YY7p]g
s
# zt ~~y
W X xZw p]gZ U*
(41)X YYH76
,

C}g ZCZp
: r
# tzg Z e
=gzZ H7y ]Z ~A kZ g
$uz yW
X 7^
,Y ~ ]gp L L
( 42) X YYH7g]Z ~KkZ x
Z e $
7p~
q g ZCZs
# Z ~ Z
# t wZ
gzZP ~7s] !*
kZh
+
zr
# Z e VW',h
+'
?g6,] !*
Wr
#
7~
qg ZCZXgzZDw 0*
)g fV.p KfZ , Z
yv w z yYp6,ggzZOyg YY H
:H7~p ZyZ~c~g ~y
Wy* ( 43)X [z

p L L{z Y H D~0*
Z <sZ
/Zt xd L L
7{Zg ai ZV.p D~0*
weZ[Z WsZ :X 7
( 44) X $
Y

Zj

$ Z L)
46mY 2009~g!Z Z`
 GG
L x { ^
,Y~W}pP:~
/cy{tzg Z e X 1
G
$ Z L )
!Z Z`
 G
L x b) ZP<sZgzZ y Z Z : weZ[ Z WZ t X 2
46mY 2008cX
37m sZ X 5

25mweZ[ Z W X 4

47m ~
/c X 3
46m sZ X 6

&
G

/ as
: G
# zZ State Responsibility X7

Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2003),


694-752.

X9
ICJ 1949 Rep 4 at 155 X 8
ICJ 1971 Rep 17 at 54 X 11 38 ILM 1999, 1518 at 1541 X 10
86X 86]d wIz6,
ZY 1977 X 13
5 RIAA 516 at 530 X 12
28X 25]d Y 1998g
Z~g Z]
. Z Z X 14
ICJ 1986 Rep 14 at 64-65

2009ag ( 29) m] )x

{zsg

sZ X 17

47m ~
/c X 16

36mweZ[Z W X 15

47m ~
/c X 19

56X 49mweZ[Z W X 18

t LZ s
# z ]!*
kZ~ i Z0
+Z  Z ~
V vZ wg~ g
$ qZ F X 20

:L{z
Hc*
O
/Z~
yzOY Y [!*
]c*
Z[ ~nZ)X n ^ j i^ u e ^ m
IE
5\!
( 1340gg
$u G
XL{z
HHODZ'
{zgzZ;g YKw T

j ( n j ( n m j ( n ^ j
( 1341gg
$u sZ )X n
gzZL{zZOD+ LZgzZL{zZODwLZ
XL{zZODyZ0
+{LZgzZL{zZODyYKZ

2i J@aY 1907 X 21

6~f Z 4i }@ZY}Y 1949 X 22

: ~p ZyZpkZ Levee en masse X 23


Inhabitants of a non-occupied territory, who on the approach of the
enemy spontaneously take up arms to resist the invading forces, without
having had time to form themselves into regular armed units.

3i ~f 1i wIz6,
Z X 25

2~f Z 4i }@ZY} X 24

44i sZ X 27
43i sZ X 26
Z@ s i Z yg Z- +

$Y LZuZ~ V =6,g wV X 28
&
: /GG
as Z
Advisory Opinion on the Legality of the Construction of a Wall in the
Occupied Palestinian Territory, ICJ 2004 Rep

.nZ[ ( gZ0
4E
378m 2` G
+g @*
Zg Z :]z) ~*Z G
!Z$
+b G
!Z Z 5E
Z+Zy;',X 29
G
G
G
sZ X 30
32m sZ X 33

39mweZ[Z W X 32

47m ~
/c X 31

58m sZ X 36

49X 43m sZ X 35

57X 56m sZ X 34

60X 59m sZ X 39
47m ~
/c X 42

sZ X 38
68m sZ X 41

59X 58m sZ X 37
sZ X 40

68m sZ X 44

68X 60mweZ[Z W X 43

2009ag ( 30) m] )x

Você também pode gostar