Chigwell School

C4 by topic
1447 min
1206 marks

1. f(x) =
) 2 1 )( 1 (
14 1
x x
x
+
+
,
2
1
< x
.
(a) Express f(x) in partial fractions.
(3)
(b) Hence find the exact value of
x x d ) ( f
3
1
6
1
(

, giving your answer in the form ln p, where

p is rational.
(5)

(c) Use the binomial theorem to expand f(x) in ascending powers of x, up to and including
the term in x
3
, simplifying each term.
(5)
(Total 13 marks)
Chigwell School 1
2. The function f is given by
f(x) =
) 1 )( 2 (
) 1 ( 3
+
+
x x
x
, x , x 2, x 1.
(a) Express f(x) in partial fractions.
(3)
(b) Hence, or otherwise, prove that f (x) < 0 for all values of x in the domain.
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

3. (a) Express
) 1 ( ) 3 2 (
2 13
+

x x
x
in partial fractions.
(4)

(b) Given that y = 4 at x = 2, use your answer to part (a) to find the solution of the differential
equation
x
y
d
d
=
) 1 ( ) 3 2 (
) 2 13 (
+

x x
x y
, x > 1.5
Express your answer in the form y = f(x).
(7)
(Total 11 marks)

4. Given that
,
1 3 1 ) 1 )( 3 1 (
5 3
x
B
x
A
x x
x

+
+

+
+
(a) find the values of the constants A and B.
(3)
Chigwell School 2
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the series expansion in ascending powers of x, up to and
including the term in x
2
, of
) 1 )( 3 1 (
5 3
x x
x
+
+
.
(5)

(c) State, with a reason, whether your series expansion in part (b) is valid for x =
2
1
.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

5.
.
) 2 1 (
1 3
) ( f
2
1
2
<

x
x
x
x
Given that, for
2 2 2
1
) 2 1 ( ) 2 1 ( ) 2 1 (
1 3
,
x
B
x
A
x
x
x

, where A and B are constants,

(a) find the values of A and B.
(3)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the series expansion of f(x), in ascending powers of x, up to and
including the term in x
3
, simplifying each term.
(6)
(Total 9 marks)

6.
. ,
4 9
4 9
) ( f
2
3
2
2
t

+
x
x
x
x
(a) Find the values of the constants A, B and C such that
. ,
2 3 2 3
) ( f
2
3
t

+
+
+ x
x
C
x
B
A x
(4)
Chigwell School 3
(b) Hence find the exact value of

+
1
1
2
2
d
4 9
4 9
x
x
x
(5)
(Total 9 marks)

7. The cartesian equation of the circle C is
x
2
+ y
2
8x 6y + 16 = 0.
(a) Find the coordinates of the centre of C and the radius of C.
(4)
(b) Sketch C.
(2)

(c) Find parametric equations for C.
(3)
(d) Find, in cartesian form, an equation for each tangent to C which passes through the
origin O.
(5)
(Total 14 marks)
Chigwell School 4
8.
1
1 1
1
The curve shown in the diagram above has parametric equations
x = cos t, y = sin 2t, 0 t < 2.

(a) Find an expression for
x
y
d
d
in terms of the parameter t.
(3)
(b) Find the values of the parameter t at the points where
x
y
d
d
= 0.
(3)

(c) Hence give the exact values of the coordinates of the points on the curve where the
tangents are parallel to the x-axis.
(2)
(d) Show that a cartesian equation for the part of the curve where 0 t < is
y = 2x(1 x
2
).
(3)

(e) Write down a cartesian equation for the part of the curve where t < 2.
(1)
(Total 12 marks)
Chigwell School 5
9. The curve C is described by the parametric equations
x = 3 cos t, y = cos 2t, 0 t .
(a) Find a cartesian equation of the curve C.
(2)
(b) Draw a sketch of the curve C.
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

10.
R
A B
C
x ( m e t r e s )
y ( m e t r e s )
The diagram above shows a cross-section R of a dam. The line AC is the vertical face of the
dam, AB is the horizontal base and the curve BC is the profile. Taking x and y to be the
horizontal and vertical axes, then A, B and C have coordinates (0, 0), (3
2
, 0) and (0, 30)
respectively. The area of the cross-section is to be calculated.
Initially the profile BC is approximated by a straight line.

(a) Find an estimate for the area of the cross-section R using this approximation.
(1)

The profile BC is actually described by the parametric equations.
x = 16t
2

2
, y = 30 sin 2t,
4

t
2

.
(b) Find the exact area of the cross-section R.
(7)

Chigwell School 6
(c) Calculate the percentage error in the estimate of the area of the cross-section R that you
found in part (a).
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

11.
O
y
a x
C
P
R

The diagram above shows a sketch of the curve C with parametric equations
x = 3t sin t, y = 2 sec t, 0 t <
2

.
The point P(a, 4) lies on C.
(a) Find the exact value of a.
(3)

The region R is enclosed by C, the axes and the line x = a as shown in the diagram above.
(b) Show that the area of R is given by
6
(

3
0

(tan t + t) dt.
(4)
Chigwell School 7
(c) Find the exact value of the area of R.
(4)
(Total 11 marks)

12.
x
y
O
C
1
2
3
The curve C has parametric equations
x =
t + 1
1
, y =
t 1
1
, t < 1.
(a) Find an equation for the tangent to C at the point where t =
2
1
.
(7)

(b) Show that C satisfies the cartesian equation y =
1 2 x
x
.
(3)

The finite region between the curve C and the x-axis, bounded by the lines with equations x =
3
2

and x = 1, is shown shaded in the figure above.
(c) Calculate the exact value of the area of this region, giving your answer in the form
a + b ln c, where a, b and c are constants.
(6)
(Total 16 marks)
Chigwell School 8
13. A curve has parametric equations
x = 2 cot t, y = 2 sin
2
t, 0 < t
2

.
(a) Find an expression for
x
y
d
d
in terms of the parameter t.
(4)

(b) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where t =
4

.
(4)

(c) Find a cartesian equation of the curve in the form y = f(x). State the domain on which the
curve is defined.
(4)
(Total 12 marks)
Chigwell School 9
14.
1 0 . 5 O 0 . 5 1
0 . 5
The curve shown in the figure above has parametric equations
. ), ( sin , sin
2 2 6

t t y t x < < +
(a) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where
6

t
.
(6)
(b) Show that a cartesian equation of the curve is
1 1 ), 1 (
2
1
2
3
2
< < +

x x x y
(3)
(Total 9 marks)
Chigwell School 10
15.
x
y
a
O
B
1
2
a
A
The curve shown in the figure above has parametric equations
.
6
0 , sin , 3 cos

t t a y t a x
The curve meets the axes at points A and B as shown.
The straight line shown is part of the tangent to the curve at the point A.
Find, in terms of a,
(a) an equation of the tangent at A,
(6)

