w.c.

cheong 12
TOPIC 2: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS *paper 1
General Form(Bentuk Am) ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 To solve quadratic equation
x = variable(pembolehubah) factorisation completing the square using the formula
a, b, c = constants(pemalar) (pemfaktoran)(penyempurnaan kuasa dua)(rumus kuadratik)
chapter 2-mathematics
Completing the square
EXAMPLE 1 :
Solve x
2
+ 4x 5 = 0 by method of completing
the square.
make sure coefficient =+ 1(pekali =+ 1)
Answer : x
2
+ 4x 5 = 0
5
2
4
2
4
4
2 2
2
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + x x = 0
( ) ( ) 5 2 2 4
2 2 2
+ + x x = 0
(x + 2)
2
- 4 5 = 0
( x + 2 )
2
9 = 0
( x + 2)
2
= 9
x + 2 = 9
x + 2 = 3
x = -2 3
x = -2 3 @ x = -2 + 3
x = -5 @ 1
1. Solve x
2
+ 4x + 3 = 0 by method of
completing the square.




















[Ans : 1 , 3]
EXAMPLE 2 :
Solve x
2
6x + 3 = 0 by method of
completing the square. Give your answer
correct to 3 decimal places.

Answer : x
2
6x + 3 = 0
3
2
6
2
6
6
2 2
2
+ |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ x x = 0
( ) ( ) 3 3 3 6
2 2 2
+ + x x = 0
(x 3 )
2
- 9 + 3 = 0
( x - 2 )
2
6 = 0
( x + 2)
2
= 6
x + 2 = 6
x = -2 6
x = -2- 6 @ x = -2+ 6
x = -4.449 @ 0.449
2. Solve x
2
- 8x + 5 = 0 by method of
completing the square, give your answers correct
to 4 significant figures.























[Ans : 7.317, 0.6834]
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3. Solve x
2
2x 9 = 0 by completing the
square, give your answers correct to 4 significant
figures.
























[Ans : 2.162 , 4.162]
4. Solve x
2
+ 10x + 5 = 0 by method of
completing the square, give your answers correct
to 4 significant figures.
























[Ans : 0.5279, 9.472]
EXAMPLE 3 :
Solve x
2
3x 2 = 0 by method of
completing the square. Give your answer
correct to 4 significant figures.

Answer : x
2
3x 2 = 0
2
2
3
2
3
3
2 2
2
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ x x
= 0

2
4
9
2
3
2
|
.
|

\
|
x
= 0

2
2
3
|
.
|

\
|
x
-
4
17
= 0

2
2
3
|
.
|

\
|
x
=
4
17


4
17
2
3
= x

x =
2
17
2
3

x =
2
17
2
3

@ x =
2
17
2
3
+

x =
2
3
- 2.0616 @ x =
2
3
+ 2.0616
x = - 0.5616 @ 3.562
5. Solve x
2
+ 5x 4 = 0 by method of
completing the square. Give your answer
correct to 4 significant figures.























[Ans : 0.7016, -5.702]
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6. Solve x(2 + x) = 10 by method of completing
the square. Give your answer correct to 4
significant figures.























[Ans : 2.317 , -4.317]
EXAMPLE 4 :
Solve 2x
2
8x + 7 = 0 by completing the square.
Give your answer correct to 4 significant figures.

Answer : 2x
2
8x + 7 = 0
[ 2] x
2
4x +
2
7
= 0
0
2
7
2
4
2
4
4
2 2
2
= + |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ x x


( ) ( ) 0
2
7
2 2 4
2 2 2
= + + x x

( x - 2 )
2
4 +
2
7
= 0
( x 2 )
2
- = 0
( x 2 )
2
=
x 2 =
2
1

x = 2
2
1

x = 2
2
1
@ x = 2
2
1
+
x = 2 - 0.7071 @ x = 2 + 0.7071
x = 1.293 @ 2.707
7. Solve 2x
2
- 12x + 5 = 0 by method of
completing the square correct to two decimal
places.





















[Ans : 5.55 , 0.45]
8. Solve - x
2
4x + 1 = 0 by completing the
square correct to four decimal places.






















[Ans : 0.2361, -4.2361]
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9. Solve - x
2
7x + 3 = 0 by completing the
square correct to four decimal places.




























[Ans : -7.4051, 0.4051]
10. Solve -2x
2
+ 10x + 9 = 0 by method of
completing the square correct to two decimal
places.



























[Ans : -0.78 , 5.78]
Using the formula
a
ac b b
x
2
4
2

=

EXAMPLE 5 :
Solve 2x
2
8x + 7 = 0 by using formula. Give
your answer correct to 4 significant figures.

Answer : a = 2, b = -8 , c = 7
a
ac b b
x
2
4
2

=

) 2 ( 2
) 7 )( 2 ( 4 ) 8 ( ) 8 (
2

= x

4
8 8
= x

4
8 8
= x
@
4
8 8 +
= x

x = 1.293 @ 2.707

11. By using formula, solve 2x
2
- 12x + 5 = 0.
Give your answer correct to 4 significant figures.



















[Ans : 5.550, 0.4505]
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12. Solve x
2
4x = 2 by using formula. Give
your answer correct to 4 significant figures.



















[Ans : 4.449 , -0.4495]
EXAMPLE 6 :
Solve 2x(2 3x) = -5 by using formula, give
your answer correct to two decimal places.

Answer : 2x(2 3x) = -5
4x 6x
2
= -5
6x
2
4x 5 = 0
a = 6 , b = -4 , c = -5
a
ac b b
x
2
4
2

=

) 6 ( 2
) 5 )( 6 ( 4 ) 4 ( ) 4 (
2

= x

12
136 4
= x

12
136 4
= x
@
12
136 4 +
= x

x = -0.64 @ 1.31




13. By using formula, solve 3 x
2
= - 3(4x 3)
correct to two decimal places.

















[Ans: 0.52 , 11.48]
If the roots of a quadratic equation are and ,
x = @ x =
x = 0 @ x = 0
(x ) ( x ) = 0
x
2
x x + = 0
x
2
( + ) x + = 0
x
2
(sum of roots) x + (product of roots) = 0
hasil tambah punca hasil darab punca

EXAMPLE 7 :
Find the quadratic equation with roots 2 dan - 4.

Answer : x = 2 , x = - 4
x 2 = 0 @ x + 4 = 0
(x 2) ( x + 4) = 0
x
2
+ 4x 2x 8 = 0
x
2
+ 2x 8 = 0


14. Find the quadratic equation with roots
-3 dan 5.










[Ans : x
2
2x 15 = 0]
15. Find the quadratic equation with roots
- dan 6.










[Ans : 2x
2
11x 6 = 0]
Sum of roots=2+(-4)=-2 product of roots=2(-4)=-8
x
2
(-2)x + (- 8) = 0
x
2
+ 2x 8 = 0


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EXAMPLE 8 :
Given that the roots of the quadratic equation
2x
2
+ (p+1)x + q - 2 = 0 are -3 and . Find the
value of p and q.

Answer : x = -3 , x =
x + 3 = 0 @ 2x 1 = 0
(x + 3) ( 2x 1) = 0
2x
2
x + 6x 3 = 0
2x
2
+ 5x 3 = 0
Comparing with the original equation :
2x
2
+ (p+1)x + q - 2 = 0
2x
2
+ 5x 3 = 0
p + 1 = 5 , q - 2 = -3
p = 5 - 1 , q = -3 + 2
p = 4 , q = -1


16. Given that the roots of the quadratic equation
3x
2
+ kx + p 2 = 0 are 4 and - . Find k and p.















[Ans : k = -10 , p = -6]
17. The roots of the quadratic equation
2
15 16 0 x x m + + = are
and
3 5
k k
. Find the
value of k and of m .














[Ans : k = -2 , m = 4]

EXAMPLE 9 :
Determine the type of roots in x
2
- 5x + 4 = 0.

Answer : a = 1, b = -5, c = 4
b
2
4ac = (-5)
2
4(1)(4)
= 25 16
= 9 (>0)
x
2
- 5x + 4 = 0 had two different real roots.
18.Determine the type of roots in 3x
2
+ 6x + 3 = 0.







