SCIENCE SCIENCE

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Intensive

FOR FOR FORM 3 FORM 3 FOR FORM 3

SCIENCE INTENSIVE PROGRAMME FOR FROM 3 CHAPTER 2 : BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT SMK SUNGAI PASIR , O8OOO SUNGAI PETANI , KEDAH DARULAMAN. TEL : 04-421 1764 FAX : 422 0203 LAMAN WEB : WWW.SMKSP.COM

1 Human Blood Circulatory System is the transport

system which consists of heart, blood vessels and blood. Human Blood Circulatory System

5 The function of the heart is to pump blood to all parts of the body.

Heart

Blood Vessels

Blood

2 Functions of the human blood circulatory system : Transport useful substances : oxygen, nutrients, hormones and antibodies to all part of the body. Transport waste products : carbon dioxide, urea, excess water/mineral salts. 3 Human blood circulatory system act as a system of tubes with a pump (heart) and valves that ensure one-way flow of blood. 4 Blood flow in the human blood circulatory system can be divided into two paths : Pulmonary Circulation :
- Transports deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs - Transports oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

6 The valves prevent backflow of blood therefore ensures the blood flow in one direction. 7 Blood vessels are tubes in the body that channel blood. There are 3 types of blood vessel :
Characteristics Cross section
very thin(one -cell thick) Very slow Very low Artery Vein Capillary

Systemic Circulation
- Transports oxygenated blood and useful substances from heart to all parts of the body (except lungs) - Transports deoxygenated blood from all parts of the body (except lungs) to heart

Thickness of wall
Pulmonary Circulation (From heart to lungs and back to heart)

Thick Fast High

Thin Slow Low

Blood flow Blood pressure

8 Constituents of blood and their functions : Constituents of blood

Systemic Circulation (From heart to all parts of the body except lungs and back to heart)

Blood cells Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets

Plasma
Transport medium

Transport oxygen

Protect body

Helps blood clotting

9 The ABO System group human blood grouped into four groups called A, B, AB and O. 10 During blood transfusion, the donor's blood must be compatible with the recipient's blood to prevent blood agglutinate (clump together) and cause fatal blockage in the recipient's blood vessels.
Recipient's blood group Donor's blood group

16 Functions of the stomata :

Allow water vapour to diffuse during transpiration. Allow the exchange of gases during photosynthesis and respiration.

17 The size of the stoma is controlled by the guard cells.

O A B AB Compatibles

A X X

B X X

AB X X X

X Incompatibles Universal Donor

People with blood group O is able to donate blood to all the blood groups

18 Roles of transpiration : Helps in absorption and transportation of water and minerals in plants. Supplies water for photosynthesis Loses excess water Maintains freshness of plant cells. Cools the plant by evaporation during hot weather. 19 Factors that affect the rate of transpiration :
Factors Temperature Increase Air movement Increase Light intensity Increase Humidity Increase Rate of transpiration increase increase increase decrease

Universal Recipient
People with blood group AB is able to receive from all the blood groups

11 Blood donation needed for treatment of accident or surgery.

The donated blood (usually 450 ml /1 pint or less e.g.400 ml) can save the live of others.

12 The donated blood can be used either as unfiltered blood or separated into components :
Component Plasma Platelets Red Blood Cells Anaemia Bone marrow failure, Leukaemia Main uses Great loss of blood in surgery & chilbirth

20 The transport system in plants consists of xylem and phloem which are found in the leaves, stems and roots
To show the transport of water through xylem

13 Donated blood is collected in sterile plastic bags that contain an anticoagulant to prevent clotting as well as preservatives to keep the red blood cells alive. 14 Screening tests are performed for evidence of donor infection with hepatitis, AIDS and others sexual transmitted diseases.
To show the transport of synthesised food through phloem

15 Transpiration is a process of losing water (water vapour) from the plants.

Transpiration occurs through the stomata / stoma of the leaves