The Definition

Ecotourism is defined as "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people." (TIES, 1990)

Principles of Ecotourism
Ecotourism is about uniting conservation, communities, and sustainable travel. This means that those who implement and participate in ecotourism activities should follow the following ecotourism principles: Minimize impact. Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect. Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts. Provide direct financial benefits for conservation. Provide financial benefits and empowerment for local people. Raise sensitivity to host countries' political, environmental, and social climate.

AREA AFFECTED BY ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT.

The ecotourism development is always may leads to affect the Areas. The Areas which are like natural resources, natural attractions, Environmental degradation, economic instability, cultural distortions and excessive development. Natural Sites Natural sites are damaged or even destroyed for the fast development of Ecotourism. The human activities also damage the natural resources. The pollution will affect the natural resources. So, next time the natural sites have nothing to attract the visitors. To overcome this, these areas are prevented by the ecotourism development. Disturbing the natural impacts along with their artificial items. Increasing the development of natural based ecotourism, economists have to spend the more economic values for the protection of natural resources. Wetlands, rain forests are the natural resources for the local community. If the natural tourism is destroyed then the local communities are also spoiled.

Environmental Degradation Tourists are destroying the resources, when they are visit that places. Environmental Degradation happens in many ways like trail erosion, Trampled Vegetation, soil damage and litter. Changing the behavior of animals as migration, reproduction and eating habits. Soil damage will be

occurs by the walking. Deforestation will be the one of the cause of environmental degradation. Unsustainable Agricultural, urbanization and industrialization may leads to deforestation. Pollution from the different type of vehicles, factories are affecting the environment. Economic Instability Economic Instability will be occurs in the development of ecotourism. Natural disasters can easily destroy the infrastructure of the tourism places. That time, the tourism development spends the more money to reorganize the infrastructure. Spent the money on the public related companies instead of ecotourism. The international tourists were spending the more money rather than the local people. Ecotourism with itself having economic benefits along with their political and social benefits.

Crowding Crowding will be the problem of both natural sites and communities in the development of Ecotourism. The communities are stay at commercial centers for a long time. The residents have to stay for a longtime to take dinner at the local restaurants. This crowd will be the nuisance for the visitors. And the international tourists were disappointed while travelling a long distance. In the ecotourism the local communities are having negative impacts.

Excessive development If many number of tourists are visit the popular location, then the local entrepreneurs will arrange the lodging, restaurant and other facilities. Ecotourism development increases the tourism services like hotels, restaurants, employees when the tourists came from other countries. These demands will pressure on the basic services like water supply and electricity etc it will be burden on the municipal corporation

Hunting of animals Here, ecotourists use to hunt the animals for the purpose of enjoyment. It leads destruction of forest. So it leads to decrease the animals. Then it directly affects the locals. Here the people also use to export the animals skin and ivory to various countries without knowing of locals people.

THE BENEFITS OF ECO-TOURISM ON VARIOUS ASPECTS

n the tourism sector the Ecotourism is a sub sector and it is fastest growing sector. In the Ecotourism the people who are participating having more concern about the Earths natural resources. The Ecotourism means the

tourists travel to a undisturbed areas to watching, enjoying the nature and scenery of rare plants and wild animals. The tourists coming from different places may enjoy the nature in the Ecotourism without disturbing the animals and also preserving the nature and natural resources. The Ecotourism also helps in improving the economic growth in these areas. Even, there are some problems with this Ecotourism. If avoiding of such problems there are more benefits from this Ecotourism. The tourism industry collecting the money from the tourists will help in many ways as donating the money for the schools, developing the infrastructure, mainly developing the people who are living in the local area. The money collecting from the tourists will be use to preserve the nature or environment of the Ecotourism area. By using this money the tourism taking the security precautions for the nature and as well as wild animals which is living in that place. This money also useful to protect the natural resources like the plants used in the medicine, which are rarely appear in the forests. The tourism industry can give the protection to the natural resources by protecting the nature and maintaining the security for natural resources. It shows the major difference in the economy of local people. If this money will donate to the schools for the development, the percentage of education will be more. This is very important in Benefits of Ecotourism. The children will be more educate about how the nature is? How are we protecting this? What are the safety precautions to preserve this nature? and many more. This is very useful in both the ways, for the nature and for the people too. This money plays a major role in developing the infrastructure of that particular place. The development of roads and many other facilities of the people will increase the Ecotourism. This is also a great benefit of the Ecotourism. In the same way developing of Holy places will increase the spiritual way in the human being. The tourists will definitely visit these Holy places and learn the culture of that place. Even the local people will learn much other religion and learn to respect one and another. In order to protect the nature, preserving the natural resources and saving of wildlife every man should follow some dos and donts. These are some benefits gaining from the Ecotourism. There is also some disadvantages like compromising of land, in terms of income prospects. So avoiding of all disadvantages there are much benefits in

