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Veerender Kumar
But it is not the only reason. But anyway, let us discuss it.
De-Industrialization of India
India had no demand for European goods & services because of many reasons; like: a. India had almost every product & service Indians needed; Britishers had very few things to offer b. British Goods were very costly c. They were of inferior quality d. They did not match with cultural taste & preferences of people So, there was great resentment in England that if this trade pattern will continue then despite parts of India being part of British colony; England will be never able to subjugate India for longer time. This resentment was led by Mercantilists. (explore more). Following policies were implemented in India a. Ban community level production of majority of the productions which can be potential threat to British production systems b. Physically dismantle the community production systems (like primitive factories) c. Impose tariffs at least 80% or more on Indian goods imported to England to make Indian imported goods non-competitive (because Indian goods were of better quality & extremely low cost. For example, an Indian shirt costed Rs 100 in England then a British made shirt costed at least Rs 160 or more. A tariff of 80% or more made Indian goods non-competitive).
De-Industrialization of India
d. Forcing Indian communities to produce preferably only in British factories. Adding to this, Indian producers or traders can sell their productions only to Britishers. Britishers did not pay even the subsistence cost. It forced extinction of majority of Indian production systems. e. Exports from India was made very costly by imposing high taxes on exports making it almost impossible. f. High excise duty within India so that even trade within diff parts of India became too costly. g. Dismantling of craft guilds, production unions and production associations (called mandals, panchayats & shrenies , , in India). These institutions took care of price, quality, standardization, organization of market, knowledge ownership & knowledge transfer. h. Many of the expert communities were even physically tortured & relocated so that they can disintegrate and their knowledge gets destroyed. i. Destroy all Indigenous knowledge & production system in India by any means. All of the above steps (along with many which r not listed) led to rapid de-industrialization of India forcing a large number of people to become homeless, jobless economically handicapped. The process of dismantling traditional institutions was so fast and intense that it led to several famines as soon as East India Company came to power. All the people who left manufacturing became a part of marginal farmers. Even the farmers were not spared, the total tax collection from farmers & manufacturers were upto 50% or more of their production.
De-Industrialization of India
Glimpse of stats Though majority of stats are not available or are available with India House England. Currently, it has been made a part of British India House Archives. However, many eminent people have tried to capture them. Notable ones are: British textile exports to India a. R C Dutt (Economic History of India) One can see the rate at b. Dadabhai Nairoji which Textile exports from England to India increased within a time span of 20 years. In 1813 a Parliamentary Committee was set-up to discuss the excesses in Indian Colony. The committee said that if these oppressive & discriminatory policies r not continued then factories of Manchester will close down and Britain will become importer of cheap Indian R C Dutt Economic History of India Page No 257 and nearby pages goods.
X X X X
There were competing knowledge & production systems in the world. Some of them got support & protection while some of them got prosecution. Those who were prosecuted died out while others flourished or survived. Indian was destroyed by British & never allowed even after independence to regain its lost opportunity.
Establish islands of Knowledge & Production Systems like IITs, Polytechniques, Heavy Industries, Scientific terminologies etc. Even over-emphasis on IT can be brought in this category
No social or industrial feedback loop; hence no/negligible innovation or creation of Indian Knowledge base
The Important Question is WHY India continued with the British Era policies of Knowledge & Production Systems?
Theory of Civilizations
Dharma
Individuals are independent & unique Individuals have their own discovery of Ideas Individuals should strive to integrate with Cosmic Ecosystem Hence ideas cant be copied or imposed Hence multiple ideas can peacefully co-exist Hence humans are integral part of nature
Monotheism
Ideas are universal Entire humanity has a single pathway, destiny Nature has no or negligible role Asia & Africa are uncivilized, Europe is the ultimate achievement of human civilization; so they must be colonized & civilized
Educated Indians/Intellectuals
Individuals are not significant, all of them follow the same universal path of evolution/development; Similarly Nations also follow the same linear path of development India will have & must have to follow the European/Western footsteps as any other nation as it is the only path
India will copy-paste European/Western knowledge systems, production systems, governance structures, education, healthcare etc.
India must develop its own knowledge systems, production systems, governance structure, healthcare, education etc.
Educated Indians/Liberals are on the controlling positions in media, govt & academia; hence they have forced India to follow the Western footsteps.
