Without translitaration

Reading and Writing

Skills





Edited on 8
th
Shawwal 1431
18
th
September 2010


READING READING READING READING
AND AND AND AND
WRITING WRITING WRITING WRITING
SKILLS SKILLS SKILLS SKILLS

1

INDEX

Introduction
2
PART ONE PART ONE PART ONE PART ONE
Revision of the step by step book
3
My beautiful letters
4
Table of Arabic letters
5
Writing exercices
7
The Marks
9
Fat-hah
9
Letter Hamzah
10
Fat-hah and Alif Maddiyyah
12
The shortened Alif
15
kasrah
16
Kasrah and yaa' Maddiyah
17
Dammah
20
Dammah and waaw Maddiyah
21
Sukoon
23
How to pause on Arabic words
24
Shaddah
25
PART TWO PART TWO PART TWO PART TWO
Rules of reading more than a word

Introduction to the Arabic word
29
Tanween
30
Tied Taa'
33
Connecting Hamzah
35
Disconnecting Hamzah
36
Laam in (Al of definition)
37


2
INTRODUCTION

All praise is for Allah. We praise Him, seek His help and forgiveness. We
seek refuge in Allah from the evils of ourselves, and the evils of our actions.
I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah alone
and I bear witness that Muhammad

is His servant and

Messenger.
- In the book you have in hand, we will complete the needed lessons to
be able to read and write any Arabic text

- We will start with a revision of the Step by Step book: Arabic letters,
how to connect or separate them, the Arabic marks and the comparison
between short and long vowels.
- Few new important lessons are added to make you able to read
words together are added.
- It is important to know that this is a book of reading and writing
practice book, not a book to learn the language, so you might find few
words that do not have meaning in Arabic but we are only using them for
practice.
- We will keep transliteration for most of the words, as probably it will
be a self-studying book, but always try to read the words without the
transliteration first then check if it is correct.
- A question that might come to your mind when doing these lessons
is:
Why does the same word appears with different marks on the
last letter?

The ending of an Arabic word changes after its position (role of the
word in the sentence e.g. subject, object etc ). However, the word
still means the same.
The reason of these changes will be explained later in the Qur'aanic
Arabic lessons

Hope you find these notes useful. May Allaah keep you straight on his
path, and teach you what will be beneficial for you, give you success in this
life and in the hereafter.

3






PART 1

REVISION OF THE "STEP BY STEP" BOOK









4

My beautiful letters

Letter
Name
Figure
Vocaliza
-
tion
Transliter-
tion
Example
New Heavy
Light

At the
end
In the
middle
At the
beginning
Connect
ed from
right
only
1
Hamzah

first
sound in
( a, o, e,
i )
a,o,e,i 'Apple

*



2 Baa
b b
Back *

3 Taa
t t
Tab *

4 Thaa th th Thank *
5 Jeem j j Jar *
6 Haa
- h
- * *


7 Khaa
- kh - * *
8 Daal
d d
Data *
*
9 Dhaal
th dh
That *
*
10 Raa
r r
Right *
*
11 Zaay
z z
Zoo *

*
12 Seen s s Sand *
13 Sheen
sh sh
Shadow *


14 aad S
s s
Sauce *


15 aad D
- d
- * *













16 Taa t t - *
17 Dhaa th dh - *
18 3ayn
- 3 -
* *
19 Ghyne
- gh -
* *
20 Faa f f Fat *
21 Qaaf
- q
-
* *


22 Kaaf k k Kid *
23 Laam l l Lamp *
24 Meem m m Map *
25 Noon n n Name *
26 Haa h h Hat *
27 Waaw w w Wing * *

Waaw
Maddiyah
oo oo Moon * __ *
28 Yaa Y Y You *

Yaa
Maddiyah
ee ee Deep __
29
Alif
Maddiyah
Long a aa sad

*

*

7


WRITING EXERCISES WRITING EXERCISES WRITING EXERCISES WRITING EXERCISES

Connect the letters of the word


................ ................ ................. ............. .................

................ ................ ................. ................. .................

................ ................ ................. ................. .................

Separate the letters of each word






















8

Remember that the non connectors (the letters connected from
right side only) are:

Connect the letters of the word


................ ................ ................. ............. ...............

................ ................ ................. .................
...............