the Ecotourism. This will be good by taking some precautions from the relative government. In order to protect the Ecotourism destination regions the government should follow some rules. They are Imposing fines on tourists when they break the rules. 2. Security guards should be arranging near important places. 3. It provides good accommodation to the tourist. 4. The government should train the locals in the way that they can protect their regarding. Taken away the valuable herbs and medicinal plants Here some of the ecotourists are taking away the valuable herbs and medicinal plants from the ecotourism areas. In this way ecotourists are doing harm to the locals directly and indirectly. Here some ecotourists are exporting the valuable things to their areas illegally.
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Residents may leave For the development of ecotourism, the local residents were shifted to another area. Some of the people are shifted the areas forced by the developers. Here business men are forcing to leave their place .This leads the residents to migrate to another place forcefully.

TYPES OF IN EQUALITIES IN ECO TOURISM

TYPES OF INEQUALITIES IN ECOTOURISM There are several types of inequalities that appear in ecotourism concept. It is very difficult to identify and determine the inequalities by ecotourism. The key factor of ecotourism is its effect on people in the destination regions. Management of effects should be determined carefully. This is very important to measure the impacts. Once this is done efficiently we can analyze the impacts. There is a possibility of less usage of local resources in the rural areas like wood and several medicinal plants due to ecotourism. Several impacts are as follows.

Inflation: There are several destinations which are suffering from excessive prices. Due to the tourism development, the prices of goods and services increased excessively. So the residents who belong to that particular place face problems to survive their lives.

Income distribution: Ecotourism development sometimes distributes the incomes within the destination regions. It creates more inequalities. Sometimes the residents benefit from the programmers by modifying places like wells, rising funds to the schools. In such situations the people who stay there will benefit.

Above are the impacts which mostly raise due to the ecotourism development activities. The following are different types of inequalities which are specific under development activities. Land: The tourists usually come by vehicles. Due to the excessive use of vehicles the soil gets degraded and may reduce its nature. There may chances of erosion. The temperature of soil may get unbalanced. So due to the ecotourism activities the fertility of soil also get reduced. This is a great loss of soil nature due to the usage of vehicles.

Planting: Ecotourism development activities affect the planting or vegetation. Usually the tourists walk and watch the places. Every time the place to which tourists come is busy with no of people so the soil may loss its fertility. Obviously it leads to dryness of land so that the plants would not grow with those nature limitations. For a plant to be growing it needs temperature, fertility and so on. But the resources which are needed get reduces due to walking and use of vehicles by the tourists.

Reduction in population of insects: The no of small species were reducing day by day .some of the names of insects also not known to us. There are several kinds of small species, in which most of them were destroyed only because of ecotourism. This is verified and proved by a survey done by researchers. Some species which are very helpful in growing of fields, reduced due to the ecotourism. Amphibians: These species are small living creatures that are having spine. The aquatic species such as fish stoneflies cannot get their food resources due to the pollution present in the water. So the population of aquatic creatures gets reduced. Tourists will go for boating, swimming etc, which yields pollution of water which directly impacts the aquatic species. In this way ecotourism directly or indirectly affects the reptiles, so that the population of amphibians gets reduced. Impact on Birds:

There are some places which are for hunting, shooting for tourists in order to attract tourists. In such places there may be sound and air pollution, due to that the birds affects a lot and moreover the population is also get reduced. In some places boating is also affects the bird species like cranes. Because continuous boating leads to severe water pollution and directly affects the bird species causes decrease in no of birds. Birds are flying creatures those who increases the beauty of the nature. But now more no of birds are decreasing due to ecotourism. Based on the above information, final conclusion will be on ecotourism development .The activities should be done for the sake of residents and several living creatures, not to spoil the environment and species. For the protection of small species like beetle the ecotourism development should do some activities to prevent the decrease in population and also prevent tourists from shooting. Considering above all the ecotourism directly or indirectly affects the nature and it remains the same with development activities of ecotourism.