(b) an exact value for the area of the finite region between the curve, the tangent at
A and the x-axis, shown shaded in the figure above.
(9)
(Total 15 marks)
Chigwell School 11
16.
x
y
O
R
The curve shown in the figure above has parametric equations
x = t 2 sin t, y = 1 2cos t, 0 t 2
(a) Show that the curve crosses the x-axis where
.
3
5
and
3

t t
(2)

The finite region R is enclosed by the curve and the x-axis, as shown shaded in the figure above.
(b) Show that the area of R is given by the integral
( )

3
5
3
. d cos 2 1
2

t t
(3)
(c) Use this integral to find the exact value of the shaded area.
(7)
(Total 12 marks)

17. A curve has parametric equations
.
2
0 , sin , tan
2

< < t t y t x
Chigwell School 12
(a) Find an expression for
x
y
d
d
in terms of t. You need not simplify your answer.
(3)

(b) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where
.
4

t
Give your answer in the form y = ax + b, where a and b are constants to be determined.
(5)

(c) Find a cartesian equation of the curve in the form y
2
= f(x).
(4)
(Total 12 marks)

18.
y
O
l n 2 l n 4
x
C
R
The curve C has parametric equations
1 ,
) 1 (
1
), 2 ( ln >
+
+ t
t
y t x
The finite region R between the curve C and the x-axis, bounded by the lines with equations
x = 1n 2 and x = 1n 4, is shown shaded in the diagram above.
Chigwell School 13
(a) Show that the area of R is given by the integral
t
t t
d
) 2 )( 1 (
1
2
0

+ +
.
(4)

(b) Hence find an exact value for this area.
(6)

(c) Find a cartesian equation of the curve C, in the form y = f(x).
(4)

(d) State the domain of values for x for this curve.
(1)
(Total 15 marks)

19.
x
O
y
P
l
C
4
R
The diagram above shows the curve C with parametric equations
2
0 , 2 sin 4 , cos 8

t t y t x
.
The point P lies on C and has coordinates (4, 23).
Chigwell School 14
(a) Find the value of t at the point P.
(2)

The line l is a normal to C at P.
(b) Show that an equation for l is y = x3 + 63.
(6)

The finite region R is enclosed by the curve C, the x-axis and the line x = 4, as shown shaded in
the diagram above.
(c) Show that the area of R is given by the integral

2
3
2
d cos sin 64

t t t
.
(4)

(d) Use this integral to find the area of R, giving your answer in the form a + b3, where a
and b are constants to be determined.
(4)
(Total 16 marks)

20. The binomial expansion of
4
3
) 12 1 ( x +
in ascending powers of x up to and including the
term in x
3
is
1 + 9x + px
2
+ qx
3
, |12x|< 1.
(a) Find the value of p and the value of q.
(4)

(b) Use this expansion with your values of p and q together with an appropriate value of x
to obtain an estimate of
4
3
) 6 . 1 (
.
(2)
(c) Obtain
4
3
) 6 . 1 (
from your calculator and hence make a comment on the accuracy of the
estimate you obtained in part (b).
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

Chigwell School 15
21. (a) Expand (1 + 3x)
2
, |x|<
3
1
, in ascending powers of x up to and including the term
in x
3
, simplifying each term.
(4)
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the first three terms in the expansion of
2
) 3 1 (
4
x
x
+
+
as a series in
ascending powers of x.
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

22. f(x) =
) 1 ( ) 2 3 (
25
2
x x +
, |x|< 1.
(a) Express f(x) as a sum of partial fractions.
(4)

(b) Hence find

x x d ) ( f
.
(5)
(c) Find the series expansion of f(x) in ascending powers of x up to and including the term in
x
2
. Give each coefficient as a simplified fraction.
(7)
(Total 16 marks)

23. When (1 + ax)
n
is expanded as a series in ascending powers of x, the coefficients of x and x
2
are 6 and 27 respectively.
(a) Find the value of a and the value of n.
(5)

(b) Find the coefficient of x
3
.
(2)

(c) State the set of values of x for which the expansion is valid.
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Chigwell School 16
24. (a) Show that

+ +
n
r
r r
1
) 5 )( 1 (
=
6
1
n(n+ 7)(2n + 7).
(4)

(b) Hence calculate the value of

+ +
40
10
) 5 )( 1 (
r
r r
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

25. f(x) =
) 1 (
1
x
(1 + x), 1 < x < 1.
(a) Find the series expansion of f(x), in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term
in x
3
.
(6)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, prove that the function f has a minimum at the origin.
(4)
(Total 10 marks)

26. Use the binomial theorem to expand
(4 9x), |x|<
9
4
,
in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x
3
, simplifying each term.
(Total 5 marks)

27. (a) Find the first four terms in the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of
( ) , 1 2 2 1
2
1
<

x x
giving each term in its simplest form.
(4)

(b) Hence write down the first four terms in the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of
Chigwell School 17
( ) . 1 2 , 200 100
2
1
<

x x
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

28.
3
1
2 2
2
,
) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 1 ( ) 2 )( 3 1 (
16 3
) ( f <
+
+
+
+

+
+
x
x
C
x
B
x
A
x x
x
x
(a) Find the values of A and C and show that B = 0.
(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the series expansion of f(x), in ascending powers of x, up to and
including the term in x
3
. Simplify each term.
(7)
(Total 11 marks)

29. f(x) = (2 5x)
2
, |x| <
5
2
.
Find the binomial expansion of f(x), in ascending powers of x, as far as the term in x
3
, giving
each coefficient as a simplified fraction.
(Total 5 marks)

30.
.
2
3
, ) 2 3 ( ) ( f
3
< +

x x x
Find the binomial expansion of f(x), in ascending powers of x, as far as the term in x
3
.
Give each coefficient as a simplified fraction.
(Total 5 marks)
Chigwell School 18
31. (a) Use the binomial theorem to expand
3
8
, ) 3 8 (
3
1
< x x
,
in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x
3
, giving each term as a
simplified fraction.
(5)

(b) Use your expansion, with a suitable value of x, to obtain an approximation to
3
) 7 . 7 (

Give your answers to 7 decimal places.
(2)
(Total 7 marks)

32. (a) Expand
3
4
where ,
) 3 4 (
1
<

x
x
, in ascending powers of x up to and including
the term in x
2
. Simplify each term.
(5)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the first 3 terms in the expansion of
) 3 4 (
8
x
x

+
as a series in
ascending powers of x.
(4)
(Total 9 marks)

33. The curve C has parametric equations
x = a sec t , y = b tan t, 0 < t <
2

,
where a and b are positive constants.
Chigwell School 19
(a) Prove that
x
y
d
d
=
a
b
cosec t.
(4)
(b) Find the equation in the form y = px + q of the tangent to C at the point where t =
4

.
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

34. A curve has equation
x
3
2xy 4x + y
3
51 = 0.
Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point (4, 3), giving your answer in the form
ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
(Total 8 marks)