................ ................ ................. ................. .................

Separate the letters of each word







9

1 *

THE MARKS THE MARKS THE MARKS THE MARKS

ammah, Kasrah, Sukoon and Shaddah) D ah, h - (Fat


1 11 1- -- - FAT FAT FAT FAT- -- -HAH HAH HAH HAH
is a small diagonal line placed above a letter, and represents a short (a).
This (a) is pronounced as (a) in (tablet). The word Fat-hah means opening,
and refers to the opening of the mouth when producing an (a)

The mark of Fat-hah

is up, and my mouth goes up

ah h - Fat The letters with the

2 *

*1-The letter ( ) you see at the beginning of that word is not a long vowel
(long vowels cannot start a word) but it is a type of Hamzah called Hamzah
of connection that will be explained later in that book.

*2- We have only chosen the form of the Hamzah without a seat as an
example, anyway the Hamzah sound will not change with all her seats. Look
at the next page for a quick revision of Hamzah.




ba

10

LETTER HAMZAH LETTER HAMZAH LETTER HAMZAH LETTER HAMZAH

The Hamzah is represented by a sign. This sign is sometimes written over
or under certain letters called seats, or else aloof.

) or ) ( ) ( ( The seats can be:
The seat is not pronounced, but is only an orthographic convention in the
spelling of words with Hamzah.

There is a cardinal rule in the reading of Hamzah:


The writing of Hamzah:
1- Aloof ( ) not connected from right or from left.
2- With a carrier, in which case it becomes like a diacritic:
a- Above and under an Alif ( ) (This is how it appears at the beginning
of a word)
b. Above a waaw ) (
c. Above a dotless yaa' ) (
The rules of writing The Hamzah will be studied later

Important comment:
Note that the Alif and Hamzah are two different letters. The letter Alif is
a long vowel, always written free from any type of Harakah, and it never
comes at the beginning of a word. But Hamzah is a consonant that
comes anywhere in the word with a Harakah.
(Step by step book page 61)
But because the Hamzah is mostly using Alif as a seat, people call the
Hamzah on the top of Alif () : "Alif" also.
This might cause lot of confusion to the beginners but soon you will get
used to it.
In our lessons, we will always follow the correct way of differentiating
between them as they are not the same.
If there is a seat, ignore it.

11

ah h - Words with Fat

Read, Copy and revise how to connect the letters

12

(long vowel) yah y ah and Alif Maddi h - Fat

If the letter Alif ( ) comes after a letter with Fat-hah (Alif is always
preceded by Fat-hah), then this Alif will be pronounced like double Fat-
hah as (a) in dad. We call it Alif Madiyyah.

- Alif Maddiyyah is the long form of Fat-hah

An Arabic word cannot start with Alif Maddiyah because Madd is like
Sukoon.
Standard
Arabic
=(+)

Qur'aan
script
#

13

ah and with long vowel Alif h - Comparison between letters with Fat

Madiyyah ah and Alif h - Words that have Fat

14

in words ah and long vowel Alif h - Fat Comparison between

#
amana aamana rafa3a raafa3a a h fata a h faata

You should be able to continue reading without help

15

OORAH S MAQ - UL - ALIF - AL

The shortened Alif

Sometimes long vowel ( ) at the end of the word is written in the
shape of Yaa' without dots. You still pronounce it as an Alif ( ) (aa) not
as (ee), We call it "Al-Alif-ul-Maqsoorah" (The shortened Alif)

How would I know it is an Alif not a Yaa?
1- It has no dots below.
2- It has no mark.
3- It is preceded by Fat-hah

4- In The Quraan it has a small on the top of it .
Ex.

Standard
Arabic
?
Qur'aan
script










16


2 22 2- -- - KASRAH KASRAH KASRAH KASRAH
Is a small diagonal line placed below a letter and represents a short (i).
This (i) is pronounced as (i) in bin. The word Kasrah means breaking.


The mark of Kasrah

is down, and my mouth goes down bi

Words with kasrah

ah and kasrah h - Words with Fat

17

Kasrah and yaa' Maddiyah (long vowel)
- If the letter Yaa' ( ) comes after a letter with Kasrah and has no mark
over or below it, then this Yaa' will be pronounced like double Kasrah as
(ee) in beep. We call it Yaa' Madiyyah.

