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Transferal of authors opinion upon his/her responder Sympathy to manipulate audiences humane nature Effective portrayal and insight into contrasting perspectives

Conflicting perspectives Humanity and the natural world Cultural perspectives Individual in their culture Inner conflict Truth and justice

Foreshadowing - The environment Five thousand damp souls The weather has soaked into the people of San Piedro as it is divided into a microcosm; mini population within another one, basically by the fishermen, the Japs, the rest of the towns people. - Clues/hints - Courtroom drama Genre characters voice viewpoints through testimony - Emotive language Ishmaels mother says to him, You are your fathers son. Paralleling Ishmael Chambers with his father, suggesting that he must take the just course of action in reference to publishing the truth about the innocence of Kabuo, thus allowing moral righteousness to prevail. - Imagery of light foreshadows the truth about to be revealed , A dozen tall candles now lighting the courtroom Metaphor Snow Motif When the trial begins, San Piedro is in the middle of a snowstorm which continues through out the trial, the snow blurs, freezes, isolates and immobilizes impossible winter purity engulfs the whole island Pure/virtuous; Kabuo shows appreciation Destructive Masks real world, covers landscape Dualistic nature Conflicting metaphor Form Circular narrative/non-linear narrative : En medias res Heightens suspense o Rhetorical device: Enhances natural world & aids characterisation o Flashbacks o Framing o Limited point of view o Court case testimonies rd 3 person narration gives insight and makes the responder rely on Gutersons voice and is structured through an objective omniscient voice paralleled to the Judge of Kabuos trial who has no direct involvement but allow a hearing of various testimonies from witnesses to come to a valid judgement at the end. Environments/Functions of the different settings Events Characters Moods built through imagery and emotive language evoke the emotions of readers

The town of Amity Harbour Carl Heine a good man, crucial further down the novel to prove Kabuos innocence - Island works as controlling force isolated and contained figure presenting dangerous exposure to life-changing elemental forces of nature - Carl Heines physical strength was not enough to save him from the natural world - Whats more, the fact that Carl is a good man in accumulation with his past friendship with Kabuo eliminates the Kabuos murder to kill Carl which the jury are privy to. Strawberry Fields - Japanese - Etta Heine - Theyre Japs -> dehumanizing - American Dream

Cedar Forest -Ishmael + Hatsue - Secret The Cedar Tree protects Hatsue from metaphoric and literal storms. Sanctuary of tranquillity from prejudices A wall of honeysuckle just past blossom, salmonberries hanging in among it and a few last wild roses in blooming Cedar Tree; allegory decaying relationship A March stillness had seized everything the trees rotting deadwood, the leafless vine maple, the stones littering the ground Bleak setting The Sea - Carl Heines death - Kabuo - Fishermen, respect, etiquette - Natural world fate

West vs East culture -

Duty vs Desire

Internal vs External

Kabuo and Ishmael are driven by the values of their culture Kabuo shows no emotion within the trial Hatsue it taught the act of stillness and its importance in order to seek union with the Greater Life But inwardly Hatsue felt no serenity, her calm was a practice in disguise These determine their behaviour and responses to war, internment and imprisonment The values clash with the values of the Anglo community and are therefore wrongly misinterpreted, eg Kabuos blank face during the trial, even though he is faced with great uncertainty and moral strife during the trial Going to battle with a sword against rifles, knowing youre going to die. He began to feel objective of his face So how to explain his face to people (italics) Jury is privy to this Dramatic irony Hatsues cultural and family are her priorities Everything appears to be different what it was when I was with you in San Piedro.. I dont love you Ishmael. However, she has no choice due to the perspectives of her family/humanity, Put this hakujin boy away

Ishmael sees his relationship with Hatsue and selfishly doesnt want it to end. His loss (Hatsue) is something he struggles to deal with producing inner conflict and opposing Hatsue who is able to marry and move forward with her life. His loss of Hatsue seems worse then the loss of his arm, an impact of the war. He could not help but posses this unhappy perspective Ishmael and Hatsue speak about the ocean present contradiction o Ishmael: It goes forever wants to dissolve boundaries o Hatsue: It ends somewhere reasserts boundaries Accident ruled every corner of the universe except the chambers of the human heart Ishmael felt empty and never forgot about Hatsue not did he forget about all the times he had spent with her in the cedar tree

Publicly interracial relationships o Cedar Tree holds both sides

Kabuos trial - Multiple perspectives towards the trial she light on the problematic society - Functions as novels narrative frame Functions as governing metaphor (adding to thematic structure) The courtrooms symbolism interrelates the themes of injustice, fairness, responsibility and racism Bring the people together and allows conflicting perspectives to be voiced - Conflicting perspectives of Kabuos physical appearance and the damage affect of misinterpretation. Racism - Responsible for the internment of Kabuo, Hatsue and their families - For Kabuos loss of land - For the indictment for murder by Kabuo Etta Heines racism is ironic considering her German origins So dont you talk to me about Japs, you big Nazi son of a bitch We are not paupers to sell to the Japanese, are we? Use of Japs Her racism emerges unsympathetically

Affects of war Burden of war was ubiquitous American fear of Japs Ishmael and Kabuo scarred The war had elicited in him a persistent guilt that lay over his soul like a shadow Horace: coroner basis his opinion on his experience during the war Stick fighting Horace explained. Japs are trained in it from when they are kids. How to kill with sticks Ishmael is emotionally, mentally, socially, physically impacted He has seen insides of jaggedly ripped open people