35.
y
O x
M
The diagram above shows the curve with equation y =
2
1
x
e

2x
.
(a) Find the x-coordinate of M, the maximum point of the curve.
(5)
The finite region enclosed by the curve, the x-axis and the line x = 1 is rotated through 2 about
the x-axis.
(b) Find, in terms of and e, the volume of the solid generated.
(7)
(Total 12 marks)

Chigwell School 20
36. (a) Use the identity for cos (A + B) to prove that cos 2A = 2 cos
2
A 1.
(2)
(b) Use the substitution x = 22 sin to prove that
(

6
2
2
d ) 8 ( x x
=
3
1
( + 33 6).
(7)
A curve is given by the parametric equations
x = sec , y = ln(1 + cos 2 ), 0 <
2

.
(c) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where =
3

.
(5)
(Total 14 marks)

37.
y
x
M
O
P
N
R

The curve C with equation y = 2e
x
+ 5 meets the y-axis at the point M, as shown in the diagram
above.
(a) Find the equation of the normal to C at M in the form ax + by = c, where a, b and c are
integers.
(4)

This normal to C at M crosses the x-axis at the point N(n, 0).
Chigwell School 21
(b) Show that n = 14.
(1)

The point P(ln 4, 13) lies on C. The finite region R is bounded by C, the axes and the line PN, as
shown in the diagram above.
(c) Find the area of R, giving your answer in the form p + q ln 2, where p and q are integers
to be found.
(7)
(Total 12 marks)

38.
A
O x
y
The diagram above shows a graph of y = x sin x, 0 < x < . The maximum point on the curve
is A.

(a) Show that the x-coordinate of the point A satisfies the equation 2 tan x + x = 0.
(4)
The finite region enclosed by the curve and the x-axis is shaded as shown in the diagram above.
A solid body S is generated by rotating this region through 2 radians about the x-axis.
(b) Find the exact value of the volume of S.
(7)
(Total 11 marks)

39. The curve C has equation 5x
2
+ 2xy 3y
2
+ 3 = 0. The point P on the curve C has coordinates
(1, 2).
Chigwell School 22
(a) Find the gradient of the curve at P.
(5)

(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve C at P, in the form y = ax + b, where a and b
are constants.
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

40. f(x) = x +
5
e
x
, x .
(a) Find f (x).
(2)

The curve C, with equation y = f(x), crosses the y-axis at the point A.
(b) Find an equation for the tangent to C at A.
(3)

(c) Complete the table, giving the values of

,
_

+
5
e
x
x
to 2 decimal places.
x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

,
_

+
5
e
x
x
0.45 0.91
(2)
Chigwell School 23
(d) Use the trapezium rule, with all the values from your table, to find an approximation for
the value of
x x
x
d
5
e
2
0
(
(

,
_

+
.
(4)
(Total 11 marks)

41. A drop of oil is modelled as a circle of radius r. At time t
r = 4(1 e

t
), t > 0,
where is a positive constant.
(a) Show that the area A of the circle satisfies
t
A
d
d
= 32 (e

t
e
2

t
).
(5)

In an alternative model of the drop of oil its area A at time t satisfies
2
2
3
d
d
t
A
t
A

, t > 0.
Given that the area of the drop is 1 at t = 1,
(b) find an expression for A in terms of t for this alternative model.
(7)

(c) Show that, in the alternative model, the value of A cannot exceed 4.
(1)
(Total 13 marks)
Chigwell School 24
42. The curve C with equation y = k + ln 2x, where k is a constant, crosses the x-axis at the point A

,
_

0 ,
e 2
1
.
(a) Show that k = 1.
(2)

(b) Show that an equation of the tangent to C at A is y = 2ex 1.
(4)

(c) Complete the table below, giving your answers to 3 significant figures.
x 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
1 + ln 2x 2.10 2.61 2.79
(2)

(d) Use the trapezium rule, with four equal intervals, to estimate the value of
(

+
3
1
d ) 2 ln 1 ( x x
.
(4)
(Total 12 marks)
Chigwell School 25
43.
y
x O
C
P
Q
R

The diagram shows a sketch of part of the curve C with parametric equations
x = t
2
+ 1, y = 3(1 + t).
The normal to C at the point P(5, 9) cuts the x-axis at the point Q, as shown in the diagram.
(a) Find the x-coordinate of Q.
(6)

(b) Find the area of the finite region R bounded by C, the line PQ and the x-axis.
(9)
(Total 15 marks)

44. The value V of a car t years after the 1st January 2001 is given by the formula
V = 10 000 (1.5)
t
.
(a) Find the value of the car on 1st January 2005.
(2)
Chigwell School 26
(b) Find the value of
t
V
d
d
when t = 4.
(3)

(c) Explain what the answer to part (b) represents.
(1)
(Total 6 marks)

45. A curve has equation
x
2
+ 2xy 3y
2
+ 16 = 0.
Find the coordinates of the points on the curve where
x
y
d
d
= 0.
(Total 7 marks)

46. A curve C is described by the equation
3x
2
2y
2
+ 2x 3y + 5 = 0.
Find an equation of the normal to C at the point (0, 1), giving your answer in the form
ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
(Total 7 marks)

47. f(x) = (x
2
+ 1) ln x, x > 0.
(a) Use differentiation to find the value of f'(x) at x = e, leaving your answer in terms of e.
(4)
(b) Find the exact value of

e
1
d ) ( f x x
(5)
(Total 9 marks)
Chigwell School 27
48. A curve C is described by the equation
3x
2
+ 4y
2
2x + 6xy 5 = 0.
Find an equation of the tangent to C at the point (1, 2), giving your answer in the form
ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
(Total 7 marks)

49. The volume of a spherical balloon of radius r cm is V cm
3
, where V =
3
4
r
3
.
(a) Find
r
V
d
d
(1)

The volume of the balloon increases with time t seconds according to the formula
. 0 ,
) 1 2 (
1000
d
d
2

+
t
t t
V

(b) Using the chain rule, or otherwise, find an expression in terms of r and t for
.
d
d
t
r
(2)

(c) Given that V = 0 when t = 0, solve the differential equation
2
) 1 2 (
1000
d
d
+

t t
V
, to obtain V
in terms of t.
(4)
(d) Hence, at time t = 5,
(i) find the radius of the balloon, giving your answer to 3 significant figures,
(3)
(ii) show that the rate of increase of the radius of the balloon is approximately
2.90 10
2
cm s
1
.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)

Chigwell School 28
50. A curve has parametric equations
x = 7cos t cos7t, y = 7 sin t sin 7t,
3 8

< < t
.
(a) Find an expression for
x
y
d
d
in terms of t. You need not simplify your answer.
(3)

(b) Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point where
.
6

t
Give your answer in its simplest exact form.
(6)
(Total 9 marks)

51. A set of curves is given by the equation sin x + cos y = 0.5.
(a) Use implicit differentiation to find an expression for
x
y
d
d
.
(2)

For < x < and < y < ,
(b) find the coordinates of the points where
x
y
d
d
= 0.
(5)
(Total 7 marks)

52. (a) Given that y = 2
x
, and using the result 2
x
= e
xln

2
, or otherwise, show that
x
y
d
d
= 2
x
ln
2.
(2)
Chigwell School 29
(b) Find the gradient of the curve with equation
) (
2
2
x
y
at the point with coordinates
(2,16).
(4)
(Total 6 marks)

53. A curve is described by the equation
x
3
4y
2
= 12xy.
(a) Find the coordinates of the two points on the curve where x = 8.
(3)

(b) Find the gradient of the curve at each of these points.
(6)
(Total 9 marks)

54.
5 x
x
The diagram above shows a right circular cylindrical metal rod which is expanding as it is
heated. After t seconds the radius of the rod is x cm and the length of the rod is 5x cm. The
cross-sectional area of the rod is increasing at the constant rate of 0.032 cm
2
s
1
.
(a) Find
t
x
d
d
when the radius of the rod is 2 cm, giving your answer to 3 significant figures.
(4)
Chigwell School 30
(b) Find the rate of increase of the volume of the rod when x = 2.
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

55. A curve has equation 3x
2
y
2
+ xy = 4. The points P and Q lie on the curve. The gradient of the
tangent to the curve is
3
8
at P and at Q.
(a) Use implicit differentiation to show that y 2x = 0 at P and at Q.
(6)
(b) Find the coordinates of P and Q.
(3)
(Total 9 marks)

56. Find the volume generated when the region bounded by the curve with equation
y = 2 +
x
1
, the x-axis and the lines x =
2
1
and x = 4 is rotated through 360 about
the x-axis.
Give your answer in the form (a + b ln 2), where a and b are rational constants.
.....
(Total 7 marks)

57. Given that y = 1 at x = , solve the differential equation
x
y
d
d
= yx
2
cos x, y > 0.
(Total 9 marks)
Chigwell School 31
58.
g(x) =
) 2 )( 4 1 (
8 5
x x
x
+
+
.
(a) Express g(x) in the form
) 2 ( ) 4 1 ( x
B
x
A

+
+
, where A and B are constants to be found.
(3)
The finite region R is bounded by the curve with equation y = g(x), the coordinate axes and the
line x =
2
1
.
(b) Find the area of R, giving your answer in the form a ln 2 + b ln 3.
(7)
(Total 10 marks)

59. Use the substitution u
2
= (x 1) to find
(

x
x
x
d
) 1 (
2
,
giving your answer in terms of x.
(Total 10 marks)

60. Use the substitution u = 4 + 3x
2
to find the exact value of
x
x
x
d
) 3 4 (
2
2
0
2 2
(

+
.
(Total 6 marks)
Chigwell School 32
61.
x
y
R
O 2
The diagram above shows the curve with equation
y = x
2
sin (
2
1
x), 0 < x 2.
The finite region R bounded by the line x = , the x-axis, and the curve is shown shaded
in Fig 1.

(a) Find the exact value of the area of R, by integration. Give your answer in terms of .
(7)
The table shows corresponding values of x and y.
x

4
5
2
3
4
7 2
y 9.8696 14.247 15.702 G 0

(b) Find the value of G.
(1)
(c) Use the trapezium rule with values of x
2
sin (
2
1
x)
(i) at x = , x =
2
3
and x = 2 to find an approximate value for the area R, giving
your answer to 4 significant figures,
Chigwell School 33
(ii) at x = , x =
4
5
, x =
2
3
, x =
4
7
and x = 2 to find an improved
approximation for the area R, giving your answer to 4 significant figures.
(5)
(Total 13 marks)

62.
y
x
O 4 1
R
The diagram above shows part of the curve with equation y = 1 +
x 2
1
. The shaded region R,
bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the lines x = 1 and x = 4, is rotated through 360 about the
x-axis. Using integration, show that the volume of the solid generated is (5 +
2
1
ln 2).
(Total 8 marks)
Chigwell School 34
63.
x
y
O 1 2
R

The diagram above shows part of the curve with equation y = 1 +
x
c
, where c is a positive
constant.
The point P with x-coordinate p lies on the curve. Given that the gradient of the curve at P is 4,

(a) show that c = 4p
2
.
(2)
Given also that the y-coordinate of P is 5,

(b) prove that c = 4.
(2)
The region R is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the lines x = 1 and x = 2, as shown in the
diagram above. The region R is rotated through 360 about the x-axis.
(c) Show that the volume of the solid generated can be written in the form (k + q ln 2),
where k and q are constants to be found.
(7)
(Total 11 marks)
Chigwell School 35
64.
y
x O
C
A 1
R

The diagram above shows the curve C with equation y = f(x), where
f(x) =
x
8
x
2
, x > 0.
Given that C crosses the x-axis at the point A,
(a) find the coordinates of A.
(3)

The finite region R, bounded by C, the x-axis and the line x = 1, is rotated through 2 radians
about the x-axis.
(b) Use integration to find, in terms of the volume of the solid generated.
(7)
(Total 10 marks)
Chigwell School 36
65.
O x
y
R
1 4
C

The diagram above shows parts of the curve C with equation
y =
x
x

+2
.
The shaded region R is bounded by C, the x-axis and the lines x = 1 and x = 4.
This region is rotated through 360 about the x-axis to form a solid S.
(a) Find, by integration, the exact volume of S.
(7)

The solid S is used to model a wooden support with a circular base and a circular top.
(b) Show that the base and the top have the same radius.
(1)

Given that the actual radius of the base is 6 cm,
(c) show that the volume of the wooden support is approximately 630 cm
3
.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Chigwell School 37
66. Use the substitution u = 1 + sin x and integration to show that
(

sin x cos x (1 + sin x)

5
dx =
42
1
(1 + sin x)
6
[6 sin x 1] + constant.
(Total 8 marks)

67.
y
O
R
x
2 4

The diagram above shows part of the curve with equation
y = 4x
x
6
, x > 0.
The shaded region R is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the lines with equations x = 2 and
x = 4. This region is rotated through 2 radians about the x-axis.
Find the exact value of the volume of the solid generated.
(Total 8 marks)

68. (a) Use the formulae for sin (A B), with A = 3x and B = x, to show that 2 sin x cos 3x
can be written as sin px sin qx, where p and q are positive integers.
(3)
Chigwell School 38
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find

dx x x 3 cos sin 2
.
(2)

(c) Hence find the exact value of

6
5
2
3 cos sin 2

dx x x
(2)
(Total 7 marks)

69. (a) Use integration by parts to show that
(

,
_

+ x x x d
6
cosec
2

= x cot

,
_

+
6

x
+ ln
1
]
1

,
_

+
6
sin

x
+ c,
6

< x <
3

.
(3)