- Yaa' Maddiyyah is the long form of kasrah.

- An Arabic word cannot start with Yaa' Maddiyyah (Madd is like Sukoon)

18

Comparison between letters with kasrah and long vowel Yaa'

Words that have long vowel Yaa'

19

Comparison between kasrah and long vowel Yaa' in words

20




3 33 3- -- - DAMMAH DAMMAH DAMMAH DAMMAH
Is a small curl placed above a letter and represents a short (u). This (u)
is pronounced as (u) in bull . The word Dammah means a hug.

The mark of Dammah

looks like a whistle, that I blow in.

bu

ammah D Letters with

ammah D Words with

21

ammah and waaw Maddiyah (long vowel) D

- If the letter Waaw ( ) comes after a letter with Dammah and has no
mark above or below it, then this Waaw will be pronounced like double
Dammah as (oo) in boot. We call it Waaw Madiyyah.

- Waaw Maddiyah is the long form of Dammah.

- An Arabic word cannot start with Waaw Maddiyah (Madd is like Sukoon)

waaw vowel ammah and long D Comparison between letters with

22

Words that have long vowel waaw

in words ammah and long vowel waaw D Comparison between

23



4 44 4- -- - SUKOON SUKOON SUKOON SUKOON (Absence of the vowel)

This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that this letter is
not followed by any vowels sound (Absence of the vowel).
It is pronounced as t in ant, b in cobraetc

This is to show the way to pronounce Sukoon in the middle of a word, to stop before
the dot then to continue the word. The correct way of writing is on the next line.






24


How to pause on Arabic words
- An Arabic word never starts with Sukoon.
- If you pause on any word, you have to keep a Sukoon on the last letter
of the word e.g. the last letter must be 'still' (in reading) even if there is a
different mark on it (in writing).














Pausing
form
The word
Word ending with Fat-hah or Dammah or Kasrah, we
pause with sukoon on the last letter.

walad

Word ending with a long vowel, we pause on a long

vowel as well.

Fee

Maa

yarjoo

Word ending with Shaddah, we pause on sukoon but
with doubling the letter.

3aduww

If the last letter is a waaw without Shaddah
preceded by a Dammah, or a yaa' without Shaddah
preceded by a Kasrah, we change the waaw and yaa'
to long vowels when pausing.

hoo

hee

25


5 55 5- -- - SHADDAH SHADDAH SHADDAH SHADDAH
This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that the letter
should be stressed (which means to pause on the letter and then to say the
same letter with a vowel).
Shaddah can be with the Fat-hah or the Kasrah or the Dammah

Help Shaddah is repeating the letter twice without moving
the tongue: once with a sukoon and once with a vowel




1-Shaddah with Fat-hah

Example: when you say: what time is it?

On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Fat-hah.

2- Shaddah with Kasrah
Example: when you say: Do you like hot tea?

On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Kasrah.

3- Shaddah with Dammah
Example: when you say: I like it too!
On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Dammah.






(Step by Step page 21)

+ ( with shaddah and Fat-hah) is batta =

+ ( with shaddah and Kasrah) is batti =

+ ( with shaddah and Dammah) is battu =

26

Words with Shaddah at the end of the word



abba
abb
abbi
abb
abbu
abb
full
pausal*

*You should read each word once in full form keeping the last vowel (when you
continue reading after that word) and once when pausing on Sukoon by keeping
the stress (doubling the letter) on the last letter.


27

Words with Shaddah



Full form
Pausal form
Meaning

Allaahu sharru hubba fannaanu khayyaatu
Allaah sharr hubb fannaan khayyaat
Allaah evil love artist tailor

sittoona muttaqee saffu mudarrisu najjaaru
sittoon muttaqee saff mudarris najjaar
sixty pious row teacher carpenter

28




PART 2

NEW LESSONS



RULES OF READING MORE THAN A WORD


1- INTRODUCTION OF THE ARABIC WORD
2- TANWEEN
3- TAA' MARBOOTAH
4- HAMZA-TUL-WASL
5- LAAM AT-TA3REEF





29


1 11 1- -- - INTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORD INTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORD INTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORD INTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORD

The Arabic Word

Noun

Verb

Particle

Human

Past tense
verb

Preposition

..