ADVANTAGES OF ECOTOURISM
Ecotourism also helps residents in various ways. On them the important factors are 1. Conservation 2. Economic benefits 3. Cultural advantages. 4. Awareness 5. Protection Conservation: The Ecotourism provide worldwide awareness to the ecotourism areas.The funds collected from the ecotourists will be used to conserve the forest, parks and also used to improve those areas. The money will be collected from ecotourists by taking entry fees to the parks etc.This fund will be used to improve the areas. Economic benefits: Ecotourism destination regions are often underdeveloped areas. They are unaware of global development. So Ecotourism make those to aware of all

these things. Government will build various hotels for the ecotourism accomadation.So it indirectly help the locals. That also trains the locals in hospitality and also on marketing. In this way Ecotourism help in economic development of locals. Cultural advantages: Ecotourism also gain cultural advantages to the locals. By coming here ecotourists will know about their culture and ethical values.Ecotourist collect the information about the culture and pass it to the outside world. In this way their culture will get the global recognition throughout the world. Awareness: The main use of the Ecotourism is Awareness. Mostly the ecotourisms destination regions are very underdeveloped countries. They dont even know about the global world and its development. They dont know anything about the outside world. So for this type of areas, Ecotourism helps to aware about the outside world and their culture. Ecotourism provide recognition all over the world to the ecotourism destination regions. Even locals will improve themselves with the help of ecotourists. By seeing ecotourists locals will also develop in different sectors example in education, vegetation etc. Protection: Ecotourism help to protect the wild life.Ecotourist made a strategy programs to aware the people about the importance of flora and fauna.Th fund which was collected from ecotourists is used for to protect the wild life and also to protect the locals. In this way ecotourism will help the locals in various factors. It helps locals to improve in various fields that are in education, agriculture, transportation, shelter etc. Ecotourism proves good in these aspects. It will help the locals to develop themselves. Inequalities in elements rise between ecotourists and locals. But here ecotourisms life style and residents lifestyle is totally different. So because of this it leads to so many inequalities between them. Those elements are: Transportation: Because most of the ecotouristss are from developed countries, so their transportation is sophisticated and convenient but the ecotourism

destinations regions are underdeveloped so here transportation facilities are very poor. So this makes ecotourists so much of troubles. Education: Here the ecotourists are from different region their level of education is different and the locals are from small region they dont have school and they will be unaware of this. Most of the people are from this area are illiterate. It makes a lot of difference between local and ecotourists. Life expectancy: There is lot of differentiation in life expectancy of ecotourists and residents. Because the people who reside in the ecotourism destination areas doesnt have any hospitals and good doctors. The people who reside there were unaware of the problems which leads to healths problems. They dont have hospitals and medical shops. There most of the areas use to take medicine from herbs, the way of curing the diseases is different. So life expectancy will be different for ecotourists and residents. So in this way they are differing in their life expectancy. Culture and values: There will be lot of variation in residents and ecotourists culture. Here the ecotourists are from different regions so their cultures are also different. Example South African culture and American tourist are totally different, so cultures are different for different ecotourists and in the same way the culture of locals is different. So here founds inequality in ecotourists and locals. So in this way different inequalities will be raise among themselves because of culture, education, life expectancy, transportation, education etc.

RELEVANT CASES OF ECOTOURISM

Ecotourism- advantage or trouble? Ecotourism is involved in both cases. Some advantages involved in ecotourism:

Tourism revenue will be increased. Employment will be generated by management sector and resource development sector. Ecotourism also influences surrounding environments like hotel, travelling system and restaurant etc.

Ecotourism also helps local people in tourism place. By developing tourism place some facilities for that area like road, water soon will be improved. Some disadvantages by this Ecotourism:

By tourism activity, water pollution, garbage will be increased in tourism place. Arrival of tourists and entrepreneurs may cause social and economic digression on local people. Revenue The relevant case for Ecotourism is revenue. State is having some income on tourism places. So if place is having lot of visitors, it will increase revenue of government.

Contribution on Wildlife protection This case is also one of the relevant cases in ecotourism. Wild life conservation will minimize negative thoughts in human beings about wild animals. This section will improve natural asserts. Now in world, wild animals count is decreasing. So by implementing this activity new generations can know and see wild animals.

Marine tourism Marine tourism is stressing topic in ocean and coastal areas. Now a days, people is showing interest to see enjoyable places like beach, waterfalls etc comparing to historical places. But problems raised in coastal areas will require scientific conditions, planning, and problem analysis in those places.

Ecotourism development case Development deals with preservation and development of natural and environmental resources. This case study involves identifying factors which are involved and finding ways to implement this factor in Ecotourism for best results.

Value of Biodiversity Preserving and not spoiling planet resources are coming to biodiversity. By Ecotourism biodiversity is so influenced. Some chances are there to improve values of biodiversity like gardening, making films related to nature and giving seminars on improvement activities soon.

Employment sector The travel industry also influence employment sector. For example, tourism related photographs are 50% in world and employ growing rate is 5.2% per year.

Education field In education field also ecotourism is implemented. Some schools and colleges are providing educational tourism program for their students to show some historical and natural places. Government is also including some lessons on tourism places like Hyderabad, Agra etc in students books to educate them about tourism sector.

About tourists So many visitors and tourists come to see place from different places and culture. So it is necessary to provide resources and facility for tourists needs. So surrounding environment to tourism place should be maintained clean and adjustable by tourists.