(b) Solve the differential equation
sin
2

,
_

+
6

x
x
y
d
d
= 2xy(y + 1)
to show that
1
ln
2
1
+ y
y
= xcot

,
_

+
6

x
+ ln
1
]
1

,
_

+
6
sin

x
+ c.
(6)

Given that y = 1 when x = 0,
(c) find the exact value of y when x =
12

.
(6)
(Total 15 marks)
Chigwell School 39
70.
x
y
C
1 3
( 1 , 2 )
y =
x
x
+ 1
O
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows part of the curve C with equation y =
x
x 1 +
, x > 0.
The finite region enclosed by C, the lines x = 1, x = 3 and the x-axis is rotated through 360
about the x-axis to generate a solid S.
(a) Using integration, find the exact volume of S.
(7)
Chigwell School 40
x
y
C
1 3
( 1 , 2 )
y =
x
x
+ 1
O
R
T
Figure 2
The tangent T to C at the point (1, 2) meets the x-axis at the point (3, 0). The shaded region R is
bounded by C, the line x = 3 and T, as shown in Figure 2.
(b) Using your answer to part (a), find the exact volume generated by R when it is rotated
through 360 about the x-axis.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

71. (a) Use integration by parts to find
x x x d 2 cos
(

.
(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find
x x x d cos
2
(

.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)

72. (a) Express
) 2 )( 3 2 (
3 5
+
+
x x
x
in partial fractions.
(3)
Chigwell School 41

(b) Hence find the exact value of
x
x x
x
d
) 2 )( 3 2 (
3 5
6
2
(

+
+
, giving your answer as a single
logarithm.
(5)
(Total 8 marks)

73. Use the substitution x = sin to find the exact value of
x
x
d
) 1 (
1
2
1
2
3
0
2
(

.
(Total 7 marks)

74.
x
y
R
0 0 . 2 0 . 4 0 . 6 0 . 8 1
The diagram shows the graph of the curve with equation
y = xe
2x
, x 0.
The finite region R bounded by the lines x = 1, the x-axis and the curve is shown shaded in the
diagram.
(a) Use integration to find the exact value of the area for R.
(5)
Chigwell School 42
(b) Complete the table with the values of y corresponding to x = 0.4 and 0.8.
x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
y = xe
2x
0 0.29836 1.99207 7.38906
(1)

(c) Use the trapezium rule with all the values in the table to find an approximate value for
this area, giving your answer to 4 significant figures.
(4)

75.
y
O 2
x
The curve with equation,
2 0 ,
2
sin 3 x
x
y
, is shown in the figure above. The finite
region enclosed by the curve and the x-axis is shaded.
(a) Find, by integration, the area of the shaded region.
(3)

This region is rotated through 2 radians about the x-axis.
(b) Find the volume of the solid generated.
(6)
(Total 9 marks)
Chigwell School 43
76.
y
O x 1
The figure above shows a sketch of the curve with equation y = (x 1) ln x, x > 0.
(a) Complete the table with the values of y corresponding to x = 1.5 and x = 2.5.
x 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
y 0 ln 2 2ln 3
(1)

Given that

3
1
d ln ) 1 ( x x x I
(b) use the trapezium rule
(i) with values of y at x = 1, 2 and 3 to find an approximate value for I to 4 significant
figures,
(ii) with values of y at x = 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 to find another approximate value for I to
4 significant figures.
(5)

(c) Explain, with reference to the figure above, why an increase in the number of values
improves the accuracy of the approximation.
(1)

(d) Show, by integration, that the exact value of

3
1
2
3
3 ln is d ln ) 1 ( x x x
.
(6)
(Total 13 marks)
Chigwell School 44
77. Using the substitution u
2
= 2x 1, or otherwise, find the exact value of

5
1
d
) 1 2 (
3
x
x
x
(Total 8 marks)

78.
y x = e
x
R
O x
y
1 3
The figure above shows the finite shaded region, R, which is bounded by the curve
y = xe
x
, the line x = 1, the line x = 3 and the x-axis.
The region R is rotated through 360 degrees about the x-axis.
Use integration by parts to find an exact value for the volume of the solid generated.
(Total 8 marks)
Chigwell School 45
79.
Figure 1
y
1
4
1
2
x
0
The curve with equation
( ) 2
1
,
2 1 3
1
>
+
x
x
y
, is shown in Figure 1.
The region bounded by the lines
2
1
,
4
1
x x
, the x-axis and the curve is shown shaded in
Figure 1.
This region is rotated through 360 degrees about the x-axis.

(a) Use calculus to find the exact value of the volume of the solid generated.
(5)

Figure 2
B
A
Figure 2 shows a paperweight with axis of symmetry AB where AB = 3 cm. A is a point on the
top surface of the paperweight, and B is a point on the base of the paperweight.
The paperweight is geometrically similar to the solid in part (a).
(b) Find the volume of this paperweight.
(2)
(Total 7 marks)

Chigwell School 46
80.
( )
. d e
5
0
1 3
x I
x

(a) Given that y = e

(3x+1)
, complete the table with the values of y corresponding to x = 2,
3 and 4.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y
e
1
e
2
e
4
(2)

(b) Use the trapezium rule, with all the values of y in the completed table, to obtain an
estimate for the original integral I, giving your answer to 4 significant figures.
(3)

(c) Use the substitution t = (3x + 1) to show that I may be expressed as

b
a
t
t kte d
, giving the
values of a, b and k.
(5)

(d) Use integration by parts to evaluate this integral, and hence find the value of I correct to 4
significant figures, showing all the steps in your working.
(5)
(Total 15 marks)

81. Use the substitution u = 2
x
to find the exact value of
( )

+
1
0
2
. d
1 2
2
x
x
x
(Total 6 marks)

82. (a) Find

. d 2 cos x x x
.
(4)
Chigwell School 47
(b) Hence, using the identity

x x x x x d cos deduce , 1 cos 2 2 cos

2 2
.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)

83.
( )
( )( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1 4 2
2

+
+
+
+
+
x
C
x
B
A
x x
x
(a) Find the values of the constants A, B and C.
(4)

(b) Hence show that the exact value of
( )
( )( )
x
x x
x
d
1 2 1 2
1 4 2
2
1
2

+
+
is 2 + ln k, giving the value of
the constant k.
(6)
(Total 10 marks)

84.
y
1
O a
b x
The curve shown in the diagram above has equation
) 1 2 (
1
+

x
y
. The finite region bounded by
the curve, the x-axis and the lines x = a and x = b is shown shaded in the diagram. This region is
rotated through 360 about the x-axis to generate a solid of revolution.
Find the volume of the solid generated. Express your answer as a single simplified fraction, in
terms of a and b.
(Total 5 marks)

Chigwell School 48
85. (i) Find

,
_

x
x
d
2
1n
.
(4)
(ii) Find the exact value of

2
4
2
d sin

x
.
(5)
(Total 9 marks)

86. (a) Use integration by parts to find
x x
x
d e

.
(3)

(b) Hence find
x x
x
d e
2

.
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

87. On separate diagrams, sketch the curves with equations
(a) y = arcsin x, 1 x 1,

(b) y = sec x,
3

x
3

, stating the coordinates of the end points

of your curves in each case.
(4)
Use the trapezium rule with five equally spaced ordinates to estimate the area of the
region bounded by the curve with equation y = sec x, the x-axis and the lines x =
3

and
x =
3

, giving your answer to two decimal places.

