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Implant prosthodontics :
Fourth Year Class 2012/2013
The phase of prosthodontics concerning replacement of missing teeth and/or associated structures by restorations that are attached to dental implants
Indications
Single tooth loss Inability to wear a removable P.D. Free end distal extension Need for long span FPD with questionable prognosis Unfavorable number and location of potential natural tooth abutment
Smoking Pregnancy Psychiatric disorders Tumoricidal radiation to implant site Antimetabolic treatment Uncontrolled cardiovascular problems Immunosuppression (chemotherapy,
HIV, etc)
Radiographic evaluation
Diagnostic casts
Bone sounding
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Subperiosteal
Transosteal
To the left you can see a typical modern Root form Implant and to the right of the implant is a picture of a natural tooth.
One can see how the implant is designed to replace the root of a tooth by the somewhat apparent similarity.
OSSEOINTEGRATION
A direct structural and functional connection between ordered living bone and the surface of a load carrying implant Swedish professor of orthopedics named Per-Ingvar Branemark
in 1965 he used the first titanium dental implant into a human volunteer
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Why Titanium
lightweight biocompatible corrosion resistant (dynamic inert oxide
layer)
mm horizontal Two mm above the superior aspect of inferior alveolar canal Five mm anterior to mental foramen one mm from the periodontal ligament of adjacent tooth Three mm between 2 implant to ensure bone vitality.
Posterior maxilla
Bone less dense, larger narrow spaces, and thin cortex
implant apex and nasal vestibule 2- Implant slightly off midline on either sides of incisive foramen.
1- One implant for every tooth 2- One mm of bone between the floor of
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of inferior canal 2. More time required for integration 3. Attachment of mylohyoid muscle
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Surgical guide
Objectives
Template extremely useful for anterior implant
1- Delineate the embrasures 2- Locate the implant within the restoration contour 3- Align the implant within the long axis of the restoration 4- Identify the level of CIJ or tooth emergence from the soft tissue
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Implant surgery
Surgical access Implant placement Postoperative evaluation Implant uncover
Guide drill / 2mm twist drill / Pilot drill / 3mm twist drill / Countersink
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Implant restorations
Significant factors for success 1- Precise placement 2- A traumatic surgery 3- Unloaded healing 4- Passive restoration
Abutment screw
Abutment
Implant fixture
- The abutment screw secures the abutment to the fixture - The prosthetic retention screw secures the prosthesis to the abutment.
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Prosthetic Crown
Look and feel of real tooth. Easily replaced.
Implant Abutment
Secures the crown to the Dental Implant. Can be straight or angled depending on implant location
Dental Implant
Should promote bone in-growth. Structure and geometry differences are the selling point for most companies.
Impression post
Implant restorations
Closed tray Impression
Imp post & analog
Type II bone
Thin cortical bone layer surrounding a core of dense trabecular bone of good strength
Type IV bone
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Poured cast
Contouring of the soft tissue material Impression coping locates the analog in the same position in the cast as the implant in the mouth
Unscrewing the abutment from the implant fixture, screw covering and suturing
Implant insertion into the prepared socket
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Removal of the cover screw in the 2nd stage and abutment attached to the fixture as a coping ready for impression
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Prosthetic Crown
Look and feel of real tooth. Easily replaced.
Implant Abutment
Secures the crown to the Dental Implant. Can be straight or angled depending on implant location
Dental Implant
Should promote bone in-growth. Structure and geometry differences are the selling point for most companies.
Two images showing two different types of tapered, cylindrical implants. One looks like a Christmas tree with fins projecting out to the sides; the other shows a special surface treatment consisting of spherical titanium beads.
Titanium screw
Titanium screw
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Cover screw
It is the component placed over the dental implant during the osseointegration phase to seal the occlusal surface of the implant and prevent tissue from proliferating into the internal portion of the implant body
It should be of low profile to facilitate the suturing of soft tissue tension _free.
Healing abutment
Dome shaped 2-10 mm screw placed on the implant after the 2 and stage surgery & before insertion of the prosthesis
Healing Abutments
Healing Abutments
EP (Emergence Profile)
Transgingival Titanium piece which will form the soft tissue Selected considering the Emergence Profile needed for the restoration and the tissue height
Necessary Information:
Healing Abutment Height Platform Diameter (normally same as implant diameter ) Healing Abutment Diameter (EP Profile
Height
Restorative Platform
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Healing Abutments
Abutment
Component of the implant system that screw directly into the implant to support and or retains a prosthesis or implant superstructure
Abutment
(Screw retained restoration)
can be either parallel (standard) or conical (estheticone) in shape. are secured with an abutment screw that is tightened to 20 Ncm.
Abutment screw
(green)
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Abutment (red)
Abutment
(Cemented restoration)
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Education
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Impression procedure
Remove closure screw or healing abutment Insert impression post and hand tighten screw with the screwdriver
Intraoral situation
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Education
Impression procedure
Take impression with an open tray
Use an elastomeric impression material
Impression procedure
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Education
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Education
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Laboratory analogs
Components made to represent the top of the implant fixture or the abutment in the laboratory cast
The impression posts attached to the implants fixtures. The master cast is that one used to fabricate the final prosthesis.
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Attach Analog
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Push Analog/Impression Coping Assembly into Impression Twist and Lock Grooves into Impression
Waxing sleeves
Combination
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Have a slot or hex head Access is usually covered by a combination of gutta percha and composite.