Animal

Present
tense verb

Conjunction
Particle

..

Solid

Command
verb
( imperative)

Negation
Particle

Plant

Calling
Particle

Place

Etc.

Time

Adjective

Pronoun

Demonstrative

Relative
Pronoun

Etc.


30

2 22 2- -- - TANWEEN TANWEEN TANWEEN TANWEEN

Tanween is a sound of Noon with Sukoon, that you hear at the end of
Arabic indefinite nouns, but you do not write as a letter

. It is written in a
special way, by writing the vowel mark twice.

= bintan

= bintin

or

= bintun
Tanween
Fat-hah
(Fat-hataan)*
Tanween Kasrah
(Kasrataan)
Tanween
Dammah
(Dammataan)

Fat-hataan means 2 Fat-hah, Kasrataan means 2 kasrah and Dammataan
means 2 Dammah. (as if the first is the vowel and the second in for

- Note that the Fat-hataan marks are regularly followed by an Alif,
written as the last letter in the word, but this Alif does not indicate a long
vowel except in the pausal form.

- The sound of Noon is heard only when we continue to read after that
word, but if we pause on that word, we pause on Sukoon over the last
written letter and we do not hear Noon sound of Tanween.

Full form Pausal form
(Continuing reading after that word) (Stopping on that word)
1- Dammataan un:

bintun bint (like in Dammah)

2- Kasrataan in:

bintin bint (like in Kasrah)

3- Fat-hataan an:

bintan bintaa (different than

Fat-hah due to the long vowel Alif that is added to the end)

31

The letters with Tanween and how to pause at the end of the word

32

Words with short vowels and Tanween and how to pause on them










Tanween
Dammah
Dammah Tanween
Kasrah
Kasrah Tanween
Fat-hah
Fat-hah

Full
form
baytun baytu baytin bayti baytan bayta
Pausal
form
bayt bayt bayt bayt baytaa bayt
meaning
house house house house house house

Full
form
kitaabun

kitaabu

khayrin

khayri

rasoolan rasoola
Pausal
form
kitaab kitaab khayr

khayr rasoolaa rasool
meaning
book book good good messenger messenger

33

3 33 3 - -- - TAA' TAA' TAA' TAA' MARBOOTAH MARBOOTAH MARBOOTAH MARBOOTAH

The Tied Taa'

- Taa' Marbootah occurs only as the last consonant of a noun.
- It is a sign of femininity in singular nouns.
- It is a combination of the letter and the letter
Ex

- If we continue the reading after a word ending with Taa' Marbootah, we
pronounce it as a Taa' , but if we pause on such word, we pause on
a Haa' with Sukoon.


*Notice that the long vowel Alif that comes after Tanween Fat-hah is not
written after Taa' Marbootah and that the pausal form is on Haa' Sukoon
as well.



Ex.

Tanween
Dammah
Dammah
Tanween
Kasrah
Kasrah
Tanween
Fat-hah
Fat-hah

Full form wardatun wardatu wardatin wardati wardatan wardata
Pausal
form
wardah wardah wardah wardah wardah wardah
meaning rose rose rose rose rose rose

Full form salaatun salaatu kalimatin kalimati jannatan jannata
Pausal
form
salaah salaah kalimah kalimah jannah jannah
prayer prayer word word paradise paradise
If you fly to the next word, take the upper dots of with you
& if you stop suddenly and fall, you say oh!


34

/ Read

.

.

Notice that when we pause at the end of the sentences, we change the
sound of Taa' Marbootah to a Haa' with sukoon.














35

4 44 4- -- - HAMZAT HAMZAT HAMZAT HAMZAT- -- -UL UL UL UL- -- -WASL WASL WASL WASL
The connecting Hamzah
If the Alif is not carrying the sign of Hamzah, then it must be a long vowel
EXCEPT when it occurs first letter in the word.
In that case, the Alif is a Hamzah (consonant), but it is a special type of
Hamzah that is pronounced only when it is the first sound coming out
of the mouth (i.e. when you begin speaking by pronouncing that Hamzah).
This Hamzah is called 'Hamzat-ul-Wasl'

or the 'connecting
Hamzah'
- It comes only at the beginning of the word.
- It looks like long vowel Alif, but you already know that this last cannot be
at the beginning of a word, as it is a sukoon.
- In the Quraan it has a symbol like small on the top. ) ( , but in standard
Arabic books it is free of any sign.