(4)
(Total 8 marks)
Chigwell School 49
88. In an experiment a scientist considered the loss of mass of a collection of picked leaves. The
mass M grams of a single leaf was measured at times t days after the leaf was picked.
The scientist attempted to find a relationship between M and t. In a preliminary model she
assumed that the rate of loss of mass was proportional to the mass M grams of the leaf.
(a) Write down a differential equation for the rate of change of mass of the leaf, using
this model.
(2)

(b) Show, by differentiation, that M = 10(0.98)
t
satisfies this differential equation.
(2)
Further studies implied that the mass M grams of a certain leaf satisfied a modified differential
equation
10
t
M
d
d
= k(10M 1), (I)
where k is a positive constant and t 0.
Given that the mass of this leaf at time t = 0 is 10 grams, and that its mass at time t = 10 is 8.5
grams,

(c) solve the modified differential equation (I) to find the mass of this leaf at time t = 15.
(9)
(Total 13 marks)
Chigwell School 50
89.
y
O
x
2
1 0
1 0
1 2
The diagram above shows the cross-section of a road tunnel and its concrete surround. The
curved section of the tunnel is modelled by the curve with equation y = 8

,
_

10
sin
x
, in the
interval 0 x 10. The concrete surround is represented by the shaded area bounded by the
curve, the x-axis and the lines x = 2, x = 12 and y = 10. The units on both axes are metres.
(a) Using this model, copy and complete the table below, giving the values of y to 2 decimal
places.
x 0 2 4 6 8 10
y 0 6.13 0
(2)
The area of the cross-section of the tunnel is given by
x y d
10
0
(

.
(b) Estimate this area, using the trapezium rule with all the values from your table.
(4)
(c) Deduce an estimate of the cross-sectional area of the concrete surround.
(1)
(d) State, with a reason, whether your answer in part (c) over-estimates or under-estimates
the true value.
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Chigwell School 51
90.
y
x
O
R

The diagram above shows part of the curve with equation
y = e
x
cos x, 0 x
2

.
The finite region R is bounded by the curve and the coordinate axes.
(a) Calculate, to 2 decimal places, the y-coordinates of the points on the curve where x = 0,
6

,
3

and
2

.
(3)

(b) Using the trapezium rule and all the values calculated in part (a), find an approximation
for the area of R.
(4)
Chigwell School 52
(c) State, with a reason, whether your approximation underestimates or overestimates the
area of R.
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

91.
x
y
O
C
5
The figure above shows part of the curve C with equation
. 1 e
2
06 . 0

x
y
The shaded region
bounded by C, the x-axis and the line with equation x = 5 represents the cross-section of a
skateboarding ramp. The units on each axis are in metres.
(a) Complete the table, showing the height y of the ramp. Give the values of y to 3 decimal
places.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 0 0.062 0.716
(3)

(b) Use the trapezium rule, with all the values from your table, to estimate the area of cross-
section of the ramp.
(4)

The ramp is made of concrete and is 6 m wide.
(c) Calculate an estimate for the volume of concrete required to make the ramp.
(1)
Chigwell School 53
(d) A builder makes the amount of concrete calculated in part (c). State, with a reason,
whether or not there is enough concrete to make the ramp.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

92. (a) Given that y = sec x, complete the table with the values of y corresponding to
.
4
and
8
,
16

x
x 0
16

16
3
4

y 1 1.20269
(2)

(b) Use the trapezium rule, with all the values for y in the completed table, to obtain an
estimate for

4
0
d sec

x x
. Show all the steps of your working, and give your answer to 4
decimal places.
(3)

The exact value of

4
0
d sec

x x
is ln(1 + 2).
(c) Calculate the % error in using the estimate you obtained in part (b).
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Chigwell School 54
93.
y
x
O
R
4
The diagram above shows part of the curve with equation y = (tanx). The finite region R,
which is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the line
4

x
, is shown shaded in the diagram.

(a) Given that y = (tanx), complete the table with the values of y corresponding to
16
3
and
8
,
16

x
, giving your answers to 5 decimal places.
x 0
16

16
3
4

y 0 1
(3)

(b) Use the trapezium rule with all the values of y in the completed table to obtain an
estimate for the area of the shaded region R, giving your answer to 4 decimal places.
(4)

The region R is rotated through 2 radians around the x-axis to generate a solid of revolution.
(c) Use integration to find an exact value for the volume of the solid generated.
(4)
(Total 11 marks)
Chigwell School 55
94.
R
x
O
y
The curve shown in the diagram above has equation y = e
x
(sinx), 0 x . The finite region R
bounded by the curve and the x-axis is shown shaded in the diagram.

(a) Complete the table below with the values of y corresponding to
2
and
4

x
, giving
your answers to 5 decimal places.
x 0
4

4
3

y 0 8.87207 0
(2)

(b) Use the trapezium rule, with all the values in the completed table, to obtain an estimated
for the area of the region R. Give your answers to 4 decimal places.
(4)
(Total 6 marks)

95. The points A, B and C have position vectors 2i + j + k, 5i + 7j + 4k and i j respectively,
relative to a fixed origin O.
(a) Prove that the points A, B and C lie on a straight line l.
(4)
The point D has position vector 2i + j 3 k.
Chigwell School 56
(b) Find the cosine of the acute angle between l and the line OD.
(3)
The point E has position vector 3j k.
(c) Prove that E lies on l and that OE is perpendicular to OD.
(4)
(Total 11 marks)

96. The line
1
l
has vector equation

,
_

,
_

4
2
4
6
5
11
r
, where is a parameter.
The line
2
l
has vector equation

,
_

,
_

5
1
7
13
4
24
r
, where is a parameter.

(a) Show that the lines l
1
and l
2
intersect.
(4)
(b) Find the coordinates of their point of intersection.
(2)
Given that is the acute angle between l
1
and l
2
,

(c) Find the value of cos . Give your answer in the form k
3
, where k is a simplified
fraction.
(4)
(Total 10 marks)
Chigwell School 57
97. Referred to a fixed origin O, the points A and B have position vectors (i + 2j 3k) and
(5i 3j) respectively.
(a) Find, in vector form, an equation of the line l
1
which passes through A and B.
(2)
The line l
2
has equation r = (4i 4j + 3k) + (i 2j + 2k), where is a scalar parameter.
(b) Show that A lies on l
2
.
(1)
(c) Find, in degrees, the acute angle between the lines l
1
and l
2
.
(4)
The point C with position vector (2i k) lies on l
2
.
(d) Find the shortest distance from C to the line l
1
.
(4)

98. Relative to a fixed origin O, the point A has position vector 3i + 2j k, the point B has position
vector 5i + j + k, and the point C has position vector 7i j.
(a) Find the cosine of angle ABC.
(4)
(b) Find the exact value of the area of triangle ABC.
(3)
The point D has position vector 7i + 3k.