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- Used to remove or replace abutment screws for standard or conical (estheticone / mirus cone) abutments. - Tighten to 20 Ncm.
The hexagon of the impression coping can be seen. It is very important to check that the position of the impression coping has been accurately recorded and that the hex is clear of any impression material.
The analogue can now be attached to the impression coping by screwing in the guide pin. It should be confirmed that the coping is attached to the analogue with no misalignment of gaps. At this stage, injecting impression material around the neck of the analog can simulate the gingiva.
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In the final stage in impression taking, a stone model of the gingiva and teeth should be cast, and the simulated gingiva should remain on the model. After the stone is hardened, the impression coping can be released from the model by removing the guide pin. The impression tray can now be separated from the model
Option 1: Placing the gold plastic cylinder abutment on the stone model
Following the construction of the silicone index a gold plastic cylinder abutment with hexagon can be selected.
The silicon index will be used to check that the dimensions of the wax-up are appropriate to its surroundings.
The plastic part of the gold plastic cylinder abutment can now be grind to the appropriate height on the stone model, taking into account the height of the adjacent teeth. After the gold abutment and the plastic cylinder have been prepared, it is possible to carve the wax to the desired shape.
Following the carving of the wax on the gold abutment and the plastic cylinder they will be cast.
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After placing the crown, the screw of the gold abutment should be tightened to 20 Ncm utilizing the TORKIT wrench.
This will minimize the chances of the screw opening. After the screw has been tightened, the screw hole should be closed.
The plastic cylinder can now be grind to the appropriate height on the stone model, taking in the account the height of the adjacent teeth. After the plastic cylinder have been prepared, it is possible to carve the wax to the desired shape. Following the carving of the wax on the plastic cylinder they will be cast.
After completion of the casting, a check must be made in the paients mouth using the screw MD-SO220 to connect it.
When fabricating P.F.M crown, using the direct wax-up technique on the plastic cylinder a metal frame onto which the porcelain firing takes place. Checking the metal on the stone model and the seating of the external hex of the casting (what was previously the external hex. of the plastic cylinder MD-CPH13), in the internal hex of the implant analog.
Following the selection of the appropriate color, the porcelain is fired on the metal casting.
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Option 2: Porcelain in mouth After placing the crown, the screw of the plastic cylinder should
be tightened to 20 Ncm utilizing the TORKIT wrench.
This will minimize the chances of the screw opening. After the screw has been tightened the screw hole should be closed.
1. Tooth-implant supported restoration Place an implant distal to the most posterior natural abutment and fabricate a fixed prosthesis connecting the implant with the natural tooth. However, there are problems
2. Implant supported restoration Place two or more implants posterior to the most distal natural tooth and fabricate a completely implant-supported restoration ).
If the crown-to-implant ratio is favorable, two implants to support a three-unit fixed prosthesis. If implants are short and crowns are long, one implant to replace each missing tooth. If doubt remains, more implants are used when heavier forces are expected (e.g., posterior part of the mouth in patients with evidence of parafunctional activity). Fewer implants are used when lighter forces are expected (e.g., those opposing a complete denture or those supporting a prosthesis in the anterior part of the mouth).
1. Multiple implants placed between the remaining natural teeth to fabricate a fully implant-supported restoration. 2. One or two implants can be placed in the long edentulous span and the final restoration connected to natural teeth.
When it is necessary to connect implants and the natural teeth, protecting the teeth with telescopic copings is recommended . In this manner, prosthesis retrievability can be maintained.
1. An otherwise intact dentition 2. spaces difficult to treat with conventional fixed prosthodontics 3. Distally missing teeth. 4. A prosthesis that needs to closely mimic the missing natural tooth
Some long edentulous spans require the reconstruction of soft and hard tissue and teeth. using resin teeth processed to a metal substructure rather than a conventional metal-ceramic restoration is recommended. Soft tissue esthetics can be more easily and accurately mimicked with heat-processed resin .
This type of restoration has been called a hybrid because it combines the principles of conventional fixed and removable prosthodontics.
1. Esthetics 2. Ant rotation to avoid prosthetic component loosening 3. Simplicity-to minimize the amount of components used 4. Accessibility-to maintain optimum oral health 5. Variability-to allow the clinician to control the height, diameter, and angulations of the implant restoration
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1.The hybrid prosthesis is a cast alloy framework with processed denture resin and teeth. Five implants in the mandible and six in the maxilla. Suitable for patients who have had moderate bone loss, the prosthesis restores both bone and soft tissue contours. 2. The metal-ceramic rehabilitation also requires five implants in the mandible and six in the maxilla. Only if minimal bone loss has occurred and is best suited for patients who have recently lost their natural teeth (within 5 years). 3. For patients with severe bone loss, there is probably only one option: a removable restoration .
Minimal resorption Metal ceramic restorations Moderate sever resorption resorption resin to Over denture metal restorations
If the screw is sufficiently tightened into the implant crown to seat it, a clamping load or preload is developed between the implant and the crown. If this clamping force is greater than the forces trying to separate the joint between implant and crown, the screw will not loosen.
Advantages of cement-retained restorations. 1. Simplicity 2. Less expensive. 3. Allow minor angle correction. 4. More esthetically pleasant Disadvantages of cement-retained restorations. 1. Require more chair time 2. Have the same propensity to loosen as the screw retained. Advantages of screw-retained restorations. 1. Retrievability Disadvantage of a screw-retained implant restoration 1. The screw may loosen during function. 2. Cost
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Screw-Retained Crowns
Cemented Crowns
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