GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT

Mr. Nuon Pichnimith Deputy Director/ Project Manager Ministry of Rural Development Cambodia

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.

SECOND RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT (ADB GRANT 0156-CAM)

Cambodia National Agenda for Gender Mainstreaming

Womens participation at all levels of government; Womens participation in economic development; Women and childrens right to legal protection; Women and girls right to health care; Womens and girls right to education and skills training.

SECOND RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT (ADB GRANT 0156-CAM)

Rationale for Gender Mainstreaming in RWSS Sector

75% of respondents of project survey stated:

Burden of collecting water falls on women and children During the dry season, they spend up to 3 hours per day collecting water with frequent trips and long queues at water points Women are responsible for proper hygiene Women are responsible for cleaning water jars and well area

65-75% of respondents stated:

Women are key stakeholders and have a role in household water security, hygiene and family health improvements Impact of unclean water and poor sanitation:

Harm womens health Prevent girls from using the same block of toilets as boys

SECOND RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT (ADB GRANT 0156-CAM)

Different and Distinct Roles of Men and Women in Water and Sanitation
Task Collect and carry water to the house Make decisions on construction of WSS facilities, including their location and design Responsible for household water management Participate in training on construction, and O&M Responsible for cleaning of the house, latrine, bathroom and disposal of rubbish Responsible for household wastewater management Role in educating children on good hygiene behaviors (proper use of latrines, hand-washing, water use, etc) Always Sometime share responsibilities Decides on location and the way in which it is released Always Men Sometimes Often Women Almost always Sometimes influence Always Project actions None Female participation on WSUG Board Male participation Equal opportunities for women in O&M trainings Awareness programs to men and women Opportunities to women on WSUG Board 40% male participation in all awareness program

Participates but not in decision making Always

TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT (ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)

Gender Results from the Tonle Sap Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

500,000 people have access to safe water 225,000 people have a hygienic latrine

Gender mainstreaming and Gender Action Plans in the village engagement process
7 out 20 NGO staff was women (35%) Womens active participation in planning, technology choice, WUHE and O&M activities in water supply and sanitation Encourage womens active participation in management In 5,452 WSUGs, 44% of members are women About 39% of participants trained in O&M were women Gender monitoring indicators in Project Performance Monitoring Systems

TONLE SAP RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT (ADB GRANT 0018-CAM)

Gender Results from the Tonle Sap Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Reduced transportation time and labor for water collection Sufficient water for domestic use and personal hygiene practices Reduced water and sanitation related diseases in the family and reduced health care costs More productive time and healthy conditions for income-generation activities and family care Better social safety and convenience through having reliable water points close their homes (within 150 meters) and household latrines Increased influence in the decision making process for RWSS planning and construction through active participation in the WSUG Boards and community construction teams Developed skills for income generation activities

SECOND RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT (ADB GRANT 0156-CAM)

Second Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Impact : Improved health and quality of life for rural

people

Outcome : Sustained access to safe water and

sanitation and better hygiene.

Outputs :
1.

2.
3. 4.

5.

Improved Community Health and Hygiene Water Supply Improvement Sanitation Improvement Strengthened Sector Planning & Development Improved Capacity for Project Implementation

SECOND RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT (ADB GRANT 0156-CAM)

Targets and Achievements

Output Target (2009) Achievement (2012) Feasibility studies: Womens participation and gender mainstreaming 4 Gender awareness components in orientation workshops and capacity development programs. Gender workshop, Gender Action Plan training for PPTs Gender strategy included at commune level meetings GAPs are integrated in the subproject plans Subproject feasibility study reports include gender data

A gender analysis is part of the village water supply and sanitation plans. A gender action plan (GAP) as part of each subproject commune feasibility studies Gender-disaggregated information is in subproject feasibility reports, including data on female-headed households. Train focal persons on gender issues, GAP and its implementation Train all WSUG members on issues of womens participation. At least one woman on all teams for subproject feasibility studies Separate focus group discussions with women and men on subproject feasibility studies. Women participation in the selection of household latrine technology.

1 1 2 2 3

GAP included in the village level trainings for WSUGs and focal persons in 201 villages;

Womens active participation in subproject preparations and technology choice

SECOND RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT (ADB GRANT 0156-CAM)

Targets and Achievements

Output Target (2009) Achievement (2012) Female representation in management 1 1 5 5 1 5 At least 50% women as commune- and village-level focal persons At least 40% women on WSUG Board (2/5). Messages of women's decision-making power are reinforced. At least 50% of the community development and sanitation staff members on project teams are women. At least 1 of 3-person NGO team is a woman. At least 1 woman on awareness/behavioral change team Include a gender/capacity development officer in the PCU and each PPT 50% commune facilitators 44% village focal persons 45% women participation on WSUG Board 71% of female officers in community development 30% of NGO workers are women A gender/capacity development officer is in the PCU and each PPT.

1 and 5

Train commune council members on gender issues in RWSS. Involve Women and Children's Committees in RWSS activities and awareness programs.

Gender strategy of project explained at commune meetings CCWC s are included in project teams

Women are participating in WSUGs and Village Planning process

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SECOND RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT (ADB GRANT 0156-CAM)

Targets and Achievements

Output Target (2009) Achievement (2012) Female participation in technology choices, operation and maintenance and livelihoods 2 2 Train women in the care and maintenance of water facilities. 50% of Water Point Caretakers are women Women caretakers trained on O&M of water points (one woman for one hand-pump) Water and sanitation facilities constructed with female-familiar design; Female unit and male unit are separated in public toilet; Latrine houses are build by user families as per their own designs 62 out of planned 200 constructed and functioning Small groups with high female participation are prioritized

2 3 3 3

Technologies are gender-friendly (e.g., easy to operate) Separate public toilet facility blocks for females and males. Latrines are gender-sensitive, with space and ventilation in female latrines Public toilets are maintained and kept unlocked during school hours for maximum access

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Small groups with at least 60% female representation are given priority for private-sector capacity development.

Women actively participate in RWSSP Project Activities

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SECOND RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT (ADB GRANT 0156-CAM)

Targets and Achievements

Output Target (2009) Achievement (2012) Male and female participation in behavioral change 1 2 Awareness among women, men, and children on health and hygiene issues, water use and sanitation. At least 40% women and 40% men in awareness and behavioral change training. 54% of men and 46% of women participate in water use, sanitation and hygiene educations

Gender mainstreaming in data collection, monitoring and sector documents 5 4 4 Health indicators and sex-disaggregated indicators and information is collected in the RWSS database. Appropriate M&E indicators are sex-disaggregated Track and report on project benefits for women in progress report. Information in Project Performance Monitoring System Indicators are disaggregated by sex 45 % of M&E training participants at village level are women Accomplished

4
2

At least 40% of M&E village training participants are female

Review, update, and adapt manuals and procedures to include gender perspectives.

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Water and Sanitation are Valued for Life

14 THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION