Notes for Linear Motion CHEMICS---WALDING

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I. Linear Motionmotion in one straight line 1-D Can be horizontal or vertical (related to gravity) or both IIDistance vs. Displacement A. Distancelength between the final position of an object and its initial position Length traveled Measured in meters (m) ex. 5.0 m or 125 km Is a scalar (magnitude only, no direction or point of reference) Formula: d = df di B. Displacement: the distance between 2 objects, as well as the direction

Is a vector (magnitude and direction) Formula:

B. Velocity

ex. 5.0 m, East

125 km, 90

III. Speed vs. Velocity A...Speeddistance traveled over a given time interval (scalar) S = d/t Common Units: m/s or km/hr

Velocityspeed plus direction (a vector) Formula V = d/t Or V = d/t = (df di) / t

C. Types of velocity

Average velocitytotal distance divided by total time Instantaneous velocityvelocity at any given point in time Uniform Velocityno change in speedconstant
D. Graphing velocity distance (Y) vs. time (x)..slope is the velocity Upslope.speed Downslope speed Flat..no change in speed IV. Acceleration A..Accelerationchange in velocity for a given time interval (vector) B. Formula: Unit: m/s /s a = V/t or 2 or m/s or km/hr2 a = (Vf Vi) / (Tf Ti)

C. direction for acceleration + speeding up or can be negslowing down also called deceleration

D. Graphing acceleration: velocity (Y) vs. time (X) *slope is acceleration Upslope...+ acceleration *Downslope...deceleration Levelno acceleration (constant V) E. Constant velocityalso called uniform velocity

When there is no change in velocity,

then a=0

F. Gravityattraction between 2 heavenly bodies, causing them to acceleration toward each other All objects fall to the Earth with a constant rate of acceleration Ignoring air resistance (vacuum) Not dependent on mass, size, etc. of the falling object Earths gravity is 9.80 m/s2 OR - 32 ft/s2 V. Linear Motion formulas: A. Final V formula: Since a = (Vf Vi)/t then Vf Vi = at then Vf = Vi + at B. Uniform accelerationrate of acceleration is constant then the average velocity is the middle velocity V = (Vf + Vi) / 2 C. Distance formulaacc unknown ***just for uniform acceleration Since V = d/t then d/t = (Vf + Vi)/2 so d = (Vf + Vi) t D. Distance formulaVf unknown Since d = (Vf + Vi) t And Vf = Vi + at Then d = (Vi + at + Vi) t = (2 Vi +at) t 2 so, d = Vi t + at E. If time interval is not known Vf2 = Vi2 + 2ad VI. Independence of X & Y Horizontal and vertical motion are INDEPENDENT of each An object can fall (or lift) and move forward (or backward) at the same time ***Common variable is time

VI..Momentum A Momentum: the product of a systems mass and its linear velocity

p = m V

units: kg-m/s

or N-s

more massivemore momentum greater velocitymore momentumpicking up speed is a vector momentum provides inertia

BImpulse: the product of the force exerted on a system and the time interval in which it occurs

I = F t
how fast the force is applied is a vector

units: N-s

VII Law of Conservation of Momentum: the momentum of a closed, isolated system does not change mo can be created nor destroy, but can transfer from one system to another based on Newtons 3rd Law of Motion momentum and impulse have the same unit mo is transferred during a collision before PA + PB = = PA after + P B

MAVA + MBVB = MAVa + MBVB

***if the objects DO NOT interlock

MAVA + MBVB = MA+BVAB

***if the objects DO interlock