19.Determine the type of roots in 5x
2
- 10x +2 =0. 20.Determine the type of roots in -2x
2
+ 5x + 4 =0.









b
2
4ac > 0
2 different/distinct real roots
(2 punca berbeza)
a
ac b b
x
2
4
2

=
b
2
4ac = 0
2 equal real roots
(2 punca sama)
b
2
4ac < 0
no real roots
(tiada punca)

2 real roots (2 punca nyata)
b
2
4ac > 0 b
2
4ac 0
b
2
4ac = 0
w.c.cheong 18
EXAMPLE 10 :
Find the range of k if the quadratic equation
2x
2
+ x k = 0, k constant, has two distinct
roots.

Answer : a = 2, b = 1, c = -k
b
2
4ac > 0
(1)
2
4(2)(-k) > 0
1 + 8k > 0
8k > -1
make sure + k >
8
1


21. Find the range of k if the quadratic equation
(k+1)x
2
-3x +1 = 0, k constant, has two distinct
roots.











[Ans : k <
5
4
]
22. Find the range of k if the quadratic equation
x
2
+ 3 = k (x 1), k constant, has two distinct
roots.
















[Ans : k < -2 , k > 6]
23. The quadratic equation 9 + 4x
2
= px has equal
roots. Find the possible values of p.

















[Ans : p = -12 @ 12]
24. Find the range of p if the quadratic equation
x
2
+ px = 2p does not have real roots.



















[Ans : -8 < p < 0]
25. The roots of the quadratic equation
2x
2
+ 8 = (k 3)x are real and different.
Determine the range of values of k.
















[Ans : k < -5 , k > 11]
w.c.cheong 19
EXAMPLE 11 :
The roots of the quadratic equation
2x
2
+ px + q = 0 are - 6 and 3. Find
(a) p and q,
(b) range of values of k such that 2x
2
+ px + q =
k does not have real roots.

Answer : (a) x = -6 , x = 3
(x + 6) (x 3) = 0
x
2
- 3x + 6x - 18 = 0
Comparing : p = 6 , q = - 36
(b) 2x
2
+ 6x 36 = k
2x
2
+ 6x 36 k = 0
a = 2, b = 6, c = -36 k
b
2
4ac < 0
6
2
4(2)(-36 k) < 0
36 8(-36 k) < 0
36 + 288 + 8k < 0

26. The roots of the quadratic equation
2x
2
+ px + q = 0 are 2 and -3. Find
(a) p and q,
(b) the range of values of k such that
2x
2
+ px + q = k does not have real roots.













[Ans : p=2 ,q=-12 , k < -12]
EXAMPLE 12 :
and are the roots of the quadratic equation
3x
2
- 4x - 6 = 0. Form a quadratic equation with
roots
3
o
and
3
|
.

Answer : 3x
2
- 4x - 6 = 0
[ 3]: x
2
-
3
4
x - 2 = 0
x
2
(sum of roots) x + (product of roots) = 0
Sum of roots = + =
3
4

product of roots =
-2 =
Sum of roots =
3
o
+
3
|

=
3
1
( + )
=
3
1
(
3
4
)
=
9
4

x
2
(sum of roots) x + (product of roots) = 0
x
2

9
4
x + (
9
2
) = 0
9x
2
- 4x - 2 = 0
27. and are the roots of the quadratic equation
x
2
- 3x + 7 = 0. Form a quadratic equation with
roots 2 and 2.








[Ans : x
2
- 6x + 28 = 0]
28. and are the roots of the quadratic equation
2x
2
+ 2x - 5 = 0. Form a quadratic equation with
roots (-2) and ( -2).









[Ans : 2x
2
+ 10x + 7 = 0]
29. Given that and are the roots of the quadratic equation x
2
+ kx + 3 = 0, whereas 2 and 2 are
the roots of equation x
2
- 7x + m = 0. Calculate the possible values of k and m.





[Ans : k = -
2
7
, m = 12]

product of roots =
3
o

3
|

=
9
o|

=
9
2





324 + 8 k < 0
8 k < - 324
k < -
8
324

k < 40



x
2
+ 3x - 18 = 0
2x
2
+ 6x 36 = 0
2x
2
+ px + q = 0