(c) Show that AC is perpendicular to CD.
(2)
(d) Find the ratio AD : DB.
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
Chigwell School 58
99. The equations of the lines l
1
and l
2
are given by
l
1
: r = i + 3j + 5k + (i + 2j k),
l
2
: r = 2i + 3j 4k + (2i + j + 4k),
where and are parameters.

(a) Show that l
1
and l
2
intersect and find the coordinates of Q, their point of intersection.
(6)

(b) Show that l
1
is perpendicular to l
2
.
(2)

The point P with x-coordinate 3 lies on the line l
1
and the point R with x-coordinate 4 lies on the
line l
2
.
(c) Find, in its simplest form, the exact area of the triangle PQR.
(6)
(Total 14 marks)

100. Relative to a fixed origin O, the vector equations of the two lines l
1
and l
2
are
l
1
: r = 9i + 2j + 4k + t(8i 3j + 5k),
and
l
2
: r = 16i + j + 10k + s(i 4j + 9k),
where is a constant.
The two lines intersect at the point A.
(a) Find the value of .
(6)

(b) Find the position vector of the point A.
(1)
Chigwell School 59
(c) Prove that the acute angle between l
1
and l
2
is 60.
(5)

Point B lies on l
1
and point C lies on l
2
. The triangle ABC is equilateral with sides of length
142.
(d) Find one of the possible position vectors for the point B and the corresponding position
vector for the point C.
(4)
(Total 16 marks)

101. Relative to a fixed origin O, the point A has position vector 5j + 5k and the point B has position
vector 3i + 2j k.
(a) Find a vector equation of the line L which passes through A and B.
(2)

The point C lies on the line L and OC is perpendicular to L.
(b) Find the position vector of C.
(5)

The points O, B and A, together with the point D, lie at the vertices of parallelogram OBAD.
(c) Find, the position vector of D.
(2)

(d) Find the area of the parallelogram OBAD.
(4)
(Total 13 marks)
Chigwell School 60
102. The points A and B have position vectors 5j + 11k and ci + dj + 21k respectively, where c and d
are constants.
The line l, through the points A and B, has vector equation r = 5j + 11k + (2i + j + 5k), where
is a parameter.
(a) Find the value of c and the value of d.
(3)

The point P lies on the line l, and
OP
is perpendicular to l, where O is the origin.
(b) Find the position vector of P.
(6)

(c) Find the area of triangle OAB, giving your answer to 3 significant figures.
(4)
(Total 13 marks)

103. The line l
1
has vector equation
r =

,
_

2
1
3
+

,
_

4
1
1
and the line l
2
has vector equation
r =

,
_

2
4
0
+

,
_

0
1
1
,
where and are parameters.
The lines l
1
and l
2
intersect at the point B and the acute angle between l
1
and l
2
is .
(a) Find the coordinates of B.
(4)

(b) Find the value of cos , giving your answer as a simplified fraction.
(4)

Chigwell School 61
The point A, which lies on l
1
, has position vector a = 3i + j + 2k.
The point C, which lies on l
2
, has position vector c = 5i j 2k.
The point D is such that ABCD is a parallelogram.
(c) Show that
AB
=
BC
.
(3)

(d) Find the position vector of the point D.
(2)
(Total 13 marks)

104. The point A, with coordinates (0, a, b) lies on the line l
1
, which has equation
r = 6i + 19j k + (i + 4j 2k).
(a) Find the values of a and b.
(3)

The point P lies on l
1
and is such that OP is perpendicular to l
1
, where O is the origin.
(b) Find the position vector of point P.
(6)

Given that B has coordinates (5, 15, 1),
(c) show that the points A, P and B are collinear and find the ratio AP : PB.
(4)
(Total 13 marks)

105. The points A and B have position vectors i j + pk and 7i + qj + 6k respectively, where p and q
are constants.
The line l
1
, passing through the points A and B, has equation
r = 9i + 7j + 7k + 7k + (2i + 2j + k), where is a parameter.
(a) Find the value of p and the value of q.
(4)
Chigwell School 62
(b) Find a unit vector in the direction of
AB
.
(2)

A second line l
2
has vector equation
r = 3i + 2j + 3k + (2i + j + 2k), where is a parameter.
(c) Find the cosine of the acute angle between l
1
and l
2
.
(3)

(d) Find the coordinates of the point where the two lines meet.
(5)
(Total 14 marks)

106. The line l
1
has vector equation
r = 8i + 12j + 14k + (i + j k),
where is a parameter.
The point A has coordinates (4, 8, a), where a is a constant. The point B has coordinates
(b, 13, 13), where b is a constant. Points A and B lie on the line l
1
.
(a) Find the values of a and b.
(3)

Given that the point O is the origin, and that the point P lies on l
1
such that OP is perpendicular
to l
1
(b) find the coordinates of P.
(5)

(c) Hence find the distance OP, giving your answer as a simplified surd.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Chigwell School 63
107. The point A has position vector a = 2i +2j + k and the point B has position vector b = i + j 4k,
relative to an origin O.
(a) Find the position vector of the point C, with position vector c, given by
c = a + b.
(1)

(b) Show that OACB is a rectangle, and find its exact area.
(6)

The diagonals of the rectangle, AB and OC, meet at the point D.
(c) Write down the position vector of the point D.
(1)

(d) Find the size of the angle ADC.
(6)
(Total 14 marks)

108. The line l
1
has equation
.
0
1
1
1
0
1

,
_

,
_

r
The line l
2
has equation

,
_

,
_

1
1
2
6
3
1
r
.

