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INTRODUCTION
The proposed development is located at Sian Tuan Avenue (Bukit Timah Planning Area). The project involves the construction of 2 storey semi detached dwelling house with an attic. It comprising of a lap pool, household shelter, and open terrace at attic level.

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA

2 .1 Sc ope of S pe ci fi ca ti on
This specification defines the design criteria used by the Consultants in the design of the Works. These criteria shall be used by the Contractor in any proposed re-design, shop drawings, temporary works, etc. as appropriate.

2.2 Design Codes

(Note : BS = British Standard) ( CP = British Standard Code of Practice) The Building Control (Construction Regulations, 1989) BS 5950 BS 5930 BS 6031 The Use of Structural Steel in Building, Part 1 Site Investigation Earthworks

BS 8004 / CP 4 - Foundations BS 8110 CP 65 Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete Design Loading for Building, Part 1 Wind Loading, Part 2 Wind Loading : Chapter V Part 2

BS 6399 BS 6399 CP 3 -

Code of Practice for Fire Protection in building (2002)

2.3

Atmospheric Conditions
Refer to BS 6399 Wind Loading, Part 2: 1997 Basic wind speed (3 sec, gust) Wind speed factors : S1 S2 S3 = = = = 32.0 m/sec 1.0 Ground Roughness Zone C (B3) 1.0

Rainfall intensity = 150mm/hr

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2.4

Geophysical Conditions
Ground strata Ground water table = = Refer to Soil Investigation Report. Refer to Soil Investigation Report.

2.5

Dead Loading
(Refer to the Building Control (Construction) Regulations) (a) Floors Weight of floor slabs and finishes are determined from the architectural drawings and Schedule of Finishes, using the following unit weights: Concrete Sand/cement screed Light weight screed Soil Timber (b) Walls and Partitions Floors and beams are designed to carry walls and partitions in the position shown on the architectural drawings, using the following unit weights: Brickwork Brickwork Alum louvers 115mm 230mm = = = 3.0 kN/m2 5.6 kN/m2 1.0 kN/m2 = = = = = 24 kN/m 3 20 kN/m 3 14 kN/m 3 20 kN/m 3 10 kN/m 3

2.6 2.6.1

Imposed Loading Superimposed dead loads:

Suspended ceiling & Services = 0.5 kN/m2 Floor Finishes = 1.2 kN/m2 Floor Finishes = 3.0 kN/m2 (inclusive of water-proofing and protective screed and/or insulation)

2.6.2

Superimposed live loads:

Living Room/Dining/Bedroom Staircase Store Garage Terrace /Atrium Pool Deck M&E Pump Room (or the actual M&E equipment weight) Flat Roof (non-accessible) Pitched Roof Balancing Tank (as per M&E requirements) = = = = = = = = = 1.5 kN/m2 1.5 kN/m2 3.0 kN/m2 2.5 kN/m2 3.0 kN/m2 3.0 kN/m2 7.5 kN/m2 1.5 kN/m2 0.75 kN/m 2

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All areas usage not specified shall follow the correct edition of Codes and Building Regulations.

2.7

Fire Protection Requirements

[Refer to Fire Precautions for Building, 2002] Required Fire Rating for all structural elements = two hours.

2.8

Reinforced Concrete
Concrete Grade Deformed bar Reinforcement Mild Steel = 35 N/mm2 = 460 N/mm 2 = 250 N/mm 2

(a)

R.C. Floor Slabs Minimum slab thickness Minimum cover reinforcement - Internal - Earth face (cast against blinding) R.C. Beams Minimum beam width Minimum cover to reinforcement - Typical - Earth face R.C. Columns Minimum column dimension - Half exposed - Full exposed Minimum cover to reinforcement - Typical - Earth face

= = =

125mm 25mm 40mm

(b)

= = =

200mm 35mm 50mm

(c)

= =

200mm 300mm

= =

35mm 50mm

(d)

R.C. Walls Minimum cover to reinforcement - Typical - Earth face Footings/Pilecaps Minimum cover to reinforcement

= =

35mm 50mm

(e)

50mm

2.9

Structural Steelwork
The structural steelwork used shall be generally mild steel sections of Grade S275 or S355 in accordance with BS 4360. Design Strength of Steeel Member, py Welding electrode E43 = = 275/355 N/mm 2 220 N/mm 2

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2.10 Computer Software

(a) (b) (c) Staad Pro : SAFE : MS Excel : 3D finite element software for structural analysis 2D finite element software for structural analysis In-house spreadsheets to facilitate various designs

3
3.1

STRUCTURAL SUMMARY
SUPER STRUCTURE
The structural system of the proposed development would generally be a combination of cast-in-situ concrete frame (beams/slabs, columns and walls).

3.2

FOUNDATION
Precast RC jackin pile foundation is adopted to transfer the structural loads to competent ground.

3.3

ST ABILIT Y
The stability of the proposed structures is provided by the robustness of the structural elements which shall be effectively tied together in the longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions.

GROUPING OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

Due to different loading requirements and architectural layouts, majority of the structural elements are individually designed. The key elements include all the columns, walls, flat slabs and beams. These elements are as shown on the general floor layout plans.