Disseminate it through education starting from Secondary (Basic Taleem) to University level
Disseminate imported Knowledge & Production Systems t through education starting from Diploma or Graduation level
Establish completely new industries & educational institutions with little or no connection with Traditional Knowledge & Production Systems
Mapping & standardization of traditional knowledge is very essential for making them economic & bringing people engaged in them out of poverty. The same applies to MSMEs. They together employ more than 90% Indians. We will discuss it in greater detail in following slides.
Branding, Optimization
Price of Product
Better bargaining, positioning Empowers innovation, Defines ownership Subsistence: Just survive
Knowledge component is missing in almost all traditional products/services and products & services of large number of MSMEs, hence their profit margins are minimal (5-12%) Traditional occupations & production systems are working at Subsistence level Since overwhelming majority of Indian workforce is engaged in traditional occupations & MSMEs which are working at subsistence level; hence they are economically & technologically handicapped
So, people are working but they do not get good returns because their work doesnt contain Knowledge Components.
Some painful stats: 1. 93% people are working in unorganized sector which mostly consists of MSMEs & traditional occupations including agriculture 2. Rest 7% people are working in organized sector doesnt mean that their work includes Knowledge Components but yes, they have better incomes
If we want to bring people out of poverty, we need to increase the share of Knowledge Components in their products/services.
But why has nobody done it so far? Because Intellectuals & educated people have always opposed it. They strongly advocate that there is nothing in India to be upgraded or improved. No knowledge in India exists which can be organized & standardized.
Process Mapping
Input-OutputProcess Mapping Clustering
Knowledge Transfer
Skill up-gradation Transfer to producers Transfer through Education
Location Mapping
Standardization
Traditional Knowledge & Production Systems and MSMEs Organize, Upgrade, Standardize Traditional Knowledge & Production Systems
Using latest information technologies and mobilization of sufficient resources, traditional KPS & MSMEs can be organized & standardized within a time period of 5 years or even lesser. It can be upgraded upto globally competitive level within next 5-10 years. It means that starting from where British destroyed us, we can rebuild India in only 15 years. All knowledge can be standardized in major Indian languages and disseminated in these languages so that this knowledge reaches out to maximum people and empowering them. Since, Indian languages r similar by their construct, it will be not very difficult at all. We dont need Greek or Latin based standardized knowledge; we can even develop our own language policies for standardization of KPS using Indian languages. It will help in national integration and elimination of language based politics. Recall each major language is spoken by crores of people which means that we have critical economic support for every language. This same KPS can b extended to South & South-East Asia because of similarities in these languages. It represents a
Disseminate it through education starting from Secondary (Basic Taleem) to University level
To Britain
British Government in India
British Governance structure which was designed for exploitation of people continued
money
money
Indian Citizens
Indian Citizens
Governance in India
If Nationalist view of civilization is being followed like that of Gandhis Dismantle the British Systems Re-establish & develop Indian Systems like village republics, decentralized governments, justice through consensus and reconciliation etc. Follow any Western model of Democracy or Communism; follow their legal systems, centralized government etc. If Western view of civilization is being followed Copy European Systems or continue British Systems
Contemporary India is following the footsteps of Europe as Intellectuals or Educated people want.
Why do we still follow the British System because Intellectuals & educated people want it to continue. Current system gives them a great advantage.
Agriculture
Healthcare
Organic
Chemical based
Chemical based
Emphasis on cure by impulsive suppression of disease (Allopathy) Cricket is being played because British n Maharajas played it
Emphasis on prevention by Emphasis on cure by impulsive better lifestyle & naturopathy suppression of disease (Ayurveda, Yoga etc.) (Allopathy) Kabaddi, Kho-kho, Kushti, Polo, Martial Arts, Chess Glamorous, government supported: Cricket, Hockey
Sports
Performing Arts
I have not done any comprehensive comparative study on these aspects, I m just enlisting the scope of understanding problems existing in India & their solution.
They have outsourced their job of thinking to intellectuals, educated people & politicians
It requires a critical thinking and multiple revision of the ppt to understand its purpose & soul.
I m not against educated or Intellectual people; but however I m against their racism (WEST IS BEST & UNIVERSAL).