(a) Show that l
1
and l
2
do not meet.
(4)
Chigwell School 64
The point A is on l
1
where = 1, and the point B is on l
2
where = 2.
(b) Find the cosine of the acute angle between AB and l
1
.
(6)
(Total 10 marks)

109. The points A and B have position vectors 2i + 6j k and 3i + 4j + k respectively.
The line l
1
passes through the points A and B.
(a) Find the vector
AB
(2)

(b) Find a vector equation for the line l
1
.
(2)

A second line l
2
passes through the origin and is parallel to the vector i + k. The line l
1
meets
the line l
2
at the point C.
(c) Find the acute angle between l
1
and l
2
.
(3)

(d) Find the position vector of the point C.
(4)
(Total 11 marks)

110. With respect to a fixed origin O, the lines l
1
and l
2
are given by the equations
l
1
: r = (9i + 10k) + (2i + j k)
l
2
: r = (3i + j + 17k) + (3i j + 5k)
where and are scalar parameters.
(a) Show that l
1
and l
2
meet and find the position vector of their point of intersection.
(6)
Chigwell School 65
(b) Show that l
1
and l
2
are perpendicular to each other.
(2)

The point A has position vector 5i + 7j + 3k.
(c) Show that A lies on l
1
.
(1)

The point B is the image of A after reflection in the line l
2
.
(d) Find the position vector of B.
(3)
(Total 12 marks)

111. Liquid is poured into a container at a constant rate of 30 cm
3
s

1
. At time t seconds liquid is
leaking from the container at a rate of
15
2
V cm
3
s

1
, where V cm
3
is the volume of liquid in the
container at that time.
(a) Show that
15
t
V
d
d
= 2V 450.
(3)
Given that V = 1000 when t = 0,
(b) find the solution of the differential equation, in the form V = f(t).
(7)
(c) Find the limiting value of V as t .
(1)
(Total 11 marks)
Chigwell School 66
112. Fluid flows out of a cylindrical tank with constant cross section. At time t minutes, t 0, the
volume of fluid remaining in the tank is V m
3
. The rate at which the fluid flows, in m
3
min

1
, is
proportional to the square root of V.
(a) Show that the depth h metres of fluid in the tank satisfies the differential equation
t
h
d
d
= k h, where k is a positive constant.
(3)

(b) Show that the general solution of the differential equation may be written as
h = (A Bt)
2
, where A and B are constants.
(4)
Given that at time t = 0 the depth of fluid in the tank is 1 m, and that 5 minutes later the depth of
fluid has reduced to 0.5 m,
(c) find the time, T minutes, which it takes for the tank to empty.
(3)
(d) Find the depth of water in the tank at time 0.5T minutes.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)

113. A spherical balloon is being inflated in such a way that the rate of increase of its volume, V cm
3
,
with respect to time t seconds is given by
t
V
d
d
=
V
k
, where k is a positive constant.
Given that the radius of the balloon is r cm, and that V =
3
4
r
3
,
(a) prove that r satisfies the differential equation
t
r
d
d
=
5
r
B
, where B is a constant.
(4)

(b) Find a general solution of the differential equation obtained in part (a).
(3)
Chigwell School 67
When t = 0 the radius of the balloon is 5 cm, and when t = 2 the radius is 6 cm.
(c) Find the radius of the balloon when t = 4. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
(5)
(Total 12 marks)

114. Liquid is pouring into a container at a constant rate of 20 cm
3
s
1
and is leaking out at a rate
proportional to the volume of the liquid already in the container.
(a) Explain why, at time t seconds, the volume, V cm
3
, of liquid in the container satisfies the
differential equation
t
V
d
d
= 20 kV,
where k is a positive constant.
(2)

The container is initially empty.
(b) By solving the differential equation, show that
V = A + Be
kt
,
giving the values of A and B in terms of k.
(6)

Given also that
t
V
d
d
= 10 when t = 5,
(c) find the volume of liquid in the container at 10 s after the start.
(5)
(Total 13 marks)
Chigwell School 68
115.
At time t seconds the length of the side of a cube is x cm, the surface area of the cube
is S cm
2
, and the volume of the cube is V cm
3
.
The surface area of the cube is increasing at a constant rate of 8 cm
2
s
1
.
Show that
(a)
,
d
d
x
k
t
x

where k is a constant to be found,

(4)
(b)
3
1
2
d
d
V
t
V

(4)

Given that V = 8 when t = 0,
(c) solve the differential equation in part (b), and find the value of t when V = 162.
(7)
(Total 15 marks)

116. The rate of decrease of the concentration of a drug in the blood stream is proportional to the
concentration C of the drug, which is present at that time. The time t is measured in hours from
the administration of the drug and C is measured in micrograms per litre.
(a) Show that this process is described by the differential equation
,
d
d
kC
t
C

explaining why k is a positive constant.
(1)

(b) Find the general solution of the differential equation, in the form C = f(t).
(3)
Chigwell School 69
After 4 hours, the concentration of the drug in the blood stream is reduced to 10% of its starting
value C
0
.
(c) Find the exact value of k.
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

117. (a) Express
( ) ( ) 3 2 1
1 2

x x
x
in partial fractions.
(3)

(b) Given that x 2, find the general solution of the differential equation
(2x 3)(x 1)
x
y
d
d
= (2x 1)y.
(5)

(c) Hence find the particular solution of this differential equation that satisfies y = 10 at x =
2, giving your answer in the form y = f(x).
(4)
(Total 12 marks)

118. A population growth is modelled by the differential equation
,
d
d
kP
t
P

where P is the population, t is the time measured in days and k is a positive constant.
Given that the initial population is P
0
,

(a) solve the differential equation, giving P in terms of P
0
, k and t.
(4)
Chigwell School 70
Given also that k = 2.5,
(b) find the time taken, to the nearest minute, for the population to reach 2P
0
.
(3)

In an improved model the differential equation is given as
, cos
d
d
t P
t
P

where P is the population, t is the time measured in days and is a positive constant.
Given, again, that the initial population is P
0
and that time is measured in days,
(c) solve the second differential equation, giving P in terms of P
0
, and t.
(4)

Given also that = 2.5,
(d) find the time taken, to the nearest minute, for the population to reach 2P
0
for the first
time, using the improved model.
(3)
(Total 14 marks)

119. Liquid is pouring into a large vertical circular cylinder at a constant rate of 1600 cm
3
s
1
and is
leaking out of a hole in the base, at a rate proportional to the square root of the height of the
liquid already in the cylinder. The area of the circular cross section of the cylinder is 4000 cm
2
.
(a) Show that at time t seconds, the height h cm of liquid in the cylinder satisfies the
differential equation
h k
t
h
4 . 0
d
d
, where k is a positive constant.
(3)

When h = 25, water is leaking out of the hole at 400 cm
3
s
1
.
(b) Show that k = 0.02
(1)
Chigwell School 71
(c) Separate the variables of the differential equation
h
t
h
02 . 0 4 . 0
d
d

,
to show that the time taken to fill the cylinder from empty to a height of 100 cm is given
by

100
0
. d
20
50
h
h
(2)

Using the substitution h = (20 x)
2
, or otherwise,
(d) find the exact value of

100
0
. d
20
50
h
h
(6)

(e) Hence find the time taken to fill the cylinder from empty to a height of 100 cm, giving
your answer in minutes and seconds to the nearest second.
(1)
(Total 13 marks)

120. (a) Express
2
4
2
y
in partial fractions.
(3)

(b) Hence obtain the solution of
) 4 (
d
d
cot 2
2
y
x
y
x
for which y = 0 at
3

x
, giving your answer in the form sec
2
x = g(y).
(8)
(Total 11 marks)
Chigwell School 72