- This Hamzah is pronounced only at the beginning of the speech, i.e. when
no other speech sound has been pronounced immediately before it;
Otherwise, it is silent.
- If we start with the word we say: Allaah. (we hear the sound of
But if we start with a word before it Ex.

We say: Jazaka-llaah

(We dont pronounce A of the word Allaah,

we directly go from the Kaaf of Jazaaka to the letter Laam of the word
(Allaah). The Hamzah is omitted)
Standard
Arabic

Qur'aan
script
O# ` O#

'ithnayn zawjayni-thnayn
starting with
Hamza wasl
reading a word
before it
meaning
two two pairs

36

HAMZAT HAMZAT HAMZAT HAMZAT- -- -UL UL UL UL- -- -QAT QAT QAT QAT3 33 3
The disconnecting Hamzah
-The other outspoken Hamzah ( ) at the beginning of a word, with the
diacritic on the top is called 'Hamzat-ul-Qat3'

or
the"Disconnecting Hamzah";that one is always pronounced, whether you
start with that word or you read a word before Ex.

Huwa Ahmad

.







Standard Arabic

Qur'aan
script
59& A>$) 59&
aleem 3iqaabin aleem

srarting with
Hamzat-ul-Qat3
reading a word
before it
meaning painful painful punishment

37

5- -- - LAAM IN AL AT LAAM IN AL AT LAAM IN AL AT LAAM IN AL AT- -- -TA TA TA TA3 33 3REEF REEF REEF REEF
The letter Laam that occurs in Al of Definition

1- *

is connected to nouns to make them definite.

It is equivalent to the English word "The", but should be connected at the
beginning of the noun not separate from it as in "The"
Ex.

3- The nouns that have Al of Definition cannot have Tanween.

Reading the letter Laam that occurs in Al of Definition
The letter Laam in "Al at-Ta3reef" can be read in one of two ways
depending on the letter following it:
- Pronouncing that Laam clearly.
- Omitting that Laam by inserting it in the following letter.


a- Pronouncing that Laam clearly

When that Laam precedes a noun beginning with any of the fourteen letters
in the group:
The scholars gathered them in the sentence:

The in that case is called Laam Qamariyyah

from

(moon)
due to the first letter that is one of the previous fourteen letters

al-gha al-3a al-kha al-ha al-ja al-ba al-'a

al-ya al-wa al-ha al-ma al-ka al-qa al-fa

*Al of definition is starting with Hamzat-ul-Wasl

That Laam can be recognized easily by the Sukoon appearing over it.

38

b- Omitting that Laam by inserting it in the following letter:

When that Laam precedes a noun beginning with any of the remaining
fourteen letters of Arabic

The in that case is called Laam Shamsiyyah

from

(sun)
due to the first letter which is one of the previous fourteen letters.

al-ghuraab al-3arab al-khayr al-hajar al-jamal al-bayt al-'a3laa

The crow The
Arabs
The good The
stone
The
camel
The
house
The
highest

al-yawm al-walad al-hudaa al-mawz al-kitaab al-qamar al-feel

The day The boy The
guidance
The
banana
The
book
The
moon
The
elephant

an-na az-za ar-ra adh-dha ad-da ath-tha at-ta

al-la adh-dha at-ta ad-da as-sa ash-sha as-sa

39

Ayyaamu-l-usboo3
Days of the week








A word with Hamzatu-l-wasl and Laam shamsiyyah

an-noor az-zayt ar-raqm adh-dhurah ad-deen ath-thawb at-tawheed
The
light
The oil The
number
The
corn
The
religion
The
dress
The
monotheis
m

al-layl adh-dhufr at-teen ad-daalleen as-sawt ash-shams as-samaa'
The
night
The
nail
The
clay
The
misguided
The
sound
The
sun
The
sky

ath-thulaathaa' al-ithnayn al-ahad as-sabt
Tuesday Monday Sunday Saturday

al-jumu3ah al-khamees al-arbi3aa'
Friday Thursday Wednesday
Standard Arabic

Qur'aan
script
$9# 7= $9#

an-naas maliki-nnaas

starting with
Hamza wasl
reading a word
before it
meaning
The